Ecological dynamics of the gut microbiome in response to dietary fiber

Dietary fibers are generally thought to benefit intestinal health. Their impacts on the composition and metabolic function of the gut microbiome, however, vary greatly across individuals. Previous research showed that each individual's response to fibers depends on their baseline gut microbiome, but the ecology driving microbiota remodeling during fiber intake remained unclear. Here, we studied the long-term dynamics of gut microbiome and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in isogenic mice with distinct microbiota baselines fed with the fermentable fiber inulin compared to the non-fermentable fiber cellulose. We found that inulin produced generally rapid response followed by gradual stabilization to new equilibria, and those dynamics were baseline-dependent. We parameterized an ecology model from the timeseries data, which revealed a group of bacteria whose growth significantly increases in response to inulin. and whose baseline abundance and interspecies competition explains the baseline-dependence of microbiome density and community composition dynamics. Fecal levels of of SCFAs, such as propionate, is associated with the abundance of inulin responders, yet inter-individual variation of gut microbiome impedes the prediction of SCFAs by machine learning models. Finally, we showed that our methods and major findings are generalizable to dietary resistant starch. This study emphasizes the importance of ecological modeling to understand microbiome responses to dietary changes and the need for personalized interventions.

Dynamics of the network of evacuation hospitals in Novosibirsk Region during the Great Patriotic War

The subject of this research is the dynamics of the network of evacuation hospitals that were formed and operated in Novosibirsk Region. The relevance of this topic is substantiated. Analysis is conducted on the available information on this topic in the scientific and local literature. Leaning on the archival materials, the author traces the formation, displacement, and dissolution of evacuation hospitals located on the territory of Novosibirsk Region in its modern borders. Description is given to the fundamental changes in the network of evacuation hospitals: dynamics in the number of hospital beds, and specialization of the evacuation hospitals. The dependence of changes in the network of evacuation hospitals in the region on the role and place assigned by the highest military sanitary administration to homefront hospitals overall. The novelty of this work lies in determination of the key stages in the dynamics of the network of evacuation hospitals based on the detailed tracking of changes. The first stage (July – October 1941) is characterized by expansion of the network of evacuation hospitals due to the local formations. The second stage (October 1941 – April 1942) is associated with violent fluctuations, substantiated by the rapidly changing situation at the front and, and thus, transformation of the views of the military medical administration upon on the role and place of the homefront hospitals, including Novosibirsk Region. The third stage covers the period from April 1942 up until Victory, marking gradual stabilization of the network of evacuation hospitals in Novosibirsk Region. They filled their niche by rendering medical aid to the wounded with long treatment periods, which justified the evacuation of the wounded from the front to remote Siberian hospitals.

Recurrence analysis of innovation behavior of bitcoin market agents in conditions of COVID-19

The relevance of the research subject is explained by a fundamental change in the conditions of existence and development of agents of the digital economy, limited knowledge about their behavior under conditions of quarantine restrictions. The aim of the research is to study the series of the dynamics of the price of bitcoin and the frequency of online requests for bitcoin as an indicator of the behavior of agents of the digital economy using the methods of qualitative recurrent analysis. The types of constructed time series plots of the price of bitcoin and the frequency of requests for bitcoin are defined as drift with a superimposed linearly gradually increasing sequence, which indicates the unpredictability of the behavior of digital economy agents with a gradual stabilization in new quality trend. The scientific novelty of the research results lies in the proven connection between the series of bitcoin price dynamics and the frequency of online requests for bitcoin, tracking changes in the behavior of digital economy agents before and after the introduction of quarantine restrictions. The procedure for conducting a qualitative recurrence analysis of the series of dynamics is generalized, which takes into account the specifics of the formation of the frequency of online requests for bitcoin, the price and the behavioral aspect of its formation. The practical value lies in defining the characterization of the behavior model of digital economy agents under conditions of quarantine restrictions. The behavior of digital economy agents in the context of COVID-2019 requires further research, in particular, using cross-recurrent analysis methods.

PEDAGOGICAL AND NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF PRISONER CREATIVITY

Detention in a prison is the isolation of an individual from society, placing him in an isolated space, where the punishment is not only the lack of contact with family or loved ones, but also being with other - often not easy in coexistence - prisoners. The reduced level of external stimuli makes internal life (experiences, emotions) a priority. Undertaking any creative activity reduces a prisoner’s concentration on the matter of isolation and any health problems and issues: real or imaginary. This process counteracts chaos and contributes to a gradual stabilization of the emotional system. Creative activity, by strengthening emotional stability, helps the regaining of balance and influences the prisoner’s adaptation to the life situation in which he finds himself. The initiation of creative activity by prisoners promotes the reintegration of the individual and social (here including cultural) self. The first part of this article will explain why introducing the arts is not only desirable, but natural given the setting, and inmates’ propensity for creative expression. The next part will present the examples of unstructured and structured programs developed for the creative revalidation of prisoners. Studies have revealed that undertaking creative activity on the part of prisoners plays an important role in the proces of revalidation. At the same time, analysis of works of art produced by prisoners gives an insight into the neuropsychological mechanisms of creation and provides important information for planning therapeutic programs.

