Hygienic Evaluation of Working Conditions of the Process of Mechanical Processing of PET Bottle

Polymer processing belongs to the category of hazardous industries and requires a deep and comprehensive analysis of the production environment from a hygienic point of view in order to minimize the negative impact on human health and components of the biosphere. The purpose of the study. It is important to study a set of adverse factors that affect employees in the process of processing polymer waste, to establish the relationship with the development of general and occupational diseases. Results and discussion. It has been established that the working conditions of the process of processing polymer waste have a combined effect on the body caused by a set of adverse production factors of different actions. The main ones are: dust in the air of the working area with polymer dust with mixed and unstable composition over time, noise, cooling microclimate, difficulty of work. The excess of maximum permissible concentration for dust load on the body of workers in the process of mechanical processing of PPV is from 1.35 times to 1.74 times, at the workplaces of the baler and shredder and unloading-packing operator (working conditions class 3.1). Exceedance of the sound pressure level in the range from 2 dBA to 15 dBA was recorded at all workplaces (working conditions class 3.2). The parameters of the microclimate at all workplaces, except for the forklift operator, belong to the harmful class of working conditions 3.1. According to the severity of the labor process, the working conditions of employees vary from allowable 2 (operator of the technological process) to harmful 3.2 (baler and shredder operator). In terms of intensity, the working conditions of all employees belong to harmful class 3.2, due to the significant noise load, which prevents the capture and transmission of information between participants in the processing process, as well as timely receipt of audio signals from the process operator and equipment. Mostly working conditions of employees in the process of processing PPV mixtures belong to class 3.2, except for the forklift operator (class 3.4). As for the integrated assessment, according to the hygienic classification, working conditions of operators of unloading-packing, crushing, technological process and baler are evaluated according to class 3.2, and the truck operator - 3.4 according to state sanitary rules and regulations "Hygienic classification of labor according to the indicators of harmfulness and danger and the intensity of the labor process" (order of the Ministry of Health dated 08.04.2014 No.248,), which can lead to the development of work-related diseases

POTENTIAL ANALYSIS OF ADDITIVE LAYER MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGIES USED FOR PROCESSING POLYMER COMPONENTS

In previous years, the usage of additive layer processing grew considerably. Different companies, including motor cars, aerospace, equipment, communications and medical devices utilize additional layer production. However, at present, processed additive layer products comprise less than one percent of all items manufactured. If the prices of additive layer processing systems decline, the manner in which customers communicate with suppliers will be modified. Additional development layer innovations provide the market and culture with different possibilities. It will make the personalized development of strong lightweight goods simpler, and prototypes that with past manufacturing techniques were not feasible. However, the application of this device may be hampered and delayed by numerous obstacles. Many situations require higher costs than conventional approaches for making a component utilizing additive layer production techniques. This study reviews the cost literature for the development of additive layer and attempts to recognize situations in which additive production may be cost-effective and also to identify new methods of minimizing costs in the usage of this technology

Torsional strength tests of spline connections made of polymer materials (Rapid communication)

This work is a continuation of the publication [1], in which the torsional strength tests of samples made of polymer materials, loaded with torsional moment, which more and more often can be made with the use of incremental technologies, were carried out. The designed proprietary test stand, which was described in the publication [1], was used. A series of preliminary studies on the torsion of fittings with spline connections obtained using additive techniques were carried out. It was found, that a additive technologies have a clear impact on the torsional strength of the tested machine components, including the placement of the prototype relative to the 3D printing plane or the method of processing polymer material.

SWOT-assessment of recycling materials for cheap explosives used in the development of fields in the Russian Arctic zone

The recycling potential is being actualized due to the trends in the production and use of powder and liquid combustible materials from the waste of a mining enterprise in the production cycle of mining, enrichment and processing (polymer packaging and containers of explosives, large tires and rubber products during the operation of mining vehicles, coal powder and coke breeze during enrichment and coking of coal, waste oil products during the operation of vehicles and mechanization equipment). In the material under consideration, a SWOT analysis of the possibility of using the recycling technology of materials in the manufacture of the simplest explosives in the northern and arctic regions of Russia is carried out, including consideration of geological, natural, climatic, economic-geographical, environmental, technological and technical aspects. On the basis of the presented detailing of the indicators of the considered aspects of the SWOT analysis, their role is shown and the value is highlighted when using the technology of recycling materials for the simplest explosives in the development of medium and small deposits. The possibility of obtaining recycled material used for the manufacture of the simplest explosives at mining enterprises from alternative manufacturers is shown.

Educational and scientifi c "Center for Additive Polymer Technologies" - cooperation of the Department of HCCI and PC with TOTALZED LLC (TOTAL-Z)

The issues of molding products from polymer materials and composites using additive technologies (ADT), which are one of the modern trends in the technology of processing polymer materials and composites into products with complex geometry of various standard sizes, are considered. It is shown that the creation of ADT is a complex scientifi c and technical task. The data on TOTAL-Z LLC, the Russian manufacturer of 3D-printers, and model range of printers are presented. The role of RTU MIREA’s Department of Chemistry and Technology of Plastics and Polymer Composites Processing, together with TOTAL-Z LLC, in the organization of the first educational and scientific center for additive polymer technologies, training and development of additive technologies is shown.

PROCESSING POLYMER MATERIALS BY FREE CASTING UNDER VACUUM

To date there are a large number of methods for processing polymer materials, both thermoplastics and thermosets. However, most of them are appropriate only for large-scale or mass production of polymer products, while in modern conditions there is a tendency to produce small batches of products of complex configuration. One of the universal methods of processing polymer materials in small-scale production is the molding of products by injection molding without pressure in a vacuum. This process integrates in a single technological cycle of the synthesis of the polymer and its processing. It is suitable for processing most thermosets, as well as for some thermoplastic polymers. In addition to the processing of polymers, this method allows the manufacture of polymer-filled and super-filled composite materials. This work is devoted to a review of the method of free casting in vacuum into elastic forms. The materials used for processing by this method are considered. The materials required for the manufacture of elastic forms are presented. The main stages of the technological process of manufacturing polymer products by this method are described.

Development and investigation of device for processing polymer materials by 3D-printing method

The analysis of the current state of 3d industry and prospects for its future. In the work, calculations were made and graphs of dependence were obtained, which influence the work of the auger and the installation itself. A new method of printing parts with polymer granules is described and the principle of operation of the equipment used is described. The picture of the working installation with the main components and the method of its attachment on a 3D printer is presented. The heating modes of the extruder itself are simulated and a thermal diagram of the device is shown, which accurately displays the temperature distribution across the sections.