Problems of development and economic evaluation of production of natural hydrocarbons on the offshore of the Arctic Seas

The purpose of this article is to substantiate taxation models that have contributed to an increase in the efficiency of offshore oil and gas fields that are at the stage of mature development in the harsh Arctic conditions. The development of Arctic fields under the current tax regime is on the verge of profitability. As an experiment, an economic assessment of the main economic indicators of the option for the development of the Prirazlomnoye field was carried out, taking into account various tax mechanisms used to assess the effectiveness of the development of offshore oil and gas fields. The calculation results showed that the application of the tax regime in force in Russia makes the development of the Prirazlomnoye field efficient, but with a relatively low profitability for the license holder. As an alternative, the tax mechanisms laid down in the production sharing agreements in China and Russia were used, which showed a high economic effect with a low level of risk. It can be concluded that the use of taxation models, which are similar in nature to a production sharing agreement, significantly increases the efficiency of the Prirazlomnoye field development, and can bring greater financial benefits to the license holder in comparison with the current tax regime in the Russian Federation.

PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM PEMEGANG LISENSI HAK CIPTA MENURUT UNDANG-UNDANG NOMOR 28 TAHUN 2014 TENTANG HAK CIPTA (Analisis Putusan Nomor 14/Pdt.Sus.Hki/Cipta/2018/Pn-Niaga Sby)

ABSTRACTThe main problem in this thesis is the rampant violations of cinematographic works by several parties illegally, such as what happened in the case in Decision Number 14 / Pdt.Sus.Hki / Cipta / 2018 / Pn-Niaga Sby which could harm a license holder of the work. . The purpose of this study was to determine the legal protection of copyright license holders from copyright infringement and to find out the basic analysis of the judges' considerations and decisions in the dispute of Decision Number 14 / Pdt.Sus.Hki / Cipta / 2018 / Pn-Niaga Sby.This research method uses a normative juridical approach. The juridical normative in this study has two sources of law, namely primary and secondary sources of law. The primary source of law refers to Act No. 28/2014, on the Copyright. The theory used in this research is the theory of legal protection and the theory of intellectual property rights.The results of this study indicate that the regulation regarding legal protection has been regulated in Act No. 28/2014, on the Copyright, the problems in the judge's decision in decision Number 14 / Pdt.Sus.Hki / Cipta / 2018 / Pn-Niaga Sby, the panel of judges rejecting the defendant's exception and granting the Plaintiff's Lawsuit. Some forms of evidence used in this case are a license agreement for the work which is the object of violation.Keywords: Legal Protection, Infringement, Copyright, License Holder.

Implementation of Social Forestry Policy: A Review of Community Access

The issuance of social forestry licence and the achievement of benefits to the community in the post-licensing stage are still obstacles and difficulties for the community which is demanding the community access. The research aims to analyze the access of the community of social forestry licence holders in the pre-licence and post-licensing stages through field studies in forest community of Beringin Jaya Lampung and people’s forest plantation of Hajran Jambi qualitatively. In the pre-licence stage, the two license holder communities have the same access to all members who will be involved, information, facilitator, and government authorities. In the post-licensing stage, Beringin Jaya community has higher access to all members, facilitator, information, knowledge, government authorities, capital, technology, programs/activities of agencies and local markets, compared to Hajran community. Access to these matters is carried out by the community and facilitated by facilitator by linking the community to those who control these matters –which are not adequately provided by social forestry policies– through processes, mechanisms and social relationships. Successful facilitation of access requires networked capacity among community members and networking with other parties outside the community. The high level of access and networking capacity of community to obtain benefits from the implementation of social forestry policies must be supported by the suitability of subject-objects in granting licence at the pre-licence stage and the availability of supporting infrastructure.

Drug recall procedure in United Kingdom and Australia: a regulatory overview

Recall occur as a consequence of the safety concerns over a manufacturing defect in a product that may harm its user. Due to their deficient quality, security or effectiveness, medicinal products are accused of being possibly dangerous to customers and may be subject to recall. A recall is defined as the process of recovering. A pharmaceutical product from the distribution chain due to product deficiencies, complaints of serious adverse reactions or corners that the product is or may be defective. The objective of study is to help identify the significance of the recall action and classification and focused on the prospective danger of the patient / consumer defect and, to understand the recall procedure in United Kingdom and Australia. The recall may either be conducted by the license holder or the manufacturer, or and the wholesale dealer. The evaluation should consist of checking the efficacy of the recall and investigating the justification for the recall as well as the remedial measures adopted to avoid the occurrence of the issue. The present work highlights the comparison of the recall procedure between United Kingdom and Australia.

