Traditional Culture: “Small” Wooden Temples of the Russian North

Wooden chapels are a bright and typical phenomenon of the traditional culture. The chapels were non-altar temples of a small peasant parish, which retained their independence, providing a special atmosphere for performing rituals. The work examines the reasons for setting chapels according to historical and typological characteristics and the specifics of the formation of their architectural and structural features. The empirical base of the research was the material of 36 architectural and ethnographic expeditions, archival and museum sources of the Arkhangelsk and Vologda regions, Karelia, Moscow, St. Petersburg, NAO.

What we do in the Shadows... Rapports de force/rapports de France dans quelques romans de Jean-Christophe Grangé

Middlebrow author, Jean-Christophe Grangé is little studied as such, but his novels (widely read) nonetheless draw a strange map of France: the police, the seat and visible embodiment of official power, is regularly overwhelmed by a shifting and disparate sects, camarillas, more or less occult organizations or all-powerful paramilitary groups, in line with the apocalyptic thought of the illuminists of the eighteenth century.The France of the balance of power is fantastically present, crisscrossed at full speed by movements precisely described and timed, but totally improbable by their very ease.There is therefore realism - the Brittany of Lontano, the rue Goujon de Miserere, the cathedral Notre-Dame du Serment des Limbes... and at the same time immersed in a “liquidity” of actions and journeys which properly belong to the dream. Spectrography of an overexposed unreality, Grangé's romantic universe could be summed up by the leitmotif that runs through most of the meetings and exchanges, like an isotopy: “I'll be there in less than an hour”. This curialized “power” of the sects of the bizarre, of the hellish returns of the past, of the ill-liquidated ghosts of (de) colonization is embodied in several figures of Evil, serial killers or sorcerer's apprentices (La forêt des mânes) which never ceases. to undermine the official instruments of democracy. The juxtaposition of the licit and the paranormal, the realistic and the wacky, creates the special atmosphere of this universe where the swarming and deadly “below” undermines and corrupts more and more the orderly and brilliant “above” of social norms, and where savagery winds infinitely in the signs of modernity.

Abkhazia for tourists. Letters, postcards, photo cards

The article presents a brief outline of the life of Ye. B. Narbut, a collector of postcards and photo-postcards with views of the sights of Abkhazia — Sukhumi, New Athos, Pitsunda, Gagra, etc. The short texts written from Abkhazia not only convey the special atmosphere of holidays; they contain details that play an important role in the restoration of the general panorama of the life of Abkhazia in the second half of the 20th century.

Stimulating students’ cognitive activity by means of interactive lectures in a museum environment

Considering the innovative interest of society in competent specialists, Higher Education strives to meet these needs by positioning introduction of interactive learning dynamic application in educational process as one of the forms of cognitive activity organisation. An illustrated lec-ture, a binary lecture, a consultation lecture and a conference were used in the study as priority means of cognitive activity stimulation. In doing so, we relied on the ideas of museum pedagogy as one of the important conditions of creating dialogicity, searching activity, team interaction and social experience. While conducting the abovementioned lectures in a museum environment, the special atmosphere is being created, which encourages fruitful work with historical sources, receiving information through exhibits, positive communicative environment aimed at initiating cognitive interest and activity, creativity, students’ independence in the knowledge assimilation, practical application of skills and abilities. All these, as our research has shown, contribute to the increase of the students’ cognitive ac-tivity stimulation levels.

Key Ideas of Methodological Heritage of T. A. Ladyzhenskaya

In this paper, the methodical system of T. A. Ladyzhenskaya is characterised with the purpose of identifying her most significant and productive ideas. This goal is achieved by analyzing and generalizing the main works of T. A. Ladyzhenskaya, as well as publications describing her contribution to the methodology of speech development. The key methodological concepts include the following: rhetoric is an integrative field and a culture-forming subject that needs to be taught to everyone; in the teaching of speech, an essential role is played by moral and rhetorical ideas and the special atmosphere of verbal communication; speech training requires the creation of texts of various genres and involves instrumental knowledge, including the information about a variety of communication tools; speech education should be comprehensive, starting from kindergarten, covering all school subjects and to mastering various professional speech genres at university and postgraduate education. These ideas reflect the methodological system of T. A. Ladyzhenskaya and determine the ever-growing relevance and demand of the concept of «Rhetoric of communication» in the twenty-first century.

The Image of I. A. Bunin in the Memoir Prose of Irina Odoevtseva (Based on the Memoir “Na beregakh Seny”)

