Multimodal Imaging of Target Detection Algorithm under Artificial Intelligence in the Diagnosis of Early Breast Cancer

This study aimed to analyze the diagnostic value of multimodal images based on artificial intelligence target detection algorithms for early breast cancer, so as to provide help for clinical imaging examinations of breast cancer. This article combined residual block with inception block, constructed a new target detection algorithm to detect breast lumps, used deep convolutional neural network and ultrasound imaging in diagnosing benign and malignant breast lumps, took breast density grading with mammography, compared the convolutional neural network (CNN) algorithm with the proposed algorithm, and then applied the proposed algorithm to the diagnosis of 120 female patients with breast lumps. According to the results, accuracy rates of breast lump detection (94.76%), benign and malignant breast lumps diagnosis (98.22%), and breast grading (93.65%) with the algorithm applied in this study were significantly higher than those (75.67%, 87.23%, and 79.54%) with CNN algorithm, and the difference was statistically significant ( P < 0.05); among 62 patients with malignant breast lumps of the 120 patients with breast lumps, 37 were patients with invasive ductal carcinoma, 8 with lobular carcinoma in situ, 16 with intraductal carcinoma, and 4 with mucinous carcinoma; among the remaining 58 patients with benign breast lumps, 28 were patients with fibrocystic breast disease, 17 with intraductal papilloma, 4 with breast hyperplasia, and 9 with adenopathy; the differences in shape, growth direction, edge, and internal echo of multimodal ultrasound imaging of patients with benign and malignant breast lumps had statistical significance ( P < 0.05); the malignant constituent ratios of patients with breast density grades I to IV were 0%, 7.10%, 80.40%, and 100%, respectively. In short, the multimodal imaging diagnosis under the algorithm in this article was superior to CNN algorithm in all aspects; according to the judgment on benign and malignant breast lumps and breast density with multimodal imaging features, the higher the breast density, the higher the probability of breast cancer.

Frequency of Malignancies in Surgical Subjects and Subjects with Mass in Breast in the Surgical Department of Pumhsw Nawabshah Pakistan

Objective: To conclude frequency for malignancies in subjects with mass in breast at the PUMHSW Nawabshah department of surgery Wards. Design of Study: This is an Observational research. Duration & Location of Study: Current research was carried out in surgery at Nawabshah People's Medical College Hospital (SBA) from November 20, 2018 to November 20, 2020. Methodology: This research comprised of 200 subjects. A comprehensive history was taken from total subjects with special consideration for breast nodules & axillary lymph nodes & recorded proforma to evaluate the affected area was specifically inspected. A systematic review was also conducted to identify comorbidities. Total subjects received baseline & specific tests, especially radiological & histopathological reports. The selection criterion was that total female subjects over the age of 15 associated with mass in breast were included in this research. Exclusion criteria were subjects with breast abscesses & those who were diagnosed & treated for breast cancer with recurrent lesions. Results: the range of age started from 15-65 years, 39+4.11 years was mean age. lesion of Benign nature on biopsy were were Fibroadenoma 22%, intraductal papilloma 9%, Phylloid Tumor Benign 6% & lactating adenoma 5%. Neoplastic nature was observed on biopsy invasive ductal carcinoma 19%, Invasive lobular carcinoma 11% & malignant phylloides tumor 9%. Conclusion: Study determined that frequency of breast malignancy in breast lumps was 58%.

Effect of Anatomical and Physiological Factors on Ultrasonic Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System Score in Iraqi Women Presenting with Breast Lumps

BACKGROUND: Breast lumps are a common presentation that can be assess non-invasively using the ultrasonic examination. AIM: The study aimed to assess the effect of different anatomical and physiological factors on the outcome of ultrasonic scoring of breast lumps. METHODS: A total of 60 females presented with a breast lump on ultrasound assessment were randomly selected after their consent at the Clinic for Early Detection of Breast Cancer in Baghdad. The results were expressed according to the ultrasound breast imaging reporting and data system (BI-RADS) scoring. RESULTS: There was a statistically significant positive correlation between the BI-RADS score with breast size, age, postmenopausal state, and personal or familial history of breast disease. Most cases (46.7%) scored BI-RADS II, followed by scores of III (21.6%), 4 (16.7%), and V (15%). The upper lateral quadrant of the breast was the most commonly affected sites. Marital status, parity, and breastfeeding didn’t have statistically significant influence on the sores. CONCLUSION: Ultrasonic BI-RADS scoring of breast lumps provides an initial reliable tool for the management of breast disease. Higher scores are associated with increasing breast size, age, postmenopausal state, and personal or familial history of breast disease. Several anatomical, physiological, hereditary, and environmental aspects influence such factors.

