Gravitational quanta and unification

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (12) ◽  
pp. 1743029 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. I. Cooperstock
Keyword(s):  
Gravitational Waves ◽  
Particle Physics ◽  
Ricci Tensor ◽  
Electromagnetic Waves ◽  
Essential Role ◽  
Gravitational Interaction ◽  
Spacetime Curvature ◽  
Quantization Of Gravity ◽  
Physics Model ◽  
Present Particle

A major issue that has challenged physics is the goal of bringing gravity into a complete unification of the interactions and the quantization of gravity. We build upon the appreciation that electromagnetic waves are also gravitational waves because they transport local spacetime curvature. Logical steps lead us to appreciate the totality of the traditional quantized particles in nature as gravitational quanta. Thus, our present particle physics model is seen to be unified with the gravitational interaction. Whether there remains a scope for the existence of a spin-2 graviton in vacuum is brought into question by our invariant energy construct centered upon the Ricci tensor. We suggest that this construct holds the key to ultra-strong gravity’s essential role in quantization.

Gravitational waves, energy and Feynman’s “sticky bead”

2015 ◽  
Vol 30 (27) ◽  
pp. 1550143 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. I. Cooperstock
Keyword(s):  
General Relativity ◽  
Gravitational Waves ◽  
Electromagnetic Waves ◽  
Vacuum Energy ◽  
Cosmological Term ◽  
Speed Of Light ◽  
Field Equations ◽  
Energy Expression ◽  
Energy Issue ◽  
Spacetime Curvature

It is noted that in the broader sense, gravitational waves viewed as spacetime curvature which necessarily accompanies electromagnetic waves at the speed of light, are the routine perception of our everyday experience. We focus on the energy issue and Feynman’s “sticky bead” argument which has been regarded as central in supporting the conclusion that gravitational waves carry energy through the vacuum in general relativity. We discuss the essential neglected aspects of his approach which leads to the conclusion that gravitational waves would not cause Feynman’s bead to heat the stick on which it would supposedly rub. This opens the way to an examination of the entire issue of energy in general relativity. We briefly discuss our naturally-defined totally invariant spacetime energy expression for general relativity incorporating the contribution from gravity. When the cosmological term is included in the field equations, our energy expression includes the vacuum energy as required.

The essence of gravitational waves and energy

2015 ◽  
Vol 24 (12) ◽  
pp. 1543005 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. I. Cooperstock
Keyword(s):  
Gravitational Wave ◽  
Gravitational Waves ◽  
Electromagnetic Waves ◽  
Essential Element ◽  
Cosmological Term ◽  
Field Equations ◽  
Essential Characteristic ◽  
Spacetime Curvature ◽  
Energy Aspect ◽  
Dual Character

In this paper, we discuss the essential element of gravity as spacetime curvature and a gravitational wave as the propagation of spacetime curvature. Electromagnetic waves are necessarily localized carriers of spacetime curvature and hence are also gravitational waves. Thus, electromagnetic waves have dual character and detection of gravitational waves is the routine of our everyday experience. Regarding the transferring energy from a gravitational wave to an apparatus, both Rosen and Bondi waves lack the essential characteristic of inducing a gradient of acceleration between detector elements. We discuss our simple invariant energy expression for general relativity and its extension. If the cosmological term is present in the field equations, its universal presence characteristic implies that gravitational waves would necessarily have an energy aspect in their propagation in every case.

scholarly journals Xenon-1T excess as a possible signal of a sub-GeV hidden sector dark matter

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amin Aboubrahim ◽  
Michael Klasen ◽  
Pran Nath
Keyword(s):  
Dark Matter ◽  
Particle Physics ◽  
Small Mass ◽  
Big Bang ◽  
Mass Splitting ◽  
Recoil Energy ◽  
Dirac Fermions ◽  
Dark Sector ◽  
Dark Photon ◽  
Physics Model

Abstract We present a particle physics model to explain the observed enhancement in the Xenon-1T data at an electron recoil energy of 2.5 keV. The model is based on a U(1) extension of the Standard Model where the dark sector consists of two essentially mass degenerate Dirac fermions in the sub-GeV region with a small mass splitting interacting with a dark photon. The dark photon is unstable and decays before the big bang nucleosynthesis, which leads to the dark matter constituted of two essentially mass degenerate Dirac fermions. The Xenon-1T excess is computed via the inelastic exothermic scattering of the heavier dark fermion from a bound electron in xenon to the lighter dark fermion producing the observed excess events in the recoil electron energy. The model can be tested with further data from Xenon-1T and in future experiments such as SuperCDMS.

scholarly journals Dark matter, dark energy and gravity

2015 ◽  
Vol 24 (02) ◽  
pp. 1550012 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. A. Robson
Keyword(s):  
Dark Matter ◽  
Dark Energy ◽  
Particle Physics ◽  
Composite Structures ◽  
Gravitational Interaction ◽  
Asymptotic Freedom ◽  
Generation Model ◽  
Newtonian Gravitation ◽  
Color Confinement ◽  
Vector Bosons

Within the framework of the Generation Model (GM) of particle physics, gravity is identified with the very weak, universal and attractive residual color interactions acting between the colorless particles of ordinary matter (electrons, neutrons and protons), which are composite structures. This gravitational interaction is mediated by massless vector bosons (hypergluons), which self-interact so that the interaction has two additional features not present in Newtonian gravitation: (i) asymptotic freedom and (ii) color confinement. These two additional properties of the gravitational interaction negate the need for the notions of both dark matter and dark energy.

