SARS-CoV-2 Herd Immunity of the Kyrgyz Population in 2021

Background. In the fight against coronavirus infection, an important direction is control of herd immunity to the pathogen. SARS-CoV-2 herd immunity is formed naturally as a result of manifest or asymptomatic infection, or artificially as a result of vaccination Aim: To assess the SARS-CoV-2 herd immunity status of the Kyrgyz population. Materials and methods. A cross-sectional, randomized study of SARS-CoV-2 herd immunity was carried out according to a program developed by Rospotrebnadzor, with the participation of the Saint Petersburg Pasteur Institute, taking into account WHO recommendations. In all study stages cloud service (internet) technologies were used. The ethics committees of the Preventive Medicine Association (Kyrgyzstan) and the Saint Petersburg Pasteur Institute (Russia) approved the study. A total of 9,471 volunteers were selected, representing 0.15% (95% CI 0.14-0.15) of the total population. They were randomized according to age and region. Antibodies (Abs) to the nucleocapsid antigen (Nag) were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) of volunteer blood plasma. For vaccinated individuals, Abs to the SARS-CoV-2 receptor-binding domain antigen (RBDag) were determined. Statistical processing of the results was carried out using Excel 2010 and other programs. Differences were designated as statistically significant at p<0.05. Results. The seroprevalence of the general population was 48.7% (95% CI 47.7-49.7), with a maximum in the group of '60-69 year old' (59.2% (56.6-61.7)) and a minimum in the group '1-17 y.o.' (32.7% (95 CI 29.4-36.1)). The largest proportion seropositive was found in the Chui region (51.3% (95% CI 47.9-54.8)). The lowest was in Osh city (38.1% (95 CI 32.6-43.9)). The maximum seropositivity was detected among healthcare workers (57.1% (95% CI 55.4-58.8); the minimum was noted among artists (38.6% (95% CI 26.0-52.4)). Asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 positivity was 79.1% (96% CI 77.9-80.3). Vaccination with Sputnik V, EpiVacCorona, or Sinopharm formed comparable levels of immunity. Conclusions. The herd immunity to SARS-CoV-2 Nag is 48.75% (95% CI 47.7-49.7), and the overall immunity (Nag + RBDag) is 57%.

Anthropological study of Kyrgyz population of the Pamirs. Part II. Dermatoglyphic characteristics of the Kyrgyz of Dzhirgatal

The dermatoglyphic collection (84 male and 62 female handprints) was collected as part of a genetic-anthropological expedition to the Pamirs (1984). Palm prints were taken using the ink method. The collection was processed according to the method of H. Cummins and Ch. Midlo. Finger and palm patterns were studied. The Cummins index and delta index were calculated. Circular polygons of signs of dermatoglyphics were built and the values of the Caucasian-Mongoloid complex were calculated. Literary data were used for comparative analysis. Results and discussion. As a result of the study, data on the dermatoglyphics of the Kyrgyz of the village of Dzhirgatal were introduced into scientific circulation for the first time. Frequencies of finger and palmar patterns in the studied group are presented. It has been shown that bilateral and sex differences in dermatoglyphic signs reflect general distribution trends. Constructed on the basis of key dermatoglyphic features, the combination polygons for the male and female groups of the Kyrgyz of Dzhirgatal, on the whole, have a shape characteristic of the Mongoloids, while revealing features of both the South Siberian and Central Asian local races. Conclusion. The results obtained clearly demonstrate that skin patterns are a source of historical and biological information, and dermatoglyphics greatly support the data obtained by other methods in anthropology, showing its high value for anthropological analysis, which is a prerequisite for further analysis of the studied group in terms of racial diagnosis and search for associations signs of dermatoglyphics and other genetically determined systems.

THE ARCHAIC ELEMENTS OF THE KYRGYZ NATIONAL GAMES

Physical culture and sport as a product of certain historical conditions for the development of society, it is the sum of the historical results of human spiritual activity. In this study, is presented one of the oldest Turkish peoples and the background of the traditional sports of the Kyrgyz with a long history. Steppe is compatible with nomadic lifestyle, national will and according to qualifications horse riding, were many sports, including shooting and wrestling. Purpose of the research: natural conditions that reveal traditional sports, the factors that determine the practical character of sports, what are the pedagogical and socio-cultural benefits of the Kyrgyz people? Method of research; it is possible to examine with a few methods, but it is preferred to use the historical method. The limitation of the study: present Kyrgyzstan and their historical geographies. As a result, Kyrgyz, which is understood to be both intellectual and moral as well as physical, has taken part in all stages of traditional sports, social structure and life. There have been some add-ons and outputs according to the changes and developments of the era. The economic life is based on animal husbandry and becoming nomadic people, they live in steep natural conditions and climatic conditions, very frequent battles in the old world, etc., it has determined the style and demand of these sports. In practice, the Kyrgyz population have overcome all these difficulties and became strong military people. <p> </p><p><strong> Article visualizations:</strong></p><p><img src="/-counters-/edu_01/0783/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /></p>

The role and interaction of polymorphic variants of non-allelic genes ADIPOQ, MTHFR, PON1, KCNJ11, TCF7L2, ITLN1, PPARG in the increase in the risk of obesity in Kyrgyz Republic

