TIPOLOGI TENDA SEBAGAI STUDI ARSITEKTUR PORTABEL

Architecture trends are continuously searching for a new design alternative. If architecture is dominated by a permanent structure in the last decades, the latest trend suggests temporal, ephemeral, and informal architecture to emerge as the other alternative. While the world becomes complex, these other spatial forms are in demand, resulting in various installations, pop-up stores, container architecture, and portable, temporal architecture constructed throughout the cityscape. Its portability, elasticity, and fluidity have offered different human activity transformations compared to permanent architecture. Tent, one of the most popular portable architecture, has been used for myriad human activities, although fewer researches are found regarding the typology of the tent, which is considered beneficial to understand its transformation. The qualitative interpretive method is used to understand the typology of the contemporary tent. The diagram is utilized as a tool to investigate its form, structure, and physical appearance. The research steps are drawing a diagram, pattern extraction, and pattern interpretation. The phases are elimination of tent’s elaboration and decoration, pattern structure extraction, pattern illustration. The result is tent typology diagram. The novelty is tent basic pattern extraction. Keywords: Architecture; Portable; Tend; Type; Typology. AbstrakLatar belakang penelitian adalah fenomena tren arsitektur dunia yang mulai mempertanyakan alternatif lain keruangan. Permasalahannya pada dekade terakhir arsitektur dunia didominasi oleh pemahaman ruang permanen pada makna arsitektur yang seolah bersifat absolut, padahal belakangan konsep-konsep keruangan temporal, ephemeral dan informal semakin dibutuhkan untuk mengisi stagnansi arsitektur permanen. Kebutuhan ruang portabel meningkat; hal ini terbukti dari tingginya permintaan akan: instalasi, paviliun, pop-up store, kontainer dan jenis keruangan lain yang lebih ringan, cair dan mudah dimodifikasi. Tenda adalah salah satu alternatif keruangan temporal yang telah berkembang sejak dulu kala, keunggulannya sebagai arsitektur portabel masih relevan di saat ini. Meski demikian, belum banyak perkembangan dan penelitian tenda yang berfokus pada tipe dan struktur untuk gaya hidup masa depan, sementara dominasi pengembangan tenda adalah untuk kebutuhan berkemah atau liburan saja. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menginvestigasi tipologi tenda sebagai arsitektur portabel Metode penelitian adalah tipologi arsitektur untuk mengangkat kualitas arsitektur tenda. Diagram arsitektur digunakan untuk menghasilkan ilustrasi yang dapat diinterpretasikan dalam memahami pola struktur tenda, Langkah penelitian sebagai berikut: 1) menggambar diagram keruangan; 2) mengekstraksi pola; 3) menginterpretasi pola. Tahapan penelitian disusun sebagai berikut: 1) Mengeliminasi elaborasi dan dekorasi tenda, 2) Mengekstraksi struktur tenda, 3) Menggambar pola. Hasilnya adalah diagram arsitektur tipologi tenda. Kebaruannya adalah ekstraksi pola dasar tenda sebagai arsitektur portabel.

Milady Součkovej prywatne archiwum pamięci (na podstawie opowiadania Rok šestašedesátý ze zbioru Neznámý člověk)

This article presents an analysis of one of the short stories authored by Czech writer – Milada Součková: the short story Rok šestašedesátý included in the collection entitled Neznámý člověk (published in 1962, written in 1943). The introduction addresses the issues related to the clarification of the concept of a memory archive and the concept of the archive itself. Its characteristics, i.e. a certain arrangement of the collection, its permanent structure and three essential aspects of archiving are indicated: searching, saving and storing. These aspects are also typical of the structure of the analysed prose authored by Milada Součková. The next part of the article (Neznámý člověk as a private archive of memory) pertains to the entire above-metioned volume of the stories whose characteristic motif is the motif of memory linked with space, time and history. In the further parts of the article, the author goes on to the structural and interpretative analysis of the story she is interested in. She draws attention to such aspects as memory figures, i.e. time and space, thematic associations, memory carriers and memory traces and places. In conclusion, she draws attention to three components of the Milada Součková’s private memory archive: the memory of the language, the memory of the father and the memory of the historical events taking place in 1866.