A Narrative Review: The Use of the Topical NSAID Ibuprofen for the Treatment of Knee Osteoarthritis. Supporting Clinician Decision-Making in the First-Line Treatment of Osteoarthritis

A Narrative Review: The use of the topical nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) ibuprofen for the treatment of knee osteoarthritis. Supporting clinician decision-making in the first-line treatment of osteoarthritis. Objective: To open discussion at a clinical level on the guidelines for the pharmacological management of osteoarthritis of the knee, this narrative review looks into the use of topical NSAID being a clinically effective, safe, and cost-efficient treatment compared to an oral alternative. Background: With the over prescription of NSAIDs in the age of above 65 years, there has been a call for increased restrictions of the sale of oral preparations of NSAIDs. It is our view that there is still a lack of awareness in the benefit of topical NSAIDs to the patient (no evidence of adverse reactions recorded by the Joint Formulary Committee [JFC] to date) as well as provider (topical application is cheaper as a National Health Service [NHS] prescription). Methods: Key online resources included PubMed, Athens, Cochrane Library, Google Scholar, MEDLINE, and relevant clinical and commissioning guidelines with the final date of data collection in March 2017. We also contacted the manufacturer and license holder directly for further clarification. Randomized, double-blind control studies, commissioned reports, International Guidelines, MEHA Guidelines, and license holder data were included. Where possible studies included had to have fair randomization and adhere to key treatment pathways as highlighted by National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) and other guidelines. Discussion: Current guidelines advise that patients who seek initial treatment of osteoarthritis of the knee should consider a combination of treatment modalities, including pharmacological therapies, particularly the use of NSAIDs. At a clinical level, a reoccurring issue identified with this advice is the inappropriate use of oral NSAIDs, and the concern that the risks associated with ease of access (“over the counter”), and overuse, may result in systemic adverse events in this cohort of patients. Multiple studies have examined the negative effect of oral NSAIDs and the associated risks of use. We were unable to source studies that showed any adverse systemic events from the use of topical NSAIDs; however, there are good quality trials comparing oral to topical NSAIDs, showing similar levels of efficacy at 6 and 12 weeks. Conclusion: Topical NSAIDs provide good levels of pain relief in subjects with mild to moderate knee osteoarthritis. There is also evidence for the use of the topical application being a clinically effective, safe, and cost-efficient treatment.

Legal Consequences of Acquiring Company of Mining License Holder That Has Not Obtained Government Approval toward Mining License Transfer and Control

The objectives of this research are 1) to find out the legal consequences of acquiring company of mining license holder that has not obtained government approval toward mining license transfer and control, 2) to find out the legal liabilities of company that acquires company of mining license holder. This legal research applies the method of normative juridical legal approach. The data analysis technique employs qualitative analysis. The results of this research revealed that the acquirer actually does not have any legal liability to the acquired party unless the acquirer is indeed proven to have committed bad faith during and after the acquisition process which could harm other parties including third parties. Thus, the acquirer can be held directly liable through the court or other ways. Meanwhile, the legal liability of the acquired party is that they must carry out an administrative process to the relevant agencies namely the Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources, to fulfill the provisions referred to in Article 93 of the Mineral and Coal Law. The party that acquires the company of mining license holder has the same obligation as the acquired party. The acquirer must comply with the provisions in the form of obligations which are required to the mining license holder such as the provisions of Article 95 up to 112 of Mineral and Coal Law.

Practice of License to Open State Land in Balikpapan

This study aims to find out why the License to Open State Land can be the basis for land registration and to know the legal consequences on the sale and purchase of land objects based on the License to Open State Land. This research is done empirically juridically, that is by collecting data by researching and examining facts that exist in line with the observation in the field. Land issues in Indonesia are the responsibility of all parties involved, including the responsibilities of the central and local governments. The Local Government of Balikpapan City stipulates the IMTN regulation. The result of this research is the regional regulation aims to prevent and reduce the existence of land disputes by the orderly administration of land affairs. Land Acquisition License Can Become the Foundation for Land Land Registration because it is legally determined that the license holder can apply for a right to land within 3 years since the IMTN is issued. As a result of the Law on Sale and Purchase of Land Objects Based on the License to Open the Land of the State ie the agreement becomes null and void and the sale and purchase agreement is considered never existed.

