scholarly journals Dynamics of the network of evacuation hospitals in Novosibirsk Region during the Great Patriotic War

2021 ◽  
pp. 36-46
Author(s):  
Mikhail Aleksandrovich Semenov
Keyword(s):  
Second Stage ◽  
Novosibirsk Region ◽  
Local Literature ◽  
Third Stage ◽  
Great Patriotic War ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Available Information ◽  
The Military ◽  
Gradual Stabilization

The subject of this research is the dynamics of the network of evacuation hospitals that were formed and operated in Novosibirsk Region. The relevance of this topic is substantiated. Analysis is conducted on the available information on this topic in the scientific and local literature. Leaning on the archival materials, the author traces the formation, displacement, and dissolution of evacuation hospitals located on the territory of Novosibirsk Region in its modern borders. Description is given to the fundamental changes in the network of evacuation hospitals: dynamics in the number of hospital beds, and specialization of the evacuation hospitals. The dependence of changes in the network of evacuation hospitals in the region on the role and place assigned by the highest military sanitary administration to homefront hospitals overall. The novelty of this work lies in determination of the key stages in the dynamics of the network of evacuation hospitals based on the detailed tracking of changes. The first stage (July – October 1941) is characterized by expansion of the network of evacuation hospitals due to the local formations. The second stage (October 1941 – April 1942) is associated with violent fluctuations, substantiated by the rapidly changing situation at the front and, and thus, transformation of the views of the military medical administration upon on the role and place of the homefront hospitals, including Novosibirsk Region. The third stage covers the period from April 1942 up until Victory, marking gradual stabilization of the network of evacuation hospitals in Novosibirsk Region. They filled their niche by rendering medical aid to the wounded with long treatment periods, which justified the evacuation of the wounded from the front to remote Siberian hospitals.

scholarly journals Theoretical justification of pedagogical situations cognitive modeling

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 245-247
Author(s):  
Alsu Raufovna Kamaleeva ◽  
Svetlana Yurevna Gruzkova
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Modeling ◽  
Cognitive Model ◽  
Cognitive Map ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Theoretical Justification ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
The Third ◽  
Third Stage ◽  
Major Factors

The following paper deals with the application of methodology of pedagogical situations cognitive modeling, which is considered by the authors as a process consisting of six consecutive and interconnected stages. The first stage is a formulation of the purpose and the corresponding tasks. The second stage provides collecting, systematization and analysis of a pedagogical situation with the subsequent allocation of the major factors influencing development of the situation and determination of interrelation between them, i.e. creation of a cognitive map. At the third stage a focused count is created as a result of accounting of the cause and effect chains reflecting the system of interaction between the educational process subjects and allowing to form a pedagogical theory on the basis of basic person study categories: consciousness, thinking, knowledge, understanding, etc. The fourth stage assumes combination of the cognitive map and the focused count in a uniform cognitive model of the studied pedagogical situation. The fifth stage is focused on a real pedagogical situation cognitive model adequacy check i.e. on its verification. The last sixth stage allows to define possible options of a pedagogical situation development by a cognitive model, to find ways and mechanisms of a situation impact.

scholarly journals Investigation of Complex Structural Designing of Mobile Facilities for Shipbuilding in Lithuanian Sea Region

Mechanika ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 237-243
Author(s):  
Tadas ASTRAUSKAS ◽  
Michail SAMOFALOV
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Analysis ◽  
Longitudinal Direction ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Climatological Data ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Third Stage ◽  
Calculation Results ◽  
Complex Structural ◽  
Mobile Facilities

In the paper, it is proposed to cover by a mobile moving facility the shipyard open site, in Klaipeda, Lithuania (the EU). The facility of 40 m span consists of transversal frames, which are arranged by the step of 6.0 m, and a system of braces. Two types of steel frames have been considered: trussed and continuous. The actions are specified according to the design codes (Eurocode 3) and climatological data. In dynamic analysis, the longitudinal direction is defined for an inertia action, simulating braking. For calculating, a special algorithm of three stages has been prepared. At the first stage, three calculation schemes of one transversal frame were created. For the proposed schemes of the mobile moving facility, the calculation of only a transversal frame is effective in the preliminary determination of the cross-sectional areas and of the total structural weight. At the second stage, the frames were joined by braces. A preliminary comparison of the calculation results of the models was carried out after the first and second stages of the analysis. At the third stage, the dynamic analysis was performed and the influence of the dynamic impact was estimated. Finally, we compared the calculation results of three different FEM models and chose the most appropriate one. To sum up the investigations, conclusions and recommendations are presented.