THE EU ESDP MISSIONS IN THE WESTERN BALKANS

What today increasingly tends to be characterized as the growing unity and identity of the continent of Europe is a consequence of developments and events at the end of the twentieth century. Until then, for Europe (and for today’s EU member states) more distinctions, antagonisms and different interests were characteristic than the common objectives or the common spirit of a common security policy and co-operation. The ESDP is a unique EU project that belongs to the second pillar of the EU, and aims, based on military and civil capabilities, to manage the various crises in the region and beyond and to have a diplomatic role in managing the economic, political and military crises. In the Western Balkans, the ESDP was politically and militarily engaged. In this context, the ESDP mission would be seen as a positive mission. Until today, six missions of the European security and defense policy in Macedonia, Bosnia and Herzegovina and Kosovo have been made, of which one military and two civilians. Operation Concordia in Macedonia was undoubtedly the first NATO military mission under the EU/ESDP leadership in the framework of the “Berlin Plus” Agreement. Mission “Proxima” as a continuation of the mission “Concordia” was a civilian mission within the Macedonian police to support this and focus on the fight against organized crime. Mission “Proxima” continued to focus on the gradual stabilization of the country. In Bosnia and Hercegovina, under the EU-ESDP umbrella were two missions, a military one under the name “EUDOR -Althea” and one police mission under the name EUPM. Both the police and military missions were succeeding NATO missions. This agreement and the story of ESDP were the results of the BERLIN plus agreement. Finally, the EU-ESDP is represented with a mission in Kosovo as an agreement between UNMIK-NATO-EU/ESDP. The EULEX mission (deployment) is a civilian mission whose main purpose is to assist and support Kosovo's authorities in rule of law, especially in the police, judiciary and customs field. This is a technical mission that will monitor, instruct and advise while retaining a limited number of executive powers. EULEX acts in a general framework of United Resolution 1244 and has a unified chain of command in Brussels.

POLITICAL COMPONENT IN THE CONFLICTIZATION OF INTERCONFESSIONAL RELATIONS IN UKRAINE

The article identifies the place and role of the political component in the conflictization of interconfessional relations in Ukraine by taking into consideration that the network of religious organizations in our country is one of the largest on the European continent. Particular attention is paid to the analysis of the political component in the conflictization of interconfessional relations in Ukrainian Orthodoxy. During more than thousand years the Orthodoxy, despite the conflicts between the churches and their believers in past and present is still the most widespread Christian confession in Ukraine. Moreover, it saved a tendency to the inner unity, including creation of the Local Orthodox Church of Ukraine (OCU). Obtaining by the Orthodox Church of Ukraine on January 6, 2019 from the Ecumenical Patriarchate the Thomas was an important step in founding of independent and competent national church. This is also evidenced by the fact that during the first year of existing of the OCU the number of its parishes increase up to 7,000, not less important is the fact that three churches: The Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople, the Hellenic Church and the Patriarchate of Alexandria recognized the OCU and this already testifies its international acceptance as the part of Orthodoxy. Undoubtedly, the Russian occupation of Crimea and Putin's war in Donbas and the support of these shameful actions by the Russian Orthodox Church (ROC) and its Ukrainian branch, the Ukrainian Orthodox Church of the Moscow Patriarchate (UOC MP) served to the political choices and self-identification of a big part of Ukrainian believers and it gives hope for the gradual stabilization (deconflictization) of interconfessional relations in the Ukrainian Orthodoxy.

The Treatment-Resistant of Schizophrenia Shows the Granulocytopenia, Became to be prescribed theClozapine because of Stabilization of Cite Number after Administration of Non-Convulsive Electric Shock

In a former report, we observed the possibility that the non-convulsive electric shock administration may contribute the stability of granulocytes number of the patients receiving clozapine [1].The instability and most critical drug side-effect [2]. We have an idea about the drug accumulated experiences of combined therapy. Moreover investigated the transitions of granulocytes number in eachcase. As per observations the gradual stabilization of cites number has been becoming apparent on thecurrent of therapy. In this report describes the passage of stabilization, the patient’s shows thegranulocytopenia before dosing of clozapine.