IMPOR PARALEL DALAM HUKUM MEREK INDONESIA

Free trade begins with free movement of goods, services, and persons which give chance of importing goods, services, and persons from overseas freely come to Indonesia. Genuine importation in the same goods in a different markets region, will creating it’s own market. The differences of jurisdiction territory and barriers to entry will give opportunity to market participants selling their imports products competitively. Parallel Importation occur when importers bring their genuine products, together with the Licensee (license holder) selling their genuine products competitively-cheaper, in the same time (parallel), with the selling genuine product by Trademark Owner. Trademark protection have important roles on parallel importation, good comprehension of Trademark exploration rights and protection for related parties will avert market participants from business loss. For law enforcement authorities also able to resolve parallel import disputes in a fair way and truly based on Trademark Law.

ANALISIS PENYELESAIAN SENGKETA TERHADAP ANAK YANG MELAKUKAN WANPRESTASI DALAM PERJANJIAN SEWA MENYEWA ANTARA PEMILIK BANGUNAN DENGAN PT. INDOMARCO PRISMATAMA

Developments in the globalization era of business world engaged in the growing trade in Indonesia. This is the occurrence of agreements between interested parties and in the field of trade. In this case in Lampung Province licensing from PT. Indomarco Prismatama to Indomaret. In life in society, especially in business world, we see there are some Building Owner who do cooperation with Indomaret as license holder of PT. Indomarco Prismatama. This basic issue encourages the author to examine the lease agreement between the owners of the building with PT. Indomarco Prismatama. The problem in this research is “How is the settlement if one of the parties makes a default in the lease agreement between the owner of the building and PT. Indomarco Prismatama?”. Based on the results of the study it can be concluded that if the Second Party neglects to not fulfill its obligation to the agreed lease period of the compensation arrangement, then the Second Party is now also on time, i.e. in the event that the Second Party neglects its obligation to vacate the Building at the time of the Agreement The Lease Rents expire, then the Second Party hereby authorizes Substitution on the First Party now and for later.

PERLINDUNGAN HAK KEKAYAAN INTELEKTUAL TERHADAP TAS BERMEREK YANG DIIMPORT KE INDONESIA

Painstaking efforts and long process to make one product widely popular among the consumers force the producers to take an illegal short cut by doing a piracy or imitating a well-known brand. The damage is not only done to the license holder, but also to the consumers and the importing country. For the license holder, the practice will signi?cantly reduce the bene?t. The lower quality of the illegal product will also contribute to the decreasing image of the original products. This practice will make the consumers unsatis?ed, due to the product of lower quality, and it also reduces the revenue for the state. Legal protection for branded product, which are mostly imported, is badly in need, without denying the right of local producers to use the well-known branded in a good intention. Lamanya waktu yang dibutuhkan untuk menjadikan suatu merek terkenal secara luas dan dipergunakan oleh masyarakat, menjadikan beberapa produsen melakukan jalan pintas dengan menjalankan perilaku bisnis curang yaitu dengan melakukan “pembajakan” atau peniruan dari merek yang telah lama beredar di pasaran atau dapat disebut sebagai merek yang sudah terkenal. Adanya praktik curang ini, tidak hanya merugikan pemilik merek terkenal, akan tetapi masyarakat sebagai konsumen dan negara juga dirugikan. Bagi pemilik merek, kerugian yang dirasakan adalah menurunnya pendapatan, dan apabila kualitas dari barang dan jasa yang ditiru lebih rendah, maka akan menurunkan citra produk tersebut di mata konsumen. Bagi konsumen kerugian yang dideritanya adalah mutu barang yang rendah, sedangkan bagi negara kerugian yang timbul adalah berkurangnya penerimaan pajak. Perlindungan hukum yang memadai terhadap merek-merek terkenal,yang kebanyakan adalah merek terkenal dari luar negeri mutlak diperlukan, tanpa mengurangi hak pengusaha pribumi yang memiliki merek yang sama dengan merek terkenal tersebut yang menggunakannya dengan itikad baik.