Sonographic features of various dental materials and foreign bodies

2021 ◽  
pp. 20210182
Author(s):  
Fatma Çağlayan ◽  
Fatma Nur Yozgat İlbaş
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Bodies ◽  
Dental Materials ◽  
Conventional Radiography ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Acoustic Behavior ◽  
Comet Tail ◽  
In Vitro Environment ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Bovine Gelatin

Objective: To reveal the sonographic characteristics of various foreign bodies and dental materials to aid diagnosis. Methods and materials: 24 objects consisting of various dental materials and foreign bodies were included in the study. Objects were embedded in bovine gelatin. Images of the objects were obtained by conventional radiography and ultrasonography (USG). Opacities were evaluated by conventional radiography. Their visibility and posterior acoustic behaviors were examined by USG. In addition, the actual sizes of the objects and their dimensions measured by USG were compared. Results: All objects included in the study, including non-opaque ones, could be visualized by USG. When the posterior acoustic behavior of objects was examined, 15 of the objects (62.5%) caused posterior acoustic shadowing on USG. While 6 of the objects (25%) did not have any USG artifacts, 2 of them (8,3%) had comet tail artifact and 1 of them (4,2%) had reverberation artifact. There was no statistically significant difference between the actual dimensions of the objects and their dimensions measured by USG (p > 0,05). Conclusion: USG is a very useful technique for imaging foreign bodies and dental materials, it can even show objects that cannot be seen in X-rays on in-vitro environment.

Serum Concentrations of DKK-1 Correlate with the Extent of Bone Disease in Multiple Myeloma.

Blood ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 110 (11) ◽  
pp. 3518-3518
Author(s):  
Martin Kaiser ◽  
Maren Mieth ◽  
Peter Liebisch ◽  
Susanne Rötzer ◽  
Christian Jakob ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Myeloma ◽  
Bone Disease ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Conventional Radiography ◽  
Bone Lesions ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Myeloma Bone Disease ◽  
Lytic Lesions ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
First Time

Abstract Objectives: Lytic bone disease is a hallmark of multiple myeloma (MM) and is caused by osteoclast activation and osteoblast inhibition. Secretion of Dickkopf (DKK)-1 by myeloma cells was reported to cause inhibition of osteoblast precursors. DKK-1 is an inhibitor of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling, which is a critical signaling pathway for the differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells into osteoblasts. So far there is no study showing a significant difference in serum DKK-1 levels in MM patients with or without lytic bone lesions. Methods: DKK-1 serum levels were quantified in 184 previously untreated MM patients and 33 MGUS patients by ELISA, using a monoclonal anti-DKK-1 antibody. For the evaluation of bone disease, skeletal X-rays were performed. Results: Serum DKK-1 was elevated in MM as compared to MGUS (mean 11,963 pg/mL versus 1993 pg/mL, P < 0.05). Serum DKK-1 levels significantly correlated with myeloma stage according to Durie and Salmon (mean 2223 pg/mL versus 15,209 pg/mL in stage I and II/III, respectively; P = 0.005). Importantly, myeloma patients without lytic lesions in conventional radiography had significantly lower DKK-1 levels than patients with lytic bone disease (mean 3114 pg/mL versus 17,915 pg/mL; P = 0.003). Of interest, serum DKK-1 correlated with the number of bone lesions (0 vs. 1–3 vs. >3 lesions: mean 3114 pg/mL vs. 3559 pg/mL vs. 24,068 pg/mL; P = 0.002). Conclusion: This is the largest study of DKK-1 serum levels in multiple myeloma patients and data show for the first time a correlation between DKK-1 serum concentration and the amount of lytic bone disease, suggesting that DKK1 is an important factor for the extent of bone disease and supporting the hypothesis of DKK-1 as a therapeutic target in myeloma bone disease.

scholarly journals Megavoltage Radiosensitization of Gold Nanoparticles on Glioblastoma Cancer Cell Line Using a Clinical Platform

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farasat Kazmi ◽  
Kate A. Vallis ◽  
Balamurugan A. Vellayappan ◽  
Aishwarya Bandla ◽  
Duan Yukun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gold Nanoparticles ◽  
Cancer Cell Line ◽  
Radiation Sensitivity ◽  
Dark Field ◽  
Metal Nanoparticle ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Survival Fraction ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Vitro Model

