Kinds Of Language Problems Of Kindergarten Children In Surakarta

Background: Language and communication skills are essential skills that preschoolers must have. This ability is a precursor to further literacy skills which will later be useful in the academic process of children, so it is necessary to trace the language and communication skills of preschool children. Methods: This research is a survey research by distributing questionnaires to respondents. The questionnaire contains the profile of language and communication skills through parent reports. The analysis used is using descriptive statistics. Results: This study provides an overview of language and communication skills in depth. The language component consists of receptive language skills, expressive language skills, and initial literacy skills. Meanwhile, communication skills consist of attention and listening, the ability to follow simple commands, the ability to ask questions, and the ability to speak. About 20% of preschoolers have language skills below their peers. Conclusion: Data found on language skills of children under their peers. Further research is needed to prove broader data about preschool language skills.

ARE THERE DIFFERENCES IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE EXECUTIVE FUNCTIONS OF CHILDREN WITH A TYPICAL AND ATYPICAL DEVELOPMENT STIMULATED BY A GAME ON A TABLET?

"Introduction: Executive functions (EF) are developed early, building a fundamental basis of higher cognitive processes in adulthood (Garon et al., 2008). There are studies with children of typical development (Passolunghi et al., 2006; Welsh et al., 2010) that have demonstrated the key role of EF, such as working memory, inhibitory control, planning and attentional flexibility, in initial literacy and precalculus. What is still unclear is whether these EF can be stimulated early and if it has any effect on their development. At the same time, it is known that children with atypical development, such as ADHD, have deficiencies in the development of EF (Barkley, 1997). Early stimulation of EF in this type of population will have the same effects as in a typical development population? The objective of the study is to evaluate the effect of a stimulation program of the EF (working memory, inhibitory control, planning and attentional flexibility), by means of a tablet digital game, in the development of the EF of preschool children with and without symptoms of ADHD, of socioeconomically disadvantaged sectors. Method: Two groups, control (CG) and intervention (IG) were selected at random, both were evaluated twice (before and after). In total there were 408 participants, 212 with typical development and 196 with atypical development. The IG was exposed to a digital game of EF through a tablet during 12 sessions (in the classroom). Results: The main results show differences in favor of IG in the different EF evaluated, both for children with and without ADHD symptoms, with the exception of attentional variable for which no differences were observed. There are differences in the effect of EF among children evaluated. Discussion: These differences and their possible implications in the educational and social environment are discussed."

Teacher Preparedness to Utilize Emergent Literacy for Teaching Initial Literacy in Selected Schools of Mansa District

Effective teaching of initial literacy in Grade 1 demands more of the teacher’s attention to pupils’ emergent literacy skills and consideration of how they learn. The emergent literacy skills children acquire lay a firm foundation for their learning to read and write in the conventional sense. Some of the skills that children develop under emergent literacy include phonological awareness and phonological sensitivity, which give children the ability to hear, recognize, manipulate and distinguish the sounds of the language they have acquired. These are key language skills which teachers will need to utilize in their teaching of reading and writing skills to Grade 1 learners in the classroom. A study was carried out whose purpose was to investigate whether primary school teachers in Mansa District utilized emergent literacy skills in their teaching of conventional reading and writing skills to the learners in Grade 1 considering the fact that emergent literacy lays a firm and solid foundation for continuous development of the literacy skills. The study was a descriptive survey and qualitative in nature since it required the researcher to describe the state of affairs as found and observed in their natural setting in the research sites. The qualitative methods of data collection and analysis were used. The sample for this study comprised 62 Grade 1 teachers and 3,594 Grade 1 primary school pupils. Only those schools teaching initial literacy in the local familiar language using the Breakthrough to Literacy (BTL) methodology were targeted for this research. The findings indicated that: (1) Teachers lacked knowledge about emergent literacy and did not know how useful it was for continuous literacy development among the children. (2) Most of the teachers ignored pupils’ prior literacy knowledge and considered their learners as complete illiterates who knew nothing about literacy skills. (3) Teachers never designed extra teaching and learning materials for teaching literacy. Rather, they relied on the New Breakthrough to Literacy (NBTL) kit materials. (4) The class sizes were large and meaningful scaffolding was lacking in most of the classes. This study concluded that the Ministry of Education in Zambia should consider emergent literacy as the foundation for conventional literacy development in Grade 1. One recommendation was that teachers should be equipped with knowledge of emergent literacy through deliberate training. They need to understand and appreciate emergent literacy as an essential body of knowledge to be utilized for successful conventional literacy development among Grade 1 learners.

