scholarly journals SPECIALIZED FOOD PRODUCTS FOR THE NUTRITION OF ATHLETES BASED ON WHEY PROTEINS

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margarita Korosteleva ◽  
Irina Kobelkova ◽  
Maria Kobelkova
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Whey Proteins ◽  
Food Products ◽  
High Energy ◽  
The Body ◽  
Important Place ◽  
Balanced Diet ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Technological Strategies ◽  
High Energy Consumption

It is known that a balanced diet and the intake of specialized foods that combine various types of proteins play a key role in expanding the adaptive potential of athletes and affect the effectiveness of the training process. In recent decades, various biomedical and technological strategies have been implemented in the development of specialized food products, including those for the nutrition of athletes. Proteins of milk and whey occupy an important place among the functional ingredients. Despite the fact that the average per capita consumption of protein in the structure of the diet in the Russian Federation over the past few years has been at a satisfactory level (in 2019 - 80.4 g/day, in 2020 - 81.4 g/day), for athletes with high body weight and extremely high energy consumption (4000 kcal/day and above), these values will be insufficient. In connection with this, special attention should be paid to various protein fractions in the development of SPP at a consumption level of at least 1,2 g/kg of the athlete's body weight daily to ensure plastic and other functions in the body, physical performance and endurance.

Body Composition Modifications Due to the “Search, Rescue and Survival Training” in Male Military Firefighter Cadets

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thiago Ramos de Barros ◽  
Verônica Pinto Salerno ◽  
Thalita Ponce ◽  
Míriam Raquel Meira Mainenti
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Food Restriction ◽  
Physical Exertion ◽  
High Energy ◽  
The Body ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Sleep Restriction ◽  
Fat Percentage

ABSTRACT Introduction To train and prepare cadets for a career as firefighters in Rio de Janeiro, the second-year students of the Officers Training Course are submitted to a Search, Rescue, and Survival Training (SRST) course, which is characterized by long periods of high physical exertion and sleep restriction during a 9-day instruction module, and food restriction during a 7-day survival module. The present study investigated changes in the body composition of 39 male cadets submitted to SRST during training and 4 weeks of recovery with no restrictions in food consumption. Materials and Methods Each cadet was evaluated by anthropometric measurements at six time points: pre-SRST; after the first module; after the second module; and after 1, 2, and 4 weeks of recovery. Measurements included body girths and skinfolds, to estimate trunk (chest and waist) and limbs (arm and thigh) dimensions, as well as body composition. Repeated measures ANOVA and Friedman test were applied (depending on each data distribution). Results Statistically significant decreases in body weight (76.2; 69.8-87.2 to 63.9; 58.9-73.5 kg) and fat free mass (FFM, 69.2; 63.7-77.2 to 60.1; 56.2-68.0 kg) were observed following the second module of SRST. Following a single week of recovery, the FFM returned to pre-SRST values. Body weight returned to pre-training levels in 2 weeks. Body fat percentage and mass also significantly decreased during SRST (9.0; 7.7-12.3 to 6.5; 5.1-9.3% and 6.9; 5.6-10.0 to 6.9; 5.6-10.0 kg, respectively), which showed a slower and more gradual recovery that reached pre-SRST values after 4 weeks. The girths of arm, thigh, chest and waist significantly decreased due to SRST. The girths of the limbs (arm and thigh) returned to pre-training values after one month of recovery, while the girths of the trunk (chest and waist) did not return to pre-SRST values during the study period. Conclusions The findings suggest that men who experience periods of high energy demands and sleep restriction followed by a period of food restriction will endure unavoidable physical consequences that can be mostly reversed by a 1-month recovery.

No effect of dietary calcium on body weight of lean and obese mice and rats

2004 ◽  
Vol 286 (4) ◽  
pp. R669-R677 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qinmin Zhang ◽  
Michael G. Tordoff
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Calcium Content ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Dietary Calcium ◽  
Simple Relation ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
The Body ◽  
High Energy Density ◽  
Sprague Dawley

Recent epidemiological and animal studies have led to the hypothesis that low dietary calcium intakes contribute to obesity. Here, we evaluated whether calcium influenced the body weight of normal-weight and obese rodents. All experiments involved female C57BL/6J mice or Sprague-Dawley rats fed normal- or high-energy-density diets (3.8 or 4.7 kcal/g). Calcium intake was manipulated by allowing mice to drink sweetened 30 mM CaCl2 solution or feeding mice and rats diets differing in calcium content (0.2%, 0.6%, or 1.8% Ca2+). Blood samples were taken from rats to confirm that the diets had their intended effects on metabolism. There were no effects of the calcium manipulations on energy intake, body weight, or carcass fat content and no simple relation between calciotropic hormones and body weight. One experiment found a significant decrease in body weight gain of lean and obese rats fed the 1.8% Ca2+ diet, but we suspect that this was due to forced consumption of the unpalatable diet, reducing growth. These studies provide little support for the hypothesis that dietary calcium contributes to the etiology or maintenance of obesity.

