Socio-economic factors affecting home gardens as a livelihood strategy in rural areas of the Eastern Cape province, South Africa

Home gardens have been identified as one of the possible ways of producing food and offer great solutions to some of the issues surrounding poverty alleviation and improving food security in rural areas. However, home gardens' potential as a living strategy has not been recognized and affected by many factors. Therefore, the study examines socio-economic factors influencing home gardens as a living strategy in rural areas of the Eastern Cape Province. The study was conducted in the Eastern Cape Province rural areas, where data was collected from 200 households using snowball sampling. The study made use of descriptive and logit regression models for analysis. The study results reveal that female households actively participated in home gardens with an average of 46 years. Households were landowners with an average farm size of 3 Ha and owning farm assets. Home gardens contributed immensely to households by providing food for home consumption and generating income from crops and vegetables. The study concludes that Socio-economic factors were the factors influencing home gardens as the living strategy in rural areas. Therefore, the study recommends the provision of external personnel in rural areas to assist home gardeners in improving their productivity.

MSME LIVING STRATEGY AND DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY IN THE TIME OF THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC IN JAYAPURA CITY

This study aims to determine and analyze the survival and development strategies of MSMEs in Jayapura City which were implemented due to the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic. The research method used is descriptive qualitative method. The results obtained from this study indicate that there are many negative impacts that affect MSME actors during the Covid-19 pandemic, meanwhile there are many survival strategies for business actors but the most that can make them survive is to do e-commerce or sell products online, digital marketing and product repair and improvement. For the development of MSMEs, what can be done is to improve the quality of human resources, develop knowledge of financial literacy and expand market access.

KEARIFAN LOKAL MASYARAKAT DESA ADAT SADE DALAM MENGHADAPI COVID-19

Local wisdom of indigenous village communities can be interpreted as ideas, principles of life, behavior, rules or norms, taboos, and punishments derived from the experience of hereditary ancestors, one of which is to deal with life problems, namely disasters. COVID-19 is a disaster that causes difficult conditions to arise in society because it has an impact on all aspects of life. Therefore, people should fight against not only COVID-19 virus attack, but also food scarcity, and hunger. This study refers to the theory of local knowledge suggested by Geertz (1983) stating that local knowledge is born from experiences that have been passed in dealing with disasters and is knowledge owned by local communities and managed locally, in which there is a "cultural" system that aims to unite members within it. With the local wisdom that Sade Village has as a traditional village, the people have their way of dealing with COVID-19. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to identify the local wisdom of the Sade Village community in dealing with COVID-19. This research uses a descriptive qualitative method and the data is analyzed using triangulation. This study finds that local wisdom is used as a living strategy by optimally utilizing natural capital to deal with unexpected disasters. The tradition of togetherness, cooperation, and mutual assistance carried out by the people of Sade Village has made no one infected with the COVID-19 virus and can face food shortages, so this tradition needs to be followed by an example to deal with COVID-19. Another finding is the need to preserve agricultural work as a way of survival.

LIVING COMMUNITY LIVING STRATEGY IN PANGLIMA RAJA VILLAGE CONCONG INDRAGIRI HILIR DISTRICT

The condition of coastal communities or fishing communities in various regions is generally marked by the presence of several characteristics, such as poverty, socio-cultural underdevelopment, low human resources (HR) because most of the population only graduated from elementary school or did not complete primary school, and the weak function of the existence Business Group. Livelihoods at sea cannot provide regular and sustainable results as a result of the seasonal nature of fish availability, especially in conditions of global climate change so that the weather that occurs in coastal areas can no longer be predicted by fishermen. The thing that deserves attention is when marine resources as a potential area cannot be utilized and managed properly. Likewise, the life of coastal communities in Panglima Raja Village is inseparable from problems ranging from physical issues which are degraded to the environment with all its impacts and social and economic problems such as problems in the family, neighborhood or community, and aspects of the resources they have. . This study aims to 1) identify and assess the social and demographic aspects of coastal communities in Panglima Raja Village, 2) study the livelihood assets of coastal communities in Panglima Raja Village, 3) study the livelihood strategies of coastal communities in Panglima Raja Village. The research method used is a descriptive case study with data collection techniques through in-depth interviews, observation, and literature studies. The results showed that the social demographic of the Panglima Raja village community was heterogeneous with a majority of productive age, income that was smaller than income and a low level of education, the community had social, physical, financial, natural and human capital despite limited conditions, whereas the strategy found is a strategy of survival and consolidation without an accumulation strategy.Keywords: Livelihood strategy, coastal communities, Village Pangilma Raja, Riau