Histopathological study of benign breast lesions

Benign breast lesions are common in young females and are painless. Fibroadenoma is the commonest lesion among all the breast lesions and occurs in any age.1:To study the age and sex wise distribution of benign breast lesions; 2: To study the clinicopathological changes of benign breast diseases; 3: To study different types of benign breast lesions; 4. To study the histomorphological changes of benign breast lesions with clinical correlation.A prospective study of two years was done to evaluate the different types, patterns of benign breast lesions in females in relation to age, clinical and radiological features.A total of 140 benign breast diseases were studied. Fibroadenoma (76; 54.2%) was the most common lesion noted in younger females (18-24yrs) followed by fibrocystic disease (25; 17.8%) & benign phyllodes (14; 10%).FNAC followed by histopathological examination were the diagnostic criteria used for confirmation of the lesions.Benign breast lesions were common in young females, presented with painless, mobile breast lumps. Mastalgia and nipple discharge were other symptoms.

A PROSPECTIVE STUDY TO COMPARE THE EFFICACY OF THREE TREATMENT MODALITIES ON BENIGN BREAST DISEASE VIZ. EVENING PRIMROSE OIL (EPO), DANAZOLAND CENTCHROMAN

Background: Breast pain among women, with or without lump is common complaint and a cause of signicant anxiety and fear of breast cancer. Breast feeding is additionally one of the reasons for non-cyclic pain, brocystic breast disease is otherwise called broadenosis. Material and Methods:This is prospective study in the Department of General Surgery, Indira Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, Bihar. Conclusion: Centchroman is a selective anti estrogen effective in the treatment of brocystic disease. Centchroman is effective in reducing the sizes of breast lumps, providing relief from mastalgia and in curing cyclical and noncyclical breast pain in the premenopausal women.

Prevention and treatment of lactostasis and (or) mastitis in the pediatric area: practical aspects

Introduction. Incomplete breast emptying is the main cause of lactostasis, which can contribute to the development of mastitis. The article discusses the issues of prevention and treatment of lactostasis in breastfeeding mothers in the district covered by childhealth care: how to arrange breastfeeding, expression of breast milk, regime issues from the baby’s first days, as well as present-day knowledge on breast milk microbiota dysbiosis and an option of probiotic therapy. Clinical cases are presented.Clinical case 1. A breastfeeding mother found breast lumps on the one side 2 weeks after her labour. Lactostasis was diagnosed, it was caused by inappropriate breastfeeding technique. The breastfeeding mother was provided with the recommendations for proper performance of breastfeeding technique and prescribed the drug therapy: ibuprofen 400 mg once at fever ≥ 38.5 ºC and Lactobacillus fermentum CEST5716 – 1 capsule once daily. On the 3rd day, her health state significantly improved, the pain reduced, the temperature returned to normal, the breast lumps practically disappeared, on the 5th day the pain and breast lumps completely disappeared.Clinical case 2. A breastfeeding mother, first labour, 2 months have passed since her labour, exclusively breastfeeding on demand, complaints of pain in the left breast, local hyperemia 3 x 3 cm occurred, no breast lumps, local pain elicited by palpation, fever of 37.2 ºC. The breastfeeding mother was diagnosed with lactostasis, she was provided with recommendations for the arrangement of breastfeeding and expression of breast milk; not proscribed with antibacterial therapy, but the therapy with Lactobacillus fermentum CEST5716, 1 capsule once daily for 1 month. A day later, her health state improved: the pain reduced, the hyperemia disappeared, her body temperature returned to normal. The patient was recommended non-drug measures for preventing lactostasis and continuous administration of Lactobacillus fermentum CEST5716 – 1 capsule daily for 1 month.Clinical case 3. A breastfeeding mother detected daily lactostasis in her right breast 3 months after her labour. It might had been caused by chest contusion before the onset of the 1st episode of lactostasis. Medical examination revealed calcifications in her breast duct. Against the background of non-drug therapy, the patient adminstered Lactobacillus fermentum CEST5716 – 1 capsule daily, which resulted in a positive effect in a week’s time. The follow-up observation showed that lactostasis completely resolved without relapses in a 1.5-months’ time.Сonclusion. The correct breastfeeding technique is key to the prevention of lactostasis and mastitis, and the use of probiotic therapy Lactobacillus fermentum CEST5716 is an effective and safe drug treatment.