scholarly journals ABOUT CAPITAL TURNOVER AND THE METHODOLOGY OF ITS ANALYSIS

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-67
Author(s):  
Rositsa Ivanova
Keyword(s):  
Financial Risk ◽  
Material Resources ◽  
Industrial Enterprises ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Economic Practice ◽  
Tangible Assets ◽  
Third Stage ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Commodity Form

Capital turnover is constantly repeating process of capital transformation from one to another form and turning it in its initial form. This process comprises capital advance for acquisition of production means and manpower, the use of the resources in the production of finished goods, sale of finished goods, and the return of capital in its original form.We will study the capital turnover with view of the stages of its movement. During the first stage, the capital is transformed from monetary into product form, as production means (long-term tangible assets and material resources) and manpower that are required for the enterprise’s business. The second stage – the stage of the production process, capital is transformed from one commodity form (production resources) in another commodity form (finished goods). During the third stage, the capital is transformed from commodity to monetary form, i.e. it recovers its original form.The issue of capital turnover is topical at all phases and stages of enterprise’s development. The acceleration of capital turnover results in release of capital embodied in different resources that can be advanced in appropriate activities, thus to increase the enterprise’s gains, and therefore – the capital return. The deceleration of capital turnover results in shortage of means required for the normal course of the enterprise’s business, and in its turn the enterprise is thus forced to raise additional funds in order to operate. This increases the share of borrowings and the level of financial risk the enterprise is exposed to.The interest to capital turnover is due to the insufficient understanding of the importance of this issue both for the successful and efficient development of enterprises’ business, as well as for the prosperity of economy as a whole. This is one of the most important issues – driver of business and economy, which is topical, irrespective of the type of ownership of the production means, the organization of the economy and the specific public and political environment. As a result of the insufficient understanding of the importance and significance of capital turnover, some thoughts exist that these are obsolete, archaic and all but unnecessary methodologies for analysis of capital turnover in the conditions of market competition.Capital turnover may be analyzed and assessed from different points of view. For example: according to the sources of its formation (equity and borrowings); according to the duration of capital involvement in the enterprise’s turnover (fixed capital and short-term borrowings); according to the resources in which the equity is embodied (share equity and working equity), etc.The object studied in this publication is the capital turnover of enterprises with industrial principal business, and the subject matter of the study covers the methodology for analysis of equity turnover with view of the resources it is embodied in.The aim of this publication is to reach a methodology for analysis and assessment of equity turnover, which is feasible for the economic practice and useful for the industrial enterprises’ management to make proper and reasonable decisions for the business development in operational and strategic aspect.

scholarly journals Identification of the specificity of functionality of the military-industrial complex

2020 ◽  
pp. 35-49
Author(s):  
Dmitrii Azarov
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Complex ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
Military Industrial Complex ◽  
Iron Triangle ◽  
Scientific Representations ◽  
Basic Transformation ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Military

The subject of this research is the economic relations formed as a result of operation and development of military-industrial complex, which affect economic growth of the country. The object of this research is the military-industrial complex. The goal consists in determination of peculiarities of functionality of military-industrial complex. The author explores such aspects of the topic, as the evolution of approaches towards studying the military-industrial complex, as well as nuances of its functionality. Special attention is paid to the structure of military-industrial complex, highlighting its key components and determining interaction between them. The author’s main contribution lies in the proposed interpretation of the military-industrial complex, formulated as a result of critical analysis of relevant scientific representations on its essence, and reflecting the specifics of its functionality. The novelty consists in the analysis and systematization of scientific approaches to definition of military-industrial complex; its structural perception in form of modified scheme of O. Williamson with indication of major stakeholders and relations between them, which is based on the concept of “iron triangle”; identification of basic transformation trends of the military-industrial complex, as well as characteristics that differentiate it from other economic macro-sectors.

The Methodology of Preparing PR-Text in the Frames of Professional Communicative Competence of a Specialist in Public Relations

10.12737/5402 ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 47-54
Author(s):  
Селезнева ◽  
Larisa Selezneva
Keyword(s):  
Public Relations ◽  
Communicative Competence ◽  
Social Situation ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
The Third ◽  
Successful Solution ◽  
The Social ◽  
Third Stage ◽  
Basic Parameters ◽  
The Subject

The subject matter of the paper is the methodology of preparation of PR-text in the frames of professional communicative competence of a specialist on public relations. It aims to form a communicative competence necessary to solve some communicative tasks by means of PR-texts. The author allocates three levels of the methodology of preparing PR-text and shows the formation of competences of a specialist in public relations. Each level presents a stage of the methodology of preparation of PR-text. The first stage is the study of discourse, it allows to take into account the conditions of the social situation of the creating text. At the second stage are used the knowledge of the basic parameters of the text. At the third stage are prepared the texts of different genres and styles. Each stage gives the examples of PRpractice. The offered methodology allows to realize in the text a system of communicative-pragmatic attitudes that contribute the successful solution of communicative tasks by the specialist on public relations.