scholarly journals Stress facilitates body weight gain in genetically predisposed rats on medium-fat diet

2003 ◽  
Vol 285 (4) ◽  
pp. R791-R799 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chantal Michel ◽  
Barry E. Levin ◽  
Ambrose A. Dunn-Meynell
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Dentate Gyrus ◽  
Energy Homeostasis ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
High Energy ◽  
The Body ◽  
Central Nucleus ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Dorsomedial Nucleus

To assess the interaction between stress and energy homeostasis, we immobilized male Sprague-Dawley rats prone to diet-induced obesity (DIO) or diet resistance (DR) once for 20 min and then fed them either low-fat (4.5%) chow or a medium-fat (31%), high-energy (HE) diet for 9 days. Stressed, chow-fed DIO rats gained less, while stressed DIO rats on HE diet gained more body weight and had higher feed efficiency and plasma leptin levels than unstressed controls. Neither stress nor diet affected DR body weight gain. While stress-induced plasma corticosterone levels did not differ between phenotypes, DIO rats were initially more active in an open field and had higher hippocampal dentate gyrus and CA1 glucocorticoid receptor (GR) mRNA than DR rats, regardless of prior stress or diet. HE diet intake was associated with raised dentate gyrus and CA1 GR and amygdalar central nucleus (CeA) corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) mRNA expression, while stress was associated with reduced hypothalamic dorsomedial nucleus Ob-R mRNA and CeA CRH specifically in DIO rats fed HE diet. Thus a single stress triggers a complex interaction among weight gain phenotype, diet, and stress responsivity, which determines the body weight and adiposity of a given individual.

scholarly journals Juridical Assessment of Food Safety in Packaged Processed Food Product

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dwi Bagus Pambudi ◽  
Rany Ekawati
Keyword(s):  
Food Safety ◽  
Consumer Protection ◽  
Government Regulation ◽  
Food Additives ◽  
Food Product ◽  
Food Products ◽  
The Body ◽  
Processed Food ◽  
Balanced Diet ◽  
The Government

Food safety is one of WHO’s primary concerns during a pandemic. The current Covid-19 pandemic requires us to boost our immune system by eating a healthy and balanced diet. Food consumed by the masses must be free of chemical and biological substances that can be harmful for the body. Nowadays, food products have developed to be more innovative, such as packaged processed food products that can be stored for a long time, generally using Food Additives. The safety of packaged processed food products must be guaranteed by the manufacturers in order to guarantee consumer protection. To ensure this, the government has established the Consumer Protection Law; the Government Regulation on Food Safety, Quality and Nutrition; and the Food and Drug Administration Division. Through the BPOM, the government supervises food products circulating in the community. The supervision carried out by BPOM are preventive and repressive. One form of supervision carried out by BPOM is granting distribution permits for packaged processed food products before they are distributed to the public. Keywords: packaged processed food products, BPOM

Lightweight Design Optimization of Large-Tonnage Hydraulic Press Body Structure

2013 ◽  
Vol 748 ◽  
pp. 406-410 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Zhang ◽  
Bao Chun Lu ◽  
Guo Fan ◽  
Ma Chong
Keyword(s):  
Lightweight Design ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Hydraulic Press ◽  
The Body ◽  
Orthogonal Experimental Design ◽  
Body Structure ◽  
Overall Performance ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Rational Shape ◽  
High Energy Consumption

In the manufacturing of large-tonnage forging equipment, heavy and redundant of the body structure components always result in increased manufacturing costs, high energy consumption and performance degradation. Therefore, the lightweight design of machine body becomes one of the important goals in green design of modern forging equipment. Firstly, based on the static and dynamic FEA of YQK-1250 frame hydraulic press body structure, the rational shape optimization results were analyzed through ANSYS Workbench. The thicknesses of the six related ribs were determined as the lightweight targets. Then, a preliminary lightweight optimization is carried out with orthogonal experimental design which provided approximate ranges for the further APDL analysis. Finally the improved lightweight design is optimized by the aide of APDL efficiently. It is validated that the mass is reduced by 4.52% with less influents on the overall performance.

