Intermediate Gas Feed in Bi- or Triphasic Gas–Liquid(–Liquid) Segmented Slug Flow Capillary Reactors

Segmented slug flow systems in capillaries have already shown good potential for process intensification, due to their symmetry in the characteristic flow pattern. However, several challenges remain in this technology. For instance, in gas-consuming reactions, like Aliq + Bgas→Cliq, the gas droplets shrink and may even disappear, limiting the conversions and throughputs of capillary reactor systems. To overcome such shortcomings, an intermediate gas feed was developed. In order to maintain the well-defined slug flow characteristics, it is necessary to introduce the gas rapidly and precisely, in small aliquots of <10 µL. This allows us to preserve the well-defined alternating triphasic slug flow. A miniaturized electrolysis cell, together with a flow-observing system, was thus devised and implemented successfully as an intermediate gas feed. Feeding a new gas droplet into an existing liquid–liquid segmented flow had a success rate of up to 99%, whereas refilling an existing gas droplet is often limited by a lack of coalescence. Here, only at low volumetric flows, 70% of the gas bubbles were refilled by coalescence.

ANALISA BENTUK PERMUKAAN PELAT PENYERAP SPONGE TERHADAP KINERJA SOLAR STILL DOUBLE SLOPE TIPE V

This study aims to determine the surface shape of the sponge absorbent plate to the performance of the solar still double slope type V. The surface shape of the sponge absorbent plate uses sponge models of triangles, fins, waves and flat with a thickness of 5 cm. experimental Tests methods use direct solar radiation and using sea water is used as raw material. The experiment produced 4,527 liters of condensate water with highest solar still efficiency of 50.14% using a sponge wave absorber plate with an area of 13,940.76 cm2. The Sea water disability to flow capillary to the surface of the absorbent plate affecting the performance of solar still.

THE STATE OF MICROCIRCULATION IN PATIENTS WITH VIBRATION DISEASE PROVIDING METABOLIC DISORDERS

Introduction. It is known that the work experience under the influence of vibration correlates with the incidence of metabolic syndrome (MS) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). Purpose: to study the state of microcirculation in vibration disease (VD) associated with the combined effects of local and general vibration complicated by DM or MS. Material and methods. A prospective cross-examination of the 38 VD men with I and II degree in combination with MS (group I) or DM (group II) study was conducted. The research of microcirculation indices was carried out on the laser analyzer “LAKK-01” on the skin of the second finger. Normalized values of the amplitudes of microcirculation oscillations, respectively, associated with endothelial (Ae/SD), neurogenic (An/SD), and myogenic (Am/SD) regulation of microvessels were determined. A comparison of quantitative indices was carried out using the Mann-Whitney test, the investigation of the relationship between signs - using Spearman correlation. Results. A statistically significant increase in An/SD was found in patients of group I. The decrease in Ae/SD in group II by 29.6% compared to the first group was at the level of p=0.05. The median Am/SD in both groups exceeded the upper reference level. Spastic type of microcirculation in VD+DM persons with was by 3 times more often, hyperemic - 1.68 times less often than in BD+MS, in 8% of cases there was a stagnant type microcirculation. 90% of all surveyed cases had venous stagnation. In patients with BD and MS, the type of microcirculation was in association with An/SD, an increase in Am/SD with a decrease Ae/SD. In persons with BD + DM Ae/SD is associated with the level of blood oxygen saturation and oxygen tissue consumption, the blood flow capillary reserve is associated with Am/SD. Conclusion. Microcirculation in BD+MS patients is characterized by partial safety of mutual regulatory influences between endothelial and myogenic modulations, decreased vascular tone due to myogenic and neurogenic mechanisms, the development of the hyperemic type. In patients with VD+DM polymorphic disorder of all types of modulations, an absence of mutually regulating associations between them, development of hyperemic, spastic and stagnant types was registered.

Normal function of the cardiovascular system

This chapter discusses normal function of the cardiovascular system, including cardiac physiology (the cardiac cycle, ECG, blood flow and heart sounds, control of cardiac output), vascular physiology (control of local blood flow, capillary transfer), integrated cardiovascular control,