scholarly journals Electromagnetic Detectors of Gravitational Waves

1974 ◽  
Vol 64 ◽  
pp. 54-58
Author(s):  
V. B. Braginsky ◽  
L. P. Grishchuk ◽  
A. G. Doroshkievich ◽  
Ya. B. Zel'Dovich ◽  
I. D. Novikov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gravitational Waves ◽  
Electromagnetic Waves ◽  
Reverse Process

Our group is investigating highfrequency gravitational waves (GW). The most promising approach to detection and laboratory generation of such GW seems to be through the transformation of GW into electromagnetic waves (EMW), and the reverse process: EMW→GW. The effects are small of course.

scholarly journals Gravity cells as a necessary link in string theory. Energy and frequency of vibrations of gravitational strings. Obtaining a formula for determining the gravitational constant and a formula for determining the mass of an electron. The coincidence of the results obtained with the experimental data.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrey Chernov
Keyword(s):  
Black Hole ◽  
String Theory ◽  
Particle Physics ◽  
Gravitational Constant ◽  
Gravitational Interaction ◽  
Physical Constant ◽  
The Body ◽  
Electron Mass ◽  
New Formula ◽  
Schwarzschild Radius

Abstract In this study, a new concept is introduced - gravitational cells. The body of a black hole consists of a huge number of such cells. This hypothesis from particle physics has been organically built into string theory. As a result, using the formula for the Schwarzschild radius and the Coulomb formula, a formula was obtained to determine the gravitational constant in the region of black holes and its value was determined. The value of the usual gravitational constant has been confirmed. Also, a new physical constant was obtained - the mass of the gravitational cell of a black hole. The introduction of the hypothesis of gravitational cells into string theory allowed us to apply Planck's formula to gravitational interaction. As a result, the formula for the quantum of the gravitational field was obtained and the frequency of vibrations of gravitational strings was calculated. Based on this, a formula was obtained to determine the mass of an electron. The electron mass calculated by the new formula coincided with the known experimental value. In this work, it was also proved that the vibration frequency of gravitational strings is directly proportional to the ratio of the mass of an electron and a proton inside the gravitational cell (and inside the atom). The formula for the dependence of the gravitational constant on the magnitude of the electron mass was obtained and confirming calculations were made.

Do electromagnetic waves harbour gravitational waves?

2006 ◽  
Vol 462 (2071) ◽  
pp. 1987-2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian Bramson
Keyword(s):  
General Relativity ◽  
Gravitational Waves ◽  
Electric Dipole ◽  
Electromagnetic Waves ◽  
Maxwell Theory ◽  
Flat Spacetime

In linearized, Einstein–Maxwell theory on flat spacetime, an oscillating electric dipole is the source of a spin-2 field. Within this approximation to general relativity, it is shown that electromagnetic waves harbour gravitational waves.

The New Messengers

2021 ◽  
pp. 36-52
Author(s):  
Gianfranco Bertone
Keyword(s):  
Gravitational Waves ◽  
Nobel Prize ◽  
Direct Contact ◽  
Thin Shell ◽  
Electromagnetic Waves ◽  
Scientific Community ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Moon ◽  
New Era ◽  
The Universe

I present the momentous discovery of gravitational waves, announced in 2016, starting from a confused Einstein who in 1936 tries to convince the scientific community that gravitational waves cannot exist (!), and then illustrating the extraordinary insights and breakthroughs that led 2017 Nobel Prize winners B. Barish, K. Thorne and R. Weiss to open an entirely new window on the Universe. This achievement has marked the beginning of a new era in science, and upcoming experiments have the potential to truly revolutionize our understanding of the Universe. Accounts of the perception of extra-terrestrial reality with senses beyond sight, such as those offered by astronauts who have been on the Moon, are exceedingly rare. That is hardly unsurprising: touch and taste require direct contact, while hearing and smell operate only over short distances, and are in any case confined to the Earth’s thin shell of atmosphere. Sight, on the other hand, allows us to collect the electromagnetic waves emitted by extraordinarily remote celestial objects.

scholarly journals Probing Trans-Electroweak First Order Phase Transitions from Gravitational Waves

Physics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 92-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Addazi ◽  
Antonino Marcianò ◽  
Roman Pasechnik
Keyword(s):  
Phase Transitions ◽  
Gravitational Waves ◽  
Particle Physics ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Energy Scale ◽  
Beyond The Standard Model ◽  
Critical Temperatures ◽  
First Order ◽  
Very High Energy ◽  
First Order Phase

We propose direct tests of very high energy first-order phase transitions, which are elusive to collider physics, deploying the gravitational waves’ measurements. We show that first-order phase transitions lying in a large window of critical temperatures, which is considerably larger than the electroweak energy scale, can be tested from advanced LIGO (aLIGO) and the Einstein Telescope. This provides the possibility to probe several inflationary mechanisms ending with the inflaton in a false minimum and high-energy first order phase transitions that are due to new scalar bosons, beyond the Standard Model of particle physics. As an important example, we consider the axion monodromy inflationary scenario and analyze the potential for its experimental verification, deploying the gravitational wave interferometers.

scholarly journals Problems, Puzzles and Prospects: A Personal Perspective on Present Particle Physics

1982 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. David Politzer ◽  
Hugh C. Wolfe ◽  
R. S. Panvini ◽  
M. S. Alam ◽  
S. E. Csorna
Keyword(s):  
Particle Physics ◽  
Personal Perspective ◽  
Present Particle
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