Analytical Equations Applied to the Study of Steel Profiles under Fire According to Different Nominal Temperature-Time Curves

Some analytical methods are available for temperature evaluation in solid bodies. These methods can be used due to their simplicity and good results. The main goal of this work is to present the temperature calculation in different cross-sections of structural hot-rolled steel profiles (IPE, HEM, L, and UAP) using the lumped capacitance method and the simplified equation from Eurocode 3. The basis of the lumped capacitance method is that the temperature of the solid body is uniform at any given time instant during a heat transient process. The profiles were studied, subjected to the fire action according to the nominal temperature–time curves (standard temperature-time curve ISO 834, external fire curve, and hydrocarbon fire curve). The obtained results allow verifying the agreement between the two methodologies and the influence in the temperature field due to the use of different nominal fire curves. This finding enables us to conclude that the lumped capacitance method is accurate and could be easily applied.

Improved ITTC Uncertainty Analysis Method of Ship Model Self-Propulsion Tests

In this paper, the uncertainty analysis method of ITTC (2017) for ship model self-propulsion tests was studied, and the defects of the ITTC method were analyzed, which didn’t provide the method to analyze the tests results at different temperatures. Combined with the ship model self-propulsion tests carried out by SSSRI, an improved uncertainty analysis method was proposed. First of all, the ship model self-propulsion test process was combed to determine the error sources of uncertainty, and then according to the test principle of self-propulsion tests, an conversion method of test data at different temperatures was put forward. Furthermore, this improved method can be an additional procedure of ITTC on the uncertainty analysis of self-propulsion tests. At the same time, the steps and methods of uncertainty analysis of ship model self-propulsion tests can be used as a reference for other towing tank tests. At last, an example of the uncertainty analysis of self-propulsion results in SSSRI was presented. The results show that at the nominal temperature of 15°C, at 95% confidence level, the expanded uncertainty of rotational speed n is less than 0.4%, and the expanded uncertainty of thrust T and torque Q is less than 1.0%. The expanded uncertainty of thrust deduction factor t is less than 5.5%, wake fraction w 1.1%, which shows that the test in this paper has achieved high accuracy.

Spectroscopic signatures of HHe2+ and HHe3+

Using two different action spectroscopic techniques, a high-resolution quantum cascade laser and a cryogenic ion trap machine, the proton shuttle motion of the cations HHe2+ and HHe3+ has been probed at a nominal temperature of 4 K.

Semi-analytical flash temperature model for thermoplastic polymer spur gears with consideration of linear thermo-mechanical material characteristics

The temperature increase that occurs during running of a polymer gear pair can be divided into two components: the nominal and flash temperatures. The latter denotes the short-term temperature increase that takes place during a gear meshing cycle. A thorough analysis of the flash temperature yields an insight into the heat dissipation process, which also determines the nominal temperature increase. We focus here on the flash component using numerical and analytical computation tools, with which we can obtain realistic predictions of the temperature increase during a gear meshing cycle. The analysis is performed using a decoupled procedure that involves a mechanical finite element analysis, followed by a semi-analytical temperature evaluation method based on the computed mechanical response of the system. With it, we obtain an improved flash temperature model that offers an accurate representation of the real life thermo-mechanical processes taking place at the gear teeth contact interfaces. Highlights Sliding friction during polymer gear meshing generates dominant part of heat losses. The developed flash temperature model is based on numerical and analytical tools. Meshing kinematics influence considerably the frictional losses and temperature rise. Flash temperature model applicable to any type of spur gear geometry. The model provides necessary groundwork for long term nominal temperature analysis.

Thermal Analysis of Concrete from Panels Subjected to Fire Experiments

This paper presents the results of the differential thermal analysis of cement matrix samples taken from concrete panels with nominal dimensions of 2300 × 1300 × 150 mm after one-sided exposure to high temperatures. The panels were subjected to maximum nominal temperature loads of 550, 600, 800 and 1000 °C. Concrete was also taken from a reference panel (without temperature loading) and investigated. Five samples with a nominal thickness of 20 mm were taken for thermal analysis. They were cut from the central part of the panels using a diamond blade saw. The thermal analysis covered the effects of temperature load on the concrete to a depth of approximately 100 mm from the heated surface of the panel.

Modern design of light steel facades in normal and fire conditions

In this paper, numerical analysis of bearing load capacity of steel facade cassettes with special perforation in various geometrical configurations was carried out. Particular attention was focused on the influence analysis of the blade inclination and perforation pattern on the structural behaviour. The mechanical response was tested using two separate types of numerical analysis. First contains the analysis under high temperature using coupled thermal-structural analysis according to the nominal temperature-time External curves. In this study nonlinear physical relationships are taken into account, thus influence of high temperature on material properties is assumed. In order to investigate the wind action influence on the cassettes with respect to different blade inclination, the static was provided. The scope of the study includes the preparation of advanced numerical 3D model of thin-walled steel cassettes K1 produced by “Blachy Pruszynski” company using shell finite elements (FE) in Abaqus program.

Peyzaj Planlamada Biyoklimatik Konfor Alanların Belirlenmesi: Cide Kıyı Şeridi Örneği

People are with overall nominal temperature, precipitation, humidity and where in certain ranges of environmental conditions such as wind they feel healthy and dynamic. In the appropriate range for the people of these values it is called the bioclimatic comfort. When bioclimatic comfort area is in the range of fair value would bother people in the area and want to get away from the area. Hence bioclimatic comfort areas used for the purpose of tourism is very important. In this study, Kastamonu-Cide bioclimatic comfort is done mapping of the coastline and thus aimed at building pad similar studies of a similar nature in the coastal areas. For this purpose, the region's climate data Cide is located; equivalent temperature according to the physiological index is bioclimatic comfort maps were prepared. To determine the structure of the field is bioclimatic comfort is collected climatic data from meteorological stations. The obtained data were evaluated by means of Rayman 1.2 and geographic information system (GIS) is used to produce thermal perception map with the help of software. According to the psychological equivalent temperatures As a result, the most appropriate time and area for outdoor recreation activities have been identified by thermal perception maps.

Study of Pier Top Longitudinal Horizontal Rigidity on Rigid Frame Bridge Continuous Welded Rail

The pier longitudinal horizontal stiffness is the key technical parameter of rigid frame bridge and the continuous welded rail. Both the distribution of longitudinal force and the relative displacement between the beam and rail are rely on the longitudinal horizontal stiffness of the pier. This passage takes the symmetrical arrangement of different span rigid frame bridge in ballast track as an example to study the value of pier top longitudinal horizontal rigidity, using the finite element method. The analysis show that when the amplitude of rail temperature variation is less than 50 °C and the nominal temperature span within a certain range, the minimum value of pier longitudinal horizontal rigidity depends largely on the braking conditions. However, as the further increasing of the span, the pier longitudinal horizontal rigidity is restricted by the expansion conditions. Therefore, the small resistance fastening system should be taken into consideration. Especially, if the temperature of rail reaches above 50°C, laying rail expansion adjuster is needed in order to satisfy the requirement of the continuous welded rail temperature on bridge.