INFLUENCE OF ENERGY INTAKE ON DEVELOPMENT OF BROILER BREEDER PULLETS

1990 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 259-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. D. BENNETT ◽  
S. LEESON
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Luteinizing Hormone ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
High Energy ◽  
The Body ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Lower Percentage ◽  
Broiler Breeder ◽  
Hormone Levels

One hundred and two broiler breeder pullets were reared from 10 wk of age on one of three diets formulated to contain 15% CP and provide 10.67, 11.72, or 12.89 MJ ME kg−1. All birds received the same daily feed allotment. At 20 wk of age, the pullets were light-stimulated and nine birds per treatment were slaughtered for carcass analysis. The remaining birds were slaughtered for carcass analysis at the time that they laid their first egg. Twelve birds from each treatment were blood sampled from 10–25.5 wk of age and plasma luteinizing hormone levels determined. While all birds had similar ages at first egg, birds given the high energy diet grew faster and had more fat, protein and fat-free mass in the body at first egg relative to birds consuming the least amount of energy. Birds fed the high energy diet also displayed a higher percentage of fat and lower percentage of protein at first egg than did the birds fed the low energy diet. Coefficients of variation for weight of protein and fat-free mass at first egg were 9.1 and 7.9%, respectively, compared to 24.4% for grams of fat at first egg; protein and fat-free masses appeared to be relatively constant at first egg. Linear regressions suggested a strong relationship between body composition and body weight both at 20 wk of age and first egg. Plasma luteinizing hormone levels were unaffected by diet. Key words: Broiler breeder, body composition, body weight, sexual maturity, energy intake

scholarly journals The Numerical Model of Fish Growth Dynamics (On the Example of Okhotsk Atka Mackerel Pleurogrammus azonus)

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 118-128
Author(s):  
A.N. Chetyrbotskiy ◽  
A.N. Vdovin ◽  
V.A. Chetyrbotskiy
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Parametric Identification ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Complex Model ◽  
The Body ◽  
Fish Growth ◽  
Energy Costs ◽  
Vital Activity ◽  
External Energy ◽  
Spawning Period

A complex model of the system is proposed, the dynamic variables of which are the length, fish’s weight and the weight of its food lump. The model’s mathematical formalization is performed in terms of the ordinary differential equations apparatus. The solution to the parametric identification problem of the model is based on the author's representative sample for long-term observations. Computational experiments show that the representation of the indicators dynamics fish’s weight, length and the weight of the food lump is determined by some functions of the components from this set. The hierarchy of relationships between indicators determines the structure of these functions. It turned out that the dynamics of length is practically independent of the food lump’s weight, which in this case is an external energy source of the body’s vital activity. The energy “mediator” is body weight. The dynamics of body weight is determined by the weight of the food lump and the actual body weight. The negative coefficient calculated when solving the problem of parametric identification with body weight reduces the intensity of its dynamics. It seems that this coefficient reflects the expenditure of the body on the processes of its metabolism. The dynamics of length has a cumulative character (only positive gains). The body weight dynamics is determined by the accumulation and loss of vital activity of organic matter (positive and negative gains). The jump in the dynamics of weight is due to the high energy costs of fish for the intensive formation of reproductive products in the pre-spawning period and the energy costs of subsequent spawning. The dynamics of the food lump depends on the weight of the fish and is regulated by seasonal endogenous and exogenous rhythms of the fish's life cycle. Weight gain largely determines the intensity of nutrition than the diet determines the rate of weight growth. A measure of the adequacy between the model and sample distributions here is the correlation coefficient between them. In the case under consideration, it is close to its maximum (single) value, which indicates their high proximity.

Acute Overfeeding Does Not Alter Liver or Adipose Tissue-Derived Cytokines in Healthy Humans

2016 ◽  
Vol 69 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 165-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miaoxin Chen ◽  
Bo Liu ◽  
Campbell H. Thompson ◽  
Gary A. Wittert ◽  
Leonie K. Heilbronn
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Hepatic Insulin Resistance ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein 1 ◽  
Healthy Humans ◽  
Balanced Diet

Background/Aims: The secretions of liver-derived cytokines angiopoietin-like 6, insulin-like growth factor 1, selenoprotein-P and C-reactive protein and adipokines, adiponectin and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 are altered in obese individuals, and they directly induce insulin resistance in both cellular and animal models. This study is aimed at examining the effects of acute overnutrition on these cytokines in healthy individuals, and identifying association with markers of insulin resistance. Methods: Thirty-one young healthy individuals (10 men, body mass index (BMI) 22.4 ± 2.7; 21 women, BMI 23.3 ± 4.9) were enrolled for the study. Metabolic assessments were done 3 days after an energy balanced diet (30% fat) and 3 days of a high-fat overfeeding diet (+1,250 kcal/day, 45% fat), and the assessments included the fasting body weight and blood samples to analyze the selected cytokines and evaluate the insulin sensitivity by a hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp (80 mU/m2/min). Results: Three days of overfeeding increased the body weight, fasting glucose and insulin, and thus the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance. However, there were no changes in peripheral insulin sensitivity, or in the circulating cytokines assessed. Conclusions: The hepatokines and adipokines assessed were not acutely sensitive to overnutrition in healthy individuals, despite increases in markers of hepatic insulin resistance.