Irina Odoevtseva’s emigration began in 1922, permanently deleting the poet from Russian literature. In emigration, she stopped writing poems and turned to prose. Mainly, her memoir work brought her fame. The memoirs “Na beregakh Seny” are dedicated to the memories writers and poets of the Russian emigration, but a special place among them is occupied by I. A. Bunin. It was his criticism that Odoevtseva considered the most valuable and it was from him that she received approval as a prose writer. Thanks in large part to his comments and observations, she improved her writing skills. Moreover, the author-memoirist managed to get the location of Bunin. He repeatedly noted Odoevtseva’s ability to listen to him with genuine attention and interest. This impressed the writer and made him want to share his thoughts. Irina Odoevtseva’s femininity, diplomacy and sincerity allowed her to maintain good relations with Bunin throughout her life. So, the most significant event of emigration for Odoevtseva becomes acquaintance with Bunin. The memoirist does not tell about each meeting in chronological order: it captures the most striking key moments. The poet admired the extraordinary and rare talent of the writer. Behind the mask of arrogance and arrogance, Odoevtseva was able to discern the best human qualities in him. She saw her task as bringing her contemporaries and descendants at least a little closer to Bunin’s greatness. According to the memoirist, he was such a multiaceted personality that no one could give an exhaustive description of his image. Being a poet and prose writer, she learned Bunin mainly as an author-Creator. But the main thing in Irina Odoevtseva’s observations is that this image extended to Bunin’s life as a whole. This was expressed in the way he saw the world, how he spoke and reminisced about his childhood and youth. Even the most mundane story told by Bunin became a small work of art. The writer did not just tell, but showed what he was talking about. He, like no one else, felt and understood nature subtly and sensitively, and his presence always created a special atmosphere. This, according to Odoevtseva, made him an extraordinary and unique person, and that is why it was so important for her to get to know the real Ivan Bunin and capture his multi-faceted image.

Perceptual images in camp prose and its English translation

The paper focuses on the key images of perception of the novel “Krutoy marshrut” by E. Ginzburg and its English translation “Journey into the Whirlwind” by P. Stevenson and M. Hayward. It is noted that one important way to describe the special atmosphere in the so-called “camp prose” is the perceptual vocabulary, a means of depicting impressions and relat-ed experiences. The leading channels of perception, actualized in the Ginzburg’s work, are auditory and olfactory. Sounds and smells receive the additional semantic load in the text. They act as markers of the borderline of prison’s and “worldly” spaces, signals of changes in the heroine’s physical or emotional state (they are often precursors of violence), a source of important information (most often it is knocking), a means of updating the mode of memories (the smells are mainly used for this purpose). The linguistic means of expressing perceptual images is the hearing and smell vocabulary (loud and tiny sounds, knock, roar, clang, screech, scream, ringing, silence, etc.; stink, smell, fragrance, etc.) and detailed metaphors (zoomorphic, natural, musical), often based on the syncretism of perception (sound, smell, vi-sion). The English translation analysis indicates a rather high degree of equivalence in the perceptual imagery transmission, with replacement or transformation of the most important images not excluded. The study showed interpreting and transmitting the author’s metaphors and syncretic (audio-olfactory and visual-audio) images to be the most difficult for transla-tion. The transformations used by the translators are necessary for the English-speaking read-er’s understanding of the complex perceptual images of the confessional novel.

Ukrainian in Russian Context: Pattern, Folklore and Ethnic Symbols (on the Exsples of Epigraphes in "The Fair at Sorochyntsi" of N.V. Gogol)

In this article, from the linguistic and ethnoculturological points of view are analyzed Ukrainian texts of epigraphs in «The Fair at Sorochyntsi» by N.V. Gogol, included in the Russian-language prose, which is an integral part of Russian literature, culture and history. Purpose of the article: This work is an attempt to interpret Ukrainian conceptual symbols, images and metaphors used by the author to create a special atmosphere of Ukrainian identity. Methods: In the study the methods of contextual-pragmatic and lexical analysis are used. In particular, the subject of our study is the Ukrainian texts of the epigraphs to each of the chapters of the above-mentioned literary work, which, due to insufficient knowledge of the Ukrainian cultural context, are far from always deeply understood by the Russian reader and do not always evoke the same associative series as the bearer of the Ukrainian worldview, although close to the Russian one, but still significantly different from it. Results: As a result of the study it is possible to state, that here we deal with the problem of the difference in the cultural perception and understanding the original significance, laid down by N. Gogol in the text and the meaning of his work. It is concluded that the analyzed text of Gogol demonstrates not only the cultural similarity of the two peoples, but, which seems to be more important, the differences in the worldview and way of life of Ukrainians and Russians. The epigraphs in Ukrainian cited by the writer at the beginning of the each chapter serve as a kind of «textual marker», which helps the reader to delve deeper into the content of the text and try to understand not only explicit meaning but also implicit senses implied by the author in its structure.

Designing a Comfortable Educational Environment

Introduction. The problem of maintaining the physical health of teachers in educational organizations is discussed in the article in the context of professional “burnout” and conflict prevention. Research methodology. When studying the content and essence of a comfortable educational environment, we were interested in the works that provided for an understanding of the nature of human interaction and reflected the interdependence and communication style of people in direct contact with each other. Research results. The most important factor of external and internal order, determining the content, direction and intensity of work activity, has always been a special atmosphere in the team, which in scientific and social discourse was defined by various terms such as: “microclimate”, “moral and psychological microclimate”, “sociological microclimate”, “comfortable educational environment”. Discussion. Designing refers to the category of innovative creative activity, since it primarily involves a purposeful transformation of reality, the need for which arises whenever there is an awareness of the necessity to move to a prognostic model of an educational or upbringing system. The main purpose of such “educational changes” consists in the possibility for a person himself/herself to learn and self-change during life, to apply knowledge in solving professional tasks. Conclusion. The term “comfortable educational environment" is used to denote a special atmosphere in the team that determines the content, direction and intensity of work activity and manifests itself in such group effects as team members’ mood and opinion, individual well-being, assessment of the person’s living and working conditions in the team. This special atmosphere is regarded on the whole as a result of people’s joint activity, their interpersonal interaction.