The First Decade of the BRICS Group: Evolution of the Cooperation Structure

This paper analyses the institutional development of the BRICS group throughout the first decade of its functioning, from 2009 to 2019. The evolution of the cooperation structure is studied through the analysis of the BRICS’ documents, such as multilateral declarations and communiqués, reports of state institutions of member countries, comments of the political leaders. The practical implementation of the agreements has been traced by studying the group’s reports and the online news archives of the mass media of the member states. The author proposes a periodisation of the BRICS structural development. 2009–2011 – the initial stage, the formation of the group’s structure. The key working mechanisms were formed at that stage. However, the first permanent institutions of BRICS were formed at the next stage, in 2012–2014, the stage of permanent structure formation for the group. Then, in 2015–2016, the group has undergone the stage of intensive structural diversification. And in 2017–2019, BRICS maintained this trend, but the key structural changes were related to the group’s joint contacts with the rest of the world. The structure of cooperation within BRICS has changed significantly during the decade. The group formed both non-institutionalised, but regular dialogue formats, and permanent institutions for cooperation. The system of the contacts between the member states covers all aspects of cooperation. At the same time, the group has not institutionalised as an international organisation and remained a forum. The reasons for this are the collective support of a non-integrating format and the divergence of the member states’ approaches to cooperation, which has also had its impact on the BRICS work.

Antigone’s Collective Body Myth and Rewritings in Sara Uribe’s Antígona González

In this article we will analyse the use of intertextuality in Sara Uribe’s Antígona González. From a theoretical point of view, we will focus on the relationship between Antígona González and both Sophocles’ myth and other European and Latin-American reinterpretations of it, trying to set the structural function of myth as a textual device, which tries to undermine its permanent structure. This specific use of myth will be therefore connected with the thematic dimension of Antigone’s body, in order to investigate the meaning of its collective re-use in the Mexican recontextualisation proposed by Uribe, together with all the esthetical, ethical and political implications derived from that.

Crossing Niagara (1846–51)

Ellet’s time at Niagara was packed with incident. He built a pulley system between the two shores, to which he attached an iron basket so as to transfer men, materials, and paying tourists across the chasm. He then used his swinging basket to build a temporary suspension bridge, built of wood and wire. The plan was to turn the temporary bridge into a permanent structure, but relations between Ellet and the Bridge Company quickly deteriorated. The company fired Ellet during one of his scheduled absences and took command of his bridge. Ellet’s agents subsequently retook the span, posting an armed guard and cannon at the bridge’s entrance. The standoff was eventually resolved through the courts. Ellet was paid off. John, who had avidly followed the whole episode and spent his time writing a series of articles for the press on a range of subjects, from the Atlantic Cable to a national university for technical education, was brought in.

Between Myth and Brand. Aspects of Myth in Marketing Communicatio

The article is aimed at presenting that the features of a myth (known from literature in the field of anthropology, semiotics, and cognitive science) are also present in marketing communication related to shaping the image of brands. However, they are used in a scattershot manner, as specific marketing messages usually use only certain selected features of a myth. The article shows techniques of brand mythologization by combining three features of myths (permanent structure of events, bricolage, counter-intuitiveness) with three possible ways of their application for marketing communication (modeling, export, import).