Gold nanoparticles (GNPs) have demonstrated significant dose enhancement with kilovoltage (kV) X-rays however recent studies have shown inconsistent findings with megavoltage (MV) X-rays. We proposed to evaluate the radiosensitization effect in U87 glioblastoma (GBM) cells in the presence of 42 nm GNPs and irradiated with a clinical 6 MV photon beam. Cytotoxicity and radiosensitization was observed using MTS and clonogenic cellular radiation sensitivity assays respectively. Sensitization enhancement ratio was calculated for 2 Gy (SER2Gy) with GNP (100 &mu;g/mL). Dark field and MTS assay revealed high co-localization and good biocompatibility of the GNPs with GBM cells. Significant sensitization enhancement of 1.45 (P = 0.001) was observed with GNP 100 &mu;g/mL. Similarly, at 6 Gy there was significant difference in the survival fraction between GBM alone group (Mean (M) = 0.26, Standard Deviation (SD) = 0.008) and GBM plus GNP group (M = 0.07, SD = 0.05, P = 0.03). GNPs enable radiosensitization in U87 GBM cells at 2 Gy when irradiated using a clinical platform. In addition to the potential clinical utility of GNPs, these studies demonstrate the effectiveness of a robust and easy to standardise in-vitro model that can be employed for future studies involving metal nanoparticle plus irradiation.

scholarly journals Diagnostic Performance of Dual-Energy Subtraction Radiography for the Detection of Pulmonary Emphysema: An Intra-Individual Comparison

Diagnostics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 1849
Author(s):  
Julia A. Mueller ◽  
Katharina Martini ◽  
Matthias Eberhard ◽  
Mathias A. Mueller ◽  
Alessandra A. De Silvestro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Emphysema ◽  
Diagnostic Performance ◽  
Conventional Radiography ◽  
Dual Energy ◽  
P Value ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Reference Standard ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Energy Subtraction ◽  
Interreader Agreement

Purpose/Objectives: To compare the diagnostic performance of dual-energy subtraction (DE) and conventional radiography (CR) for detecting pulmonary emphysema using computed tomography (CT) as a reference standard. Methods and Materials: Sixty-six patients (24 female, median age 73) were retrospectively included after obtaining lateral and posteroanterior chest X-rays with a dual-shot DE technique and chest CT within ±3 months. Two experienced radiologists first evaluated the standard CR images and, second, the bone-/soft tissue weighted DE images for the presence (yes/no), degree (1–4), and quadrant-based distribution of emphysema. CT was used as a reference standard. Inter-reader agreement was calculated. Sensitivity and specificity for the correct detection and localization of emphysema was calculated. Further degree of emphysema on CR and DE was correlated with results from CT. A p-value < 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Results: The mean interreader agreement was substantial for CR and moderate for DE (kCR = 0.611 vs. kDE = 0.433; respectively). Sensitivity, as well as specificity for the detection of emphysema, was comparable between CR and DE (sensitivityCR 96% and specificityCR 75% vs. sensitivityDE 91% and specificityDE 83%; p = 0.157). Similarly, there was no significant difference in the sensitivity or specificity for emphysema localization between CR and DE (sensitivityCR 50% and specificityCR 100% vs. sensitivityDE 57% and specificityDE 100%; p = 0.157). There was a slightly better correlation with CT of emphysema grading in DE compared to CR (rDE = 0.75 vs. rCR = 0.68; p = 0.108); these differences were not statistically significant, however. Conclusion: Diagnostic accuracy for the detection, quantification, and localization of emphysema between CR and DE is comparable. Interreader agreement, however, is better with CR compared to DE

scholarly journals Megavoltage Radiosensitization of Gold Nanoparticles on a Glioblastoma Cancer Cell Line Using a Clinical Platform

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 429 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farasat Kazmi ◽  
Katherine A. Vallis ◽  
Balamurugan A. Vellayappan ◽  
Aishwarya Bandla ◽  
Duan Yukun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gold Nanoparticles ◽  
Cancer Cell Line ◽  
Radiation Sensitivity ◽  
Dark Field ◽  
Metal Nanoparticle ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Survival Fraction ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Vitro Model

Gold nanoparticles (GNPs) have demonstrated significant dose enhancement with kilovoltage (kV) X-rays; however, recent studies have shown inconsistent findings with megavoltage (MV) X-rays. We propose to evaluate the radiosensitization effect on U87 glioblastoma (GBM) cells in the presence of 42 nm GNPs and irradiated with a clinical 6 MV photon beam. Cytotoxicity and radiosensitization were measured using MTS and clonogenic cellular radiation sensitivity assays, respectively. The sensitization enhancement ratio was calculated for 2 Gy (SER2Gy) with GNP (100 μg/mL). Dark field and MTS assays revealed high co-localization and good biocompatibility of the GNPs with GBM cells. A significant sensitization enhancement of 1.45 (p = 0.001) was observed with GNP 100 μg/mL. Similarly, at 6 Gy, there was significant difference in the survival fraction between the GBM alone group (mean (M) = 0.26, standard deviation (SD) = 0.008) and the GBM plus GNP group (M = 0.07, SD = 0.05, p = 0.03). GNPs enabled radiosensitization in U87 GBM cells at 2 Gy when irradiated using a clinical platform. In addition to the potential clinical utility of GNPs, these studies demonstrate the effectiveness of a robust and easy to standardize an in-vitro model that can be employed for future studies involving metal nanoparticle plus irradiation.