Lombok Living Strategy After The Lombok Earthquake

<p><em>This study aims to determine the form of household livelihood strategies found in Kayangan District after the earthquake. This qualitative research uses the case study method by sampling using purposive sampling. The sample used in this study were 60 households. Data collection techniques in this study used triangulation. Triangulation used in this research is by using source triangulation. In addition, other data collection techniques are in the form of observation, </em><em>deep </em><em>interview, and documentation. Analysis of the data used in this study is a qualitative analysis using the Miles and Huberman models. Activities carried out in the analysis are in the form of scoring data, reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing / verification. The results of the study concluded that: Household livelihood strategies used by the community in Kayangan District include intensification and exensification, as well as diversification.</em><em></em></p>

Influence of Livelihood Capitals on Livelihood Strategies of Herdsmen in Inner Mongolia, China

Herders’ living strategy is a function of the capitals at their disposal which also serve as a buffering mechanism when shocks arise. An insight into the connection between livelihood strategies and capitals owned by herders provides guidance to recognize their living situation. This study evaluated the different livelihood capitals of herders across the five ecological types (meadow, typical, desert, sandy, and desert steppe) in Inner Mongolia region of China, using the sustainable livelihood framework approach. An evaluation index was developed and used to investigate how the livelihood capitals of herders affects preferential selection of livelihood strategies using multinomial logit model. Results indicate that: (1) The stocks of human and social capitals were higher while those for natural, physical, and financial capitals were lower. (2) There were significant regional differences in the livelihood capital stock of herders’ families with zonal horizontal decrease from east to west. (3) Natural capitals affects the preferential selection of livelihood strategies by herders positively implying that possession of more natural capitals by herders leads to selection of livelihood strategies that are devoid of pastoral production; the preferred livelihood strategy of herders was significantly negatively affected by physical and financial capitals, an indication that, when herders possess more physical and financial capitals, they tend to choose livelihood strategies that involve pastoral production. The living strategy of herders was not affected by human and social capitals. (4) Production of rented pasture capital index affected the preferential selection of livelihood strategies by herders positively while cash income capital index had negative influence on how pastoralists select their livelihood strategies. In conclusion, the total livelihood capital of herders in Inner Mongolia is low, and there is perceived benefit in the differentiation of herders families into petty-herders and non-grazing families from the perception of natural resource management and sustainability. This requires income diversification programs such as capacity building and business education that will aid the smooth transition of households to these less resource exploiting livelihood strategies.

Strategi Nafkah, Karakter Sosio-Budaya dan Relasi Sosial Rumahtangga Penambang Belerang

Mining is a buisness that is highly dependent on environmental conditions, climate, and policies are always changing every moment. Social and ecological changes happend more quickly so that the rural miner households in general are often faced with the uncertainties that can lead to vlunerability. Many livelihood systems are used by miner household to survive. In implementating the strategy, of living, miner households take advantage of the five assets or livelihood capital (natural capital, human capital, physical capital, financial capital, and social capital) to make a living strategy for the continuation of life. The purpose of this research is to find out how social capital especially social relation support livelihood structure of sulfur miners household in Tamansari Village, Banyuwangi District, East Java. This study used the quantitative approach using questioner instrument and qualitative approach through depth interview.Keywords: miner household, livelihood assets, livelihood strategies, livelihood structure, social relation ABSTRAKUsaha pertambangan merupakan usaha yang sangat bergantung pada kondisi lingkungan, iklim, dan kebijakan yang selalu berubah-ubah. Perubahan-perubahan sosial maupun ekologi tersebut terjadi semakin cepat sehingga rumahtangga penambang di pedesaan umumnya sering dihadapkan pada ketidakpastian yang dapat menimbulkan kerentanan. Berbagai strategi nafkah digunakan oleh rumahtangga penambang untuk dapat bertahan hidup. Dalam melaksanakan strategi nafkah, rumahtangga penambang memanfaatkan livelihood assets atau modal penghidupan (modal alam, modal manusia, modal fisik, modal finansial, dan modal sosial) untuk keberlangsungan hidup mereka. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana modal sosial terutama relasi sosial mendukung struktur nafkah rumahtangga penambang belerang di Desa Tamansari, Kabupaten Banyuwangi, Jawa Timur. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif dengan pendekatan survei melalui instrumen kuesioner didukung dengan metode kualitatif melalui wawancara mendalam.Kata kunci: rumahtangga penambang, modal nafkah, relasi sosial, strategi nafkah, struktur nafkah

The Judge

The judge is the singular source of authority, the figure in whose action judgment is embodied. Using Georges Rouault’s painting, The Judges, this chapter discusses the relationship between law, spectating, and feeling. Taking up a refrain from Walt Whitman, a poetic form of judging is argued for. Poetic judgment brings about a world framed by the creation of forms by which we can educate ourselves in the collective business of living. Strategy, understood as the presentation of an organization to itself and others, becomes a judgmental condition of bringing together general sensibility and particular experience to re-frame the places in which we live and work. This chapter introduces a reversal of visionary forms of strategy. With poetic judgment, strategy becomes an aesthetic process of creating organizational forms and we become increasingly and collectively aware of the vulnerable ordinary and its panoply of elusive and sometimes strange occurrences.