Examination of Local Plan Changes from a Value Capture Perspective: Istanbul Case

Local governments have an increasing tendency to capture the value increase occurring as a result of partial interventions into local plans. The basic acceptance behind this is that value definitely will increase as a result of partial interventions. However, all partial interventions always cannot lead to an increase in value. There can be also partial interventions in which the value does not change or even decreases. The aim of this study is to identify the value capture capacity of local plan changes as partial interventions, and to discuss this capacity in terms of the balance between betterment and compensation. Istanbul, which is one of the cities where the effects of neo-liberal policies are most intense and where local plan changes are common, was chosen as the study area. In the first stage of the study, the spatial distributions of 17,369 plan changes approved by the Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality Council between 2009–2018 were examined. In the second stage, the value capture capacities of the plan changes grouped by subject, were determined by interviewing 46 people working in different areas of the planning discipline. The findings of the study demonstrate that although the plan changes are spread throughout the metropolitan area, they are concentrated in the central and secondary central districts where the accessibility value is high. The interviewees emphasized that the plan changes made as a result of private-sector demand and the plan change for the improvement of the infrastructure increase the value of the land and that the plan changes within this scope have value capture capacities. On the other hand, according to the findings of the study, some plan changes reduce the value of the land because of restricting the property rights on the land. Plan changes in this group are needed to be compensated fairly and equitably. Thus, the balance between betterment and compensation would be achieved.

An estimate of the amount of geological CO2 storage over the period 1996-2020

Existing centralised databases of industrial-scale CCS report various characteristics including capture capacities but do not specify the amount of CO2 stored from commercial CCS facilities. We review a variety of publicly available sources to estimate the amount of CO2 that has been captured and stored by operational CCS facilities since 1996. We organise these sources into three categories broadly corresponding to the associated degree of legal liability or auditing. Data were found for twenty commercial-scale facilities, indicating a combined capture capacity of 36 MtCO2 per year. Combining data from all three categories suggests that approximately 27 MtCO2 of this was stored in the subsurface in 2019. However, considering only categories 2 and 1 of reporting, storage estimates for 2019 reduce to 25 MtCO2 and 11 MtCO2, respectively. Nearly half of the projects investigated here are reporting injection rates close to their originally proposed capture rate capacity. Our data also show that between 1996 and 2020, 196 Mt of CO2 has been cumulatively stored, combining data for all three categories. The database presented here provides further insight into the factors influencing performances of CCS operations and the data can be used to parameterise energy system models for analysing plausible scaleup trajectories of CCS.

4081 Times Increase in Atmospheric Humidity Capture Capacity via Confinement of 2D Nanosheets in 3D Matrix

Atmospheric humidity capture is urgently needed in humidity-related process. Most of the traditional technology suffers the defects of large energy consumption, low capture capacity, etc. Here, an intelligent gel (IG), which was composed of super hygroscopic materials (SHM, for humidity detection, spontaneous capture and in-situ liquefaction), hydrophilic polymer PEG-6000 (polyethylene glycol, for humidity storage), and hydrophobic polymer PVDF (poly(vinylidene-fluoride), for fast water release), is shown. Based on such kind of integration, effective color responsive humidity detection, spontaneous humidity capture and in-situ liquefaction, under ambient conditions, have been achieved. The synergistic effects between two polymers have given birth to a 3D polymer framework that can shrink upon heating and swelling upon solvent immersion, which then act as a versatile matrix that dispersed evenly the 2D SHM into atomically scale. As a consequence, approximate 4081 times increase in working capacity than the individual SHM has been observed. Being an effective way to manipulate atmospheric humidity at the device level, the present work may open new avenue for next-generational water management systems.

Multicycle Performance of CaTiO3 Decorated CaO-Based CO2 Adsorbent Prepared by a Versatile Aerosol Assisted Self-Assembly Method

Calcium oxide (CaO) is a promising adsorbent to separate CO2 from flue gas. However, with cycling of carbonation/decarbonation at high temperature, the serious sintering problem causes its capture capacity to decrease dramatically. A CaTiO3-decorated CaO-based CO2 adsorbent was prepared by a continuous and simple aerosol-assisted self-assembly process in this work. Results indicated that CaTiO3 and CaO formed in the adsorbent, whereas CaO gradually showed a good crystalline structure with increased calcium loading. Owing to the high thermal stability of CaTiO3, it played a role in suppressing the sintering effect and maintaining repeated high-temperature carbonation and decarbonation processes. When the calcium and titanium ratio was 3, the CO2 capture capacity was as large as 7 mmol/g with fast kinetics. After 20 cycles under mild regeneration conditions (700 °C, N2), the performance of CO2 capture of CaTiO3-decorated CaO-based adsorbent nearly unchanged. Even after 10 cycles under severe regeneration conditions (920 °C, CO2), the performance of CO2 capture still remained nearly 70% compared to the first cycle. The addition of CaTiO3 induced good and firm CaO dispersion on its surface. Excellent kinetics and stability were evident.

Hierarchical Mesoporous SSZ-13 Chabazite Zeolites for Carbon Dioxide Capture

Artificial carbon dioxide capture is an alternative method to remove the carbon dioxide already accumulated in the atmosphere as well as to stop its release at its large-scale emission points at the source, such as at power plants. However, new adsorbents are needed to make the approach feasible. For this purpose, in this study, hierarchical mesoporous-microporous chabazite-type zeolites were synthesised by applying a dual-templating method. The microporous zeolite structure-directing agent N,N,N-trimethyl-1-adamantanammonium hydroxide was combined with an organosilane mesopore-generating template, 3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl octadecyl dimethyl ammonium chloride. Materials were characterised for their structural and textural properties and tested for their carbon dioxide capture capacity both in their original sodium form and in their proton-exchanged form by means of breakthrough curve analysis and sorption isotherms. The influence of template ratios on their structure, carbon dioxide capture, and capacity have been identified. All mesoporous materials showed fast adsorption-desorption kinetics due to a reduction in the steric limitations via the introduction of a meso range network of pores. The hierarchical zeolites are recyclable with a negligible loss in crystallinity and carbon dioxide capture capacity, which makes them potential materials for larger-scale application.