Predictive Model for Live Birth at 12 Months After Starting In-Vitro Fertilization Treatment

MedPharmRes ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 5-20
Author(s):  
Vu Ho ◽  
Toan Pham ◽  
Tuong Ho ◽  
Lan Vuong
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Fertilization ◽  
Live Birth ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Financial Burden ◽  
Oocyte Retrieval ◽  
Operating Characteristics ◽  
Vitro Fertilization ◽  
Cox Regression Analysis ◽  
Significant Difference

IVF carries a considerable physical, emotional and financial burden. Therefore, it would be useful to be able to predict the likelihood of success for each couple. The aim of this retrospective cohort study was to develop a prediction model to estimate the probability of a live birth at 12 months after one completed IVF cycle (all fresh and frozen embryo transfers from the same oocyte retrieval). We analyzed data collected from 2600 women undergoing in vitro fertilization (IVF)/intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) at a single center in Vietnam between April 2014 and December 2015. All patients received gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) antagonist stimulation, followed by fresh and/or frozen embryo transfer (FET) on Day 3. Using Cox regression analysis, five predictive factors were identified: female age, total dose of recombinant follicle stimulating hormone used, type of trigger, fresh or FET during the first transfer, and number of subsequent FET after the first transfer. The area under the receiver operating characteristics curve for the final model was 0.63 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.60‒0.65) and 0.60 (95% CI 0.57‒0.63) for the validation cohort. There was no significant difference between the predicted and observed probabilities of live birth (Hosmer-Lemeshow test, p > 0.05). The model developed had similar discrimination to existing models and could be implemented in clinical practice.

Comparative Study to Evaluate the Surface Detail Reproduction of Dental Stone after Immersion in Various Different Disinfectant Solutions, Under Stereomicroscope 10 X Magnification –An In-Vitro Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rathika Rai ◽  
M. A. Easwaran ◽  
K. T. Dhivya
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Hypochlorite ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Immersion Method ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Surface Irregularities ◽  
Disinfectant Solution ◽  
Surface Detail ◽  
Group B

Aim: To evaluate the surface detail reproduction of dental stone this is immersed in different disinfectant solution and studied under stereomicroscope. Methodology: Total number of 30 specimens of dental stone (Type III) were made with measurements of 1.5cm diameter and 1cm height .This samples are divided in to 3 groups group A,B,C. were A is immersed in Distilled water which was taken as control group ;B is immersed in 2% Glutaraldehyde and C is immersed in 5%sodium hypochlorite. Each specimen were immersed in the disinfectant solution for 15 minutes and dried under room temperature for 24 hrs. After 24 hrs each specimens are studied under stereomicroscope for surface details. Result: The results showed no significant difference in the surface irregularities and porosities for a group 1 and group 2 except group 3 which showed significant increase in the porosities, surface irregularities and erosions after disinfection with 5% NaHOCl by immersion method. Conclusion: The surface detail reproduction capacity of die stone was adversely affected when 5% Sodium hypochlorite was used as disinfectant solution when compare d to control group and 2% Glutaraldehyde

Quantitative Ratiometric pH Imaging Using a 1,2-Dioxetane Chemiluminescence Resonance Energy Transfer Sensor

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucas S. Ryan ◽  
Jeni Gerberich ◽  
Uroob Haris ◽  
ralph mason ◽  
Alexander Lippert
Keyword(s):  
Energy Transfer ◽  
Resonance Energy Transfer ◽  
Resonance Energy ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Photon Flux ◽  
Ph Homeostasis ◽  
Ph Imaging ◽  
Confounding Variables ◽  
Significant Difference

<p>Regulation of physiological pH is integral for proper whole-body and cellular function, and disruptions in pH homeostasis can be both a cause and effect of disease. In light of this, many methods have been developed to monitor pH in cells and animals. In this study, we report a chemiluminescence resonance energy transfer (CRET) probe Ratio-pHCL-1, comprised of an acrylamide 1,2-dioxetane chemiluminescent scaffold with an appended pH-sensitive carbofluorescein fluorophore. The probe provides an accurate measurement of pH between 6.8-8.4, making it viable tool for measuring pH in biological systems. Further, its ratiometric output is independent of confounding variables. Quantification of pH can be accomplished both using common fluorimetry and advanced optical imaging methods. Using an IVIS Spectrum, pH can be quantified through tissue with Ratio-pHCL-1, which has been shown in vitro and precisely calibrated in sacrificed mouse models. Initial studies showed that intraperitoneal injections of Ratio-pHCL-1 into sacrificed mice produce a photon flux of more than 10^10 photons per second, and showed a significant difference in ratio of emission intensities between pH 6.0, 7.0, and 8.0.</p> <b></b><i></i><u></u><sub></sub><sup></sup><br>