scholarly journals PROBABILITY ESTIMATION DEGREE OF DANGER VESSELS RAPPROCHEMENT

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-33
Author(s):  
I. A. Burmaka ◽  
◽  
A.V. Yanchetskyy ◽  
◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Process Control ◽  
Relative Position ◽  
Mobile Objects ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Third Stage ◽  
Independent Process ◽  
Three Stages ◽  
The Moment

In the article is specified, that a decision-making process contains the following stages: control of environment, including relative position and parameters of relative motion, the exposure of situation of rapprochement of vessels, in the case of rapprochement of vessels it is necessary to produce estimation of degree of his danger, at dangerous rapprochement is needed to define the type of co-operation, depending on the degree of danger of situation of rapprochement the choice of strategy of divergence is produced. On the first stage of process of decision-making surrounding mobile objects come to light by ARPA or AIS, for which is measured parameters of motion and relative position. It is shown that on the second stage of process of decision-making, using the measured parameters, it is necessary to expect the value of speed of change of distance between vessels, taking into account that at its negative value ships are drawn together. On the third stage of process of decision-making at rapprochement of vessels estimation of degree of his danger is produced, what development of situation of rapprochement to the moment of time of their shortest rapprochement is forecast for. On the fourth stage of decision-making it is necessary to define the type of cooperation of the drawn together vessels, taking into account principle their process control of divergence. It is especially substantial for principle of locally-independent management by the process of divergence, when coordination of co-operation of vessels at dangerous rapprochement is needed. The fifth stage of decision-making is characterized by the choice of strategy of divergence, thus at the locally-independent process control of divergence the choice of strategy of divergence is produced depending on the degree of danger of situation of rapprochement, by the standard maneuver of divergence or for excessive rapprochement of vessels it is necessary to use the maneuver of urgent divergence. In work as the index of efficiency of the analytical collision avoidance systems vessels probability of safe completion of process of divergence, which is work of probabilities of successful end of stages of process of decision-making on the choice of strategy of divergence, is offered. It is shown that first three stages of decision-making on the choice of strategy of divergence are characterized by general probability of absence of danger of collision on condition that distance of the shortest rapprochement is equal to the set minimum-possible distance of rapprochement. For determination of the mentioned probability the error of distance of the shortest rapprochement is considered and expression is got for the closeness of its distributing. To that end collected dependence of error of distance of the shortest rapprochement from the errors of measuring of distance and bearing. By the got expression for the closeness of distributing of error of distance of the shortest rapprochement probability is certain of that at equality of distance of the shortest rapprochement with limit-possible distance of rapprochement there will not be the collision.

scholarly journals Flaws in taxation of transnational corporations using the transfer-pricing rules

2020 ◽  
pp. 58-63
Author(s):  
Anastasiia Andreevna Iugina
Keyword(s):  
Transfer Pricing ◽  
Transnational Corporations ◽  
Transnational Corporation ◽  
International Taxation ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
Pricing Rules ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Available Information

The subject of this research is the transfer-pricing rules applied in various countries, their peculiarities and flaws from the standpoint of approach to taxation of transnational corporations overall; as well as practical issues of implementation of transfer-pricing rules for transnational corporations and fiscal authorities, namely the problems of avoidance of taxation by the representatives of transnational corporations and ambiguity of the applied approaches towards regulation. The author examines differences in the rules applied by various jurisdictions, as well as law enforcement problems emerging thereof. Relevance of the topic is substantiated by high significance of transfer-pricing rules for taxation of transnational corporations, as well as the need for ensuring universality in international taxation. The main conclusions lie in determination of substantial ambiguity in the transfer-pricing riles, associated with the lack of information on comparable transaction in the available information systems, as well as assessment of rules with regards to each individual situation. The mechanism employed by the Organization for Economic Cooperation, aimed ate elimination of flaws in transfer-pricing rules, such as consensual procedure, are expensive and often ineffective for transnational corporations. Therefore, elimination of dual taxation is achieved only in some situations. Differences of legislation on transfer pricing in various jurisdictions can also lead to dual taxation of transnational corporations. Moreover, the “arm’s length” principle do not allow reflecting synergetic effects that emerge in the context of activity of transnational corporation, and thus, definition of taxation base within the framework of acting transfer-pricing rules is incomplete.