Цель исследования - оценить вклад полиморфных вариантов g.15661G> T (ген ADIPOQ), p.A222V (ген MTHFR), p.Q192R (ген PON1), p.K23E (ген KCNJ11), g.53341C>T (ген TCF7L2), p.V109D (ген ITLN1) и p.P12A (ген PPARG) в развитие ожирения для лиц кыргызской национальности. Исследование было проведено по типу «случай-контроль» и включало 130 пациентов с ожирением (мужчин - 65 (50,0%), женщин - 65 (50,0%)). Группа сравнения - 115 человек без ожирения, метаболических нарушений и сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний в анамнезе (мужчин - 62 (53,9%), женщин - 53 (46,1%). Генотипирование осуществляли методом ПЦР-ПДРФ. Анализ межгенных взаимодействий проводился с использованием программы MDR 3.0.2. Маркерами развития ожирения в кыргызской популяции являются аллель V и генотип VV локуса p.A222V (MTHFR), а также аллель K и генотип KK локуса p.K23E (KCNJ11). При наличии генетического профиля AV (p.A222V, MTHFR) / EK (p.K23E, KCNJ11) вероятность развития ожирения возрастает более чем в 3 раза, ОШ=3,49, 95% ДИ=[1,44-8,45], p=0,001. In this study, we investigated whether polymorphisms g.15661G>T (ADIPOQ), p.A222V (MTHFR), p.Q192R (PON1), p.K23E (KCNJ11), g.53341C>T (TCF7L2), p.V109D (ITLN1) and p.P12A (PPARG) are associated with obesity in the Kyrgyz population. We genotyped 245 nonrelated adults Kyrgyz individuals. 130 patients (male - 65 (50,0%), female - 65 (50,0%) with obesity and 115 non-obese control subjects (male - 62 (53,9%), female - 53 (46,1%). Genotyping of single-nucleotide polymorphism was performed by PCR-RFLP method. Analysis of intergenic interactions conducted with MDR v.3.0.2 program. Тhe V allele and the VV genotype of the p.A222V locus (MTHFR), as well as the K allele and the KK genotype of the p.K23E locus (KCNJ11) increase risk of obesity in the Kyrgyz population. Subjects having the VV genotype of p.A222V locus (MTHFR) and KK genotype of the p.K23E locus (KCNJ11) had 3-fold [OR = 3,49 (1,44-8,45); p = 0,001] higher risk of developing compared with subjects carrying neither of these genotypes.

Constitutional Characteristics of Physical Development in the Kyrgyz Population

Personalized medicine is one of the priorities of the development of modern medical science. The aim of this study was to identify somatotypological features of physical development in men and women of the Kyrgyz population. The physical status of 1083 men and women in the Kyrgyz population (Osh, Kyrgyzstan) was studied by the method of complex anthropometry and somatotyping. The whole complex of the conducted anatomical and anthropometric examinations corresponded to generally accepted ethical standards, with the registration of informed consent from all the examined persons. The statistical analysis included the calculation of the arithmetic mean of the indicators of their mistakes. The differences were evaluated using the Student’s method at p<0.05. The results show that among women of youth and mature age, representatives of hypersthenic and normosthenic body types predominate; women of asthenic type are a minority (classification of M. V. Chernorutsky). Women of indeterminate somatotype (scheme of I. B. Galant et al.) belong either to the normal or hypersthenic type and never to the asthenic type. In men, the abdominal somatotype corresponds to a hypersthenic, thoracic-asthenic physique; men of the muscular type-mainly normosthenics; men of indeterminate type are both hypersthenics and normosthenics. The obtained data, undoubtedly, have not only theoretical, but also significant practical significance.

A surrogate FRAX model for the Kyrgyz Republic

Summary The hip fracture rates from Kazakhstan were used to create a surrogate FRAX® model for the Kyrgyz Republic. Introduction The International Society for Clinical Densitometry and International Osteoporosis Foundation recommend utilizing a surrogate FRAX model, based on the country-specific risk of death, and fracture data based on a country where fracture rates are considered to be representative of the index country. Objective This paper describes a surrogate FRAX model for the Kyrgyz Republic. Methods The FRAX model used the incidence of hip fracture from the neighbouring country of Kazakhstan and the death risk for the Kyrgyz Republic. Results Compared with the model for Kazakhstan, the surrogate model gave somewhat higher 10-year fracture probabilities for men between 60 and 80 years of age and lower probabilities for men above the age of 80. For women the probabilities were similar up to the age of 75–80 years and then lower. There were very close correlations in fracture probabilities between the surrogate and authentic models (1.00) so that the use of the Kyrgyz model had little impact on the rank order of risk. It was estimated that 2752 hip fractures arose in 2015 in individuals over the age of 50 years in the Kyrgyz Republic, with a predicted increase by 207% to 8435 in 2050. Conclusion The surrogate FRAX model for the Kyrgyz Republic provides the opportunity to determine fracture probability among the Kyrgyz population and help guide decisions about treatment.

Immunogenetic Indicators as Markers of Aggressive Flow and Efficiency of Basic Therapy in Rheumatoid Arthritis in Children

The immunological and immunogenetic features of juvenile rheumatoid arthritis in the Kyrgyz population are studied for the first time. The study was conducted in 30 healthy children and 67 patients aged 3 to 16 years. The method of rosette formation was used. Associative links were established in the systemic form of juvenile rheumatoid arthritis with histocompatibility antigens in the HLA Cw5, B12 system, and the B15, A2, A9 antigens with high activity of the process, early development of bone and cartilage destruction and functional impairments. In the first 6 months of disease, it recommended the appointment of an aggressive baseline therapy.