Vacuum-Assisted Excision, Scarless Solution for Fibroadenoma Breast—A Single-Center Experience

Background Fibroadenoma is one of the most common benign breast lesions that is frequently surgically excised in breast practice. Aim The aim of this study was to determine the efficacy and safety of ultrasound-guided (USG) vacuum-assisted excision biopsy (VAEB) of fibroadenoma. Settings and Design A retrospective observational study. Methods and Materials A total of 113 patients with 163 fibroadenomas who underwent USG-guided VAEB under local anesthesia with 7G and 10G probes using an Encor Enspire equipment were included in the study. The patients were followed up after 1, 6, and 12 months. The fibroadenomas up to 4 cm were excised as per the U.S. Food and Drug Administration-approved guidelines of the American Society of Surgeons for percutaneous removal of benign breast lesions. Results The percentage of complete excision rate was 98.8% and the most frequent complication encountered was hematoma including immediate and delayed accounting for 3.06%. There were no recurrent lesions in our study. Conclusion USG-guided VAEB of benign breast lumps can be a safe and effective alternative to surgical excision and had better patient satisfaction in terms of efficacy and cosmesis.

Assessment of clinical significance of serum uric acid, serum bilirubin and serum creatinine in patients with breast lump

Background: Breast cancer is the most common cancer in females, approximately a quarter of all cancers. Several tumor markers are being studied now a days like α feto protein, carcinoembryonic antigen, and human chorionic gonadotropin but, the cost of these analytical methods is very high. This study is directed to assess prognostic value of serum uric acid, serum bilirubin and serum creatinine in breast lump cases. And to compare variation in benign and malignant breast lumps in relation to serum uric acid, serum bilirubin and serum creatinine values.Methods: Observational and prospective study conducted in Hamidia Hospital, Bhopal from November 2018-July 2020 included 100 patients. 50 patients were having benign breast lumps and other 50 patients malignant. Categorization of the patients done on the basis of histopathological examination. Autoanalyzer was used for estimation of serum uric acid, serum bilirubin and serum creatinine.Results: High serum uric acid level may anticipate poor prognosis in carcinoma breast, and it may perform a promising role in the management of the same. The level of serum bilirubin was slightly more or within normal range. The level of serum creatinine was within normal range in absence of any renal impairment by other etiology.Conclusions: The evaluation of serum uric acid and serum bilirubin may be useful for predicting prognosis in females with malignant breast lump and can provide help in making diagnosis during the initial assessment of the patient presenting with breast lump.

Efficacy of FNAC in Diagnosis of Breast Lumps - A Retrospective Study

Background: FNAC is an established and highly accurate method for diagnosis of breast lesions. Its further advantage is to give rapid diagnosis, cost-effectiveness, excellent patient acceptance and minimal or no morbidity. The study aimed to diagnose various breast masses before operation by FNAC and to compare the result of FNAC with histopathological study to assess the efficacy of FNAC. Materials and Methods: The study entitled “Efficacy of FNAC in diagnosis of Breast Lumps” is a retrospective study conducted in department of surgery with collaboration of pathology department at Nalanda Medical College and Hospital, Patna during the period of July 2017 to December 2019. During this period, 150 FNAC cases were selected for study. Results: Fibroadenoma was the most commonly diagnosed entity in benign breast lesions, followed by fibrocystic disease. Among malignant lesions, infiltrating ductal carcinoma was the most common. The overall diagnostic accuracy of FNAC in benign breast lesions was 94.59%. The fibroadenomas were correctly diagnosed in 92.96% cases. There were 5.41% false negative results in our series. There was no false positive result giving specificity of 100%. Conclusion: FNAC is an inexpensive, simple, safe and readily acceptable procedure to the patient and plays main role to provide rapid and accurate diagnosis of breast lumps. FNAC enables us to differentiate benign from malignant lesions with high sensitivity, specificity and diagnostic accuracy. Keywords: Breast Lump, FNAC, HPE: Histopathological Examination.