scholarly journals Chemical pollution of baby food products in the Russian Federation

2019 ◽  
Vol 95 (8) ◽  
pp. 707-711 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu. P. Pivovarov ◽  
O. Yu. Milushkina ◽  
Yulia L. Tikhonova ◽  
O. I. Aksenova ◽  
M. V. Kalinovskaya
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Bone Destruction ◽  
Food Products ◽  
The Body ◽  
Baby Food ◽  
Chemical Pollution ◽  
Chemical Contamination ◽  
Chemical Contaminants ◽  
The Russian Federation

One of the main problems of nutrition of children and adolescents is to assess chemical contamination of baby food products and the establishment of the relation with the health of the child population. With the entering different chemical compounds in the body of the child there can be observed disorders of the nervous, urinary, cardiovascular system, gastrointestinal tract, as well as metabolic deteriorations, degenerative processes in parenchymal organs and bone destruction. The aim of the study was to analyze data on chemical contamination of baby food products in the Russian Federation for 2012-2014. The analysis was executed on the data of Federal Information Fund of social and hygienic monitoring of the Russian Federation. There were identified priority pollutants (toxic elements, nitrites, nitrates, nitrosamines, pesticides, hydroxymethylfurfural, mycotoxins) and risk areas (the Lipetsk region, the Krasnodar Territory, the Republic of Adygea, city of Moscow, Tatarstan, the Kabardino-Balkar Republic, the Ryazan region). There are detected contamination levels not exceeding MAC (in the dynamics of the three years offollow up, on average 22%), requiring their hygienic assessment. There were determined the baby food products containing most common occurred chemical contaminants: fruits and vegetables products, canned products, canned meat, cereals, dairy products, liquid and adapted and partially adapted milk formalas. Identified data indicate to a need for further studies of chemical substances in products for children’s nutrition in order to establish the causal relationships with a various diseases and the substantiation of methodological approaches to the risk assessment of combined exposure to chemical contaminants in concentrations up to the MPC on health of children, including infants

scholarly journals The Effect of L-Carnitine, Green Tea Extract and Lotus Leaf Extract on the Body Fat Percentage in High Energy Diet-Induced Obese Rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-52
Author(s):  
Chu Wan-Li ◽  
◽  
Lin Wen-Chuan ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Green Tea ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
High Energy ◽  
The Body ◽  
Final Body Weight ◽  
Lotus Leaf ◽  
Tea Extract

Background Obesity has become a public health issue of global concern. Obesity is often associated with the occurrence of many diseases, and will also increase mortality; it not only affects personal health, but also increases healthcare costs, thus reducing social productivity and causing negative social and economic impacts. Therefore, ameliorating obesity is an issue worth attention and effort. The development of a natural and safe anti-obesity combination is worthy of further research. It is known that L-carnitine, green tea and lotus leaves have anti-obesity potential, but there is no research and discussion on this novel combination to improve body fat. Objective This study explored how the dietary supplement formula containing L-carnitine, green tea extract and lotus leaf extract (CGL) lowered the body fat accumulation in rats induced by high-energy diet. Design The test used 60-week-old male Sprague Dawley® white rats, which were first divided into the control group (12 rats were given normal feed) and the experimental group (48 rats were given high energy diet; HE). The HE group was further divided into H2O and CGL groups (296, 593 and 1186 mg/kg, to be designated as CGL-L, CGL-M, CGL-H respectively). The rats were first fed with feed for five-weeks, and then fed with different doses of CGL by gavage starting from the sixth-week. After nine-weeks of feeding, the rats were sacrificed to obtain their body weight, feed intake, body fat, serum biochemical indices and liver lipid measurements. Results The results show that the final body weight of HE+CGL-L (578.8±41.6 g) was significantly lower than that of HE+H2O (634.9±42.2 g), and the body fat amount of HE+CGL-L (36.6±9.8 g) was significantly lower than that of HE+H2O (49.4±13.8 g). Feed efficiency and calorie efficiency of HE+CGL-L were also significantly lower than that of HE+H2O (p<0.001). HE+CGL-M and HE+CGL-H were also able to significantly reduce the final body weight, body fat amount and serum-free fatty acid concentration (p<0.05). Conclusion CGL can significantly reduce the final body weight, body fat amount, body fat ratio, feed efficiency and calorie efficiency. CGL has the potential as a new dietary supplement for weight loss. However, the significance of these results on humans taking the supplement for prolonged periods of time is unknown and should be a focus for future investigations.

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