Aktivitas Antifungi Air Perasan Bawang Merah (Allium ascalonicum L.) Terhadap Candida albicans Secara In Vitro

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 71
Author(s):  
Nurhasanah Nurhasanah ◽  
Fauzia Andrini ◽  
Yulis Hamidy
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Allium Sativum ◽  
Fungicidal Activity ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

Shallot (Allium ascalonicum L.) has been known as traditional medicine. Shallot which has same genus with garlic(Allium sativum L.) contains allicin that is also found in garlic and has been suspected has fungicidal activity toCandida albicans. It is supported by several researches. Therefore, shallot is suspected has antifungal activity too.The aim of this research was to know antifungal activity of shallot’s water extortion againsts Candida albicans invitro. This was a laboratory experimental research which used completely randomized design, with diffusion method.Shallot’s water extortion was devided into three concentrations, there were 50%, 100% and 200%. Ketoconazole 2%was positive control and aquadest was negative control. The result of this research based on analysis of varians(Anova), there was significant difference between several treatments and was confirmed with Duncan New MultipleRange Test (DNMRT) p<0,05, there was significant difference between 100% shallot’s water extortion with othertreatments, but there was no significant difference between 50% shallot’s water extortion with 200% shallot’s. Theconclusion was shallot’s water extortion had antifungal activity againsts Candida albicans with the best concentration100%, but it was lower than ketoconazole 2%.

In Vitro Shoot Regeneration from Callus Derived from Marubakaido Apple Rootstock under Different Aluminium Concentrations

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 460e-460 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marisa F. de Oliveira ◽  
Gerson R. de L. Fortes ◽  
João B. da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Shoot Regeneration ◽  
Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Apple Rootstock ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Previously Treated ◽  
2,4 Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
In Vitro Shoot Regeneration

The aim of this work was to evaluate the organogenesis of Marubakaido apple rootstock under different aluminium concentratons. The explants were calli derived from apple internodes treated with either 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid or pichloram at 0.5 and 1.0 μM and under five different aluminium concentrations (0, 5, 10, 15, 20 mg/L). These calli were then treated with aluminium at 0, 5, 10, 15, and 20 mg/L. It was observed shoot regeneration only for those calli previously treated with pichloram. There were no significant difference among the aluminium concentrations.

Computational and In-Vitro Validation of Natural Molecules as Potential Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors and Neuroprotective Agents

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 116-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashwani Kumar ◽  
Vineet Mehta ◽  
Utkarsh Raj ◽  
Pritish Kumar Varadwaj ◽  
Malairaman Udayabanu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
In Silico ◽  
Hippocampal Neurons ◽  
Symptomatic Relief ◽  
In Vitro Assays ◽  
Disease Modifying Drugs ◽  
In Silico Docking ◽  
Ache Inhibitors ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Disease Modifying

Background: Cholinesterase inhibitors are the first line of therapy for the management of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), however, it is now established that they provide only temporary and symptomatic relief, besides, having several inherited side-effects. Therefore, an alternative drug discovery method is used to identify new and safer ‘disease-modifying drugs’. Methods: Herein, we screened 646 small molecules of natural origin having reported pharmacological and functional values through in-silico docking studies to predict safer neuromodulatory molecules with potential to modulate acetylcholine metabolism. Further, the potential of the predicted molecules to inhibit acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity and their ability to protect neurons from degeneration was determined through in-vitro assays. Results: Based on in-silico AChE interaction studies, we predicted quercetin, caffeine, ascorbic acid and gallic acid to be potential AChE inhibitors. We confirmed the AChE inhibitory potential of these molecules through in-vitro AChE inhibition assay and compared results with donepezil and begacestat. Herbal molecules significantly inhibited enzyme activity and inhibition for quercetin and caffeine did not show any significant difference from donepezil. Further, the tested molecules did not show any neurotoxicity against primary (E18) hippocampal neurons. We observed that quercetin and caffeine significantly improved neuronal survival and efficiently protected hippocampal neurons from HgCl2 induced neurodegeneration, which other molecules, including donepezil and begacestat, failed to do. Conclusion: Quercetin and caffeine have the potential as “disease-modifying drugs” and may find application in the management of neurological disorders such as AD.

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