scholarly journals RISK MANAGEMENT OF BLOCKING TAX INVOICES / CORRECTION’S CALCULATIONS IN AGRICULTURAL ENTERPRISES

2020 ◽  
pp. 132-149
Author(s):  
Volodymyr METELYTSYA ◽  
Olena PODOLIANCHUK
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Products ◽  
Agricultural Producers ◽  
Agricultural Enterprises ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
The Third ◽  
Risk Criteria ◽  
Communal Property ◽  
Third Stage ◽  
Automated Monitoring System ◽  
Available Information

The stages of the automated monitoring system for compliance of tax invoices and correction calculations (TI / CC) with the criteria for assessing the degree of risk (SMADR) in the article analyzed. At the first stage, the SMADR system checks for compliance with the signs of unconditional registration of TI / CC. During the period of sale of agricultural products (services) there is a stop of invoices and calculations because the turnover exceeds the limit level, and the degree of payment of taxes does not exceed the limits, is established. In the second stage, a check is making for compliance with the taxpayer's risk criteria. That the greatest risk for a farmer is a subjective criterion, when the tax authority can decide on its own to classify the company as a risk payer based on available information, is proved. The third stage is the assessment of the enterprise for compliance with the indicators of positive tax history (PTH). It is determined that the vast majority of agricultural producers corresponds to the PTH indicator, which makes it possible to avoid blocking invoices and calculations to those enterprises that cultivate more than 200 hectares of land and / or lease plots of state and communal property with an area of more than 0.5 hectares. Despite this, the SMADR system massively stops the registration of invoices and calculations of corrections of agricultural producers. In the fourth stage, a specific business transaction is checking for compliance with the risk criteria of transactions. At this stage the stop of registration of invoices and calculations explained by the absence on the balance of purchased products before its sale, is established. This is acceptable for the trade sector, not for production. Based on the assessment of the effectiveness of the SMADR system, scientifically justified recommendations to documenting the resumption of registration of tax invoices and calculation of corrections and to avoid stopping such registration in the future to agricultural enterprises, were provided.

scholarly journals Preparing a comprehensive geodatabase for Iraq geodetic networks systems

2018 ◽  
Vol 162 ◽  
pp. 03030 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oday Jasim ◽  
Khalid Hassoon ◽  
Mazin Hussein
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Databases ◽  
Practical Aspect ◽  
Geodetic Networks ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Ground Survey ◽  
Third Stage ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Three Stages ◽  
Engineering Projects ◽  
Official Data

This paper concerns the subject geodetic networks data in Iraq and the need to put them in specialized spatial databases that can be updated and developed, which makes it much easier for those concerned such as scientific researchers ad surveying engineers to access these data and use them in scientific applications and Engineering projects. The practical aspect of this study was divided into three stages, the first stage was limited to the collection of official data related to the main projects of geodetic networks in Iraq, beginning with the first English network 1934, the second English network 1967, the Polish network 1979, the gravitational networks 1963-1984, and ending with the CORS-HARN networks that have been based in their observations and calculations upon the GPS. The second stage consists of sorting the data obtained from the first stage, and then entering the selected data into spatial databases. The third stage includes the reconnaissance, ground survey and verification of data obtained from the second stage. Furthermore, it also showed that all the English networks, the first 1934 and the second 1967, as well as the points of gravity were almost completely extinct and it became difficult to identify any traces of any of its points within this region.

Análise da Estrutura Espacial do Sistema Administrativo do Estado do Espírito Santo

1977 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 47-77
Author(s):  
Liane Maria Monteiro ◽  
Marina Sant'Anna ◽  
Lucy A. R Freire
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Structure ◽  
Efficiency Index ◽  
The State ◽  
Administrative System ◽  
Espírito Santo ◽  
Spatial Efficiency ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Third Stage ◽  
Espirito Santo

A spatial structure model for the administrative system of the State of Espirito Santo presenting maximum spatial efficienty, is the purpose of this study. Therefore, it was necessary to identify and evaluate the existing administrative structure and reformulate it relatively to the limits of each division. The methodology employed was developed through five different stages.The first one consisted in the identification of the spatial structure of tht administrative system of State of Espirito Santo. Thus, the politic-administrative poles of transmission of decision were indicated through a survey of all cities of the State, and the areas of influence of each commanding regional pole were determined through the matrices of functional subordination. The second stage involved an evaluation of the spatial efficiency of these regions through the efficiency index. The third stage comprised the elaboration of a new spatial structure for the administrative system of the State, considering the accessibility factor and the evaluation of the spatial efficiency of each new region. The fourth stage consisted in the determination of the administrative regionalization hich presented the best spatial efficiency index. Finally, the fifth stage included analysis on the elaborated regionalization.

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