Defecation by the ctenophore Mnemiopsis leidyi occurs with an ultradian rhythm through a single transient anal pore

Defecation in the ctenophore Mnemiopsis leidyi is a stereotyped sequence of effector responses that occur with a regular ultradian rhythm. Time intervals between repeated defecations of individual animals depend on body size, ranging from ~10 min in small larvae to ~1 hr in large adults. New features and corrections of previous reports of the gastrovascular system during and between defecations are described in detail by video microscopy. Contrary to the scientific literature, the defecating organ of the excretory complex is just one of the two anal canals which possesses the animal’s only anal pore. The anal pore is not visible as a permanent structure as depicted in textbooks, but appears at defecation and disappears afterward. DIC microscopy reveals that opening and closing of the anal pore resemble a reversible ring of tissue fusion between apposed endodermal and ectodermal layers at the aboral end. Mnemiopsis thus appears to have an intermittent anus and therefore an intermittent through-gut that reoccur at regular intervals. The temporality of a visible anal pore in Mnemiopsis is novel, and may shed light on the evolution of a permanent anus and through-gut in animals. In addition, mirror image dimorphism of the diagonal anal complex occurs in larval ctenophores but not in adults, indicating developmental flexibility in diagonal symmetry of the anal complex.

The particularities of foreign policy’s implementation and EU leading states positions’ coordination

The article touches upon to investigation of the particularities of foreign policy’s implementation and the EU leading states positions’ coordination. The position of leading states politicians towards strengthening of EU security and defense sphere cooperation has been studied. The factor of Permanent structure cooperation (PESCO) creation and the rationale for its expediency has been underlined. The article deals with migration crisis in the EU, the reaction of the European politicians to this issue and the consequences that manifested in the elections to the Italian parliament. The reforms having support of the leaders of France, Germany and Italy have been analyzed. It is concluded that the leading EU member states such as France, Germany and Italy have to coordinate their policies for the successful functioning of the EU. These states are the most important economic powers of the European Union, and the economic success of the entire structure depends on the stability of their economies. However, other countries have their own specific views and, sometimes, are not ready to compromise. It is likely that actually the French ideas of creation of European securtity and defense autonomy might spring to life, taking into account the strengthening cooperation of France with Germany and Italy in this sphere. The leading partners of France are ready for serious partnership between their military-industrial enterprpises.

FRASA BAHASA ACEH

The study aims to describe the structure and the constituents of phrases, to describe the types of phrases, to explain the sense relation of the phrase constituents, and to illustrate the possibility of the Acehnese phrases to be placed in each syntactic function. This research is a qualitative descriptive research that focuses on phrase study on Acehnese. The written data is taken from primary school books, the spoken data is taken from local news of RRI Banda Aceh and folklore. The results show that there are uniqueness of the constituents which form the coordinative phrase constructions in which they are always related by conjunctions. Numeral phrases which are formed by numeral and noun always use classifier. The structure of noun phrases which is formed of noun and noun is permanent. It means that the position of the modifier is always behind main constituents. The structure of verbal phrases, adjectival phrases, numeral phrases, and pronominal phrases are not permanent. It means that the constituent that become a modifier can be placed before or after the main constituent. The prepositional phrase has a permanent structure. ABSTRAK Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memerikan struktur dan unsur pembentuk frasa, mendeskripsikan jenis frasa, menjelaskan hubungan makna antarunsur pembentuk frasa, dan menggambarkan kemungkinan frasa dalam bahasa Aceh untuk dapat menduduki setiap fungsi sintaksis. Penelitian ini termasuk dalam penelitian linguistik deskriptif kualitatif dengan memusatkan perhatiannya pada telaah frasa dalam bahasa Aceh. Sumber data tulis dalam penelitian ini berupa buku pelajaran tingkat sekolah dasar, sedangkan data lisan diambil dari berita daerah RRI stasiun Banda Aceh dan data dari cerita rakyat. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa ada keunikan dari unsur-unsur yang membentuk konstruksi frasa koordinatif, yaitu selalu dihubungkan oleh konjungsi. Frasa numeralia yang terbentuk atas konstituen numeralia dan nomina selalu menggunakan penggolong. Struktur frasa nomina yang terbentuk dari konstituen nomina dan nomina bersifat permanen. Artinya, posisi modifikator selalu di belakang konstituen inti. Frasa verba, frasa adjektiva, numeralia, dan frasa pronomina mempunyai struktur yang tidak permanen. Artinya, konstituen yang menjadi modifikator dapat berada di depan atau di belakang konstituen inti. Frasa preposisional mempunyai struktur yang permanen.