Kemampuan Literasi Membaca Siswa Indonesia (Berdasarkan hasil UN dan PISA)

National Literacy Movement (GLN) in Permendikbud No. 23/2015 requires Indonesian students to master at least six basic literacies. One of them is literacy. This literacy is the initial literacy that must be mastered because it includes functional literacy that is useful in everyday life. This literacy is not only how a people is free from illiteracy, but also has the life skills to be able to compete globally. This year is the fifth year since the program was launched. Ideally, a change in literacy ability can be seen in students. National Examinations, especially Indonesian Language test, can be used as a benchmark for these achievements. This test requires students to be able to answer problems related to reading and writing (literature and non-literature). Remarkably, for three consecutive years, the results of the Indonesian Language National Examination, especially at the Junior High School level, were ranked highest compared to other subjects. In general, students' literacy reading ability is in the ability to access and retrieve information in simple texts (150 to 200 words). They are able to determine the main sentence / main idea of a paragraph, determine the main character, and determine the background evidence of place / time / situation in the text. This is comparable to the 2018 PISA study, that is, the literacy ability of Indonesian students reading is at the level of detecting and handling conflict and representing information literally in the form of uncomplicated questions. Unfortunately, there are some abilities that students have not mastered based on the results of the two tests. In this paper these matters are discussed more deeply with the aim of becoming an enrichment material for teachers in schools to further enhance students' literacy reading skills.

Kegiatan Literasi Awal Orang Tua pada Anak Usia Dini

This research was conducted to determine the initial literacy activities carried out by parents, family members, and caregivers at home. The research method used for this study is a systematic review that is implemented by capturing articles concerned in the research topic published between 2009–2019 through two electronic search engines, Science Direct and Sage Journals. Furthermore, article extractions were carried out to filter out articles that were relevant to the research question (n = 9) with five articles with mother-child participants, 1 article with caregiver-child participants, and three articles with mother or father-child participants. Data analysis in this study is done by narrative synthesis analysis. The results of this study show several activities, i.e., shared reading or book reading, grocery games, writing letters, spelling, drawing pictures, and writing spontaneously. The most popular activity is the shared reading or reading book, which has more impact on the type of book and parent involvement. Limitations and recommendations for future research are discussed in this paper.

Initial Literacy Teaching of Indigenous Children

This chapter presents a pedagogical design for the language and literacy learning of indigenous children within mainstream non-indigenous schools in the municipality of Oiapoque, located in the Federal State of Amapá, Brazil. It describes the linguistic and cultural diversity that characterizes the area followed by the outline of the key tenets underpinning the educational policy that frames language and initial literacy education in indigenous communities. The chapter then problematizes the case of migrant indigenous children in urban schools, where there is no specific legal protection for their linguistic and literacy education. In response to this shortcoming, authors present a culturally and linguistically sustaining pedagogy based on the Linguistically Appropriate Practice method, aimed at guiding teachers to educate these children to become bilingual and proud of their cultural heritage. The design is innovative in the context of its application in Brazil and of potential relevance for similar contexts worldwide.

MENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN KEAKSARAAN AWAL ANAK USIA DINI MELALUI MEDIA ANIMASI DI TK BUDI NURANI CIMAHI

Early literacy abilities of early childhood include cognitive abilities and language skills. The focus of this research is reading. In order to achieve this, appropriate and attractive media are needed for children, so that children can master early literacy in accordance with the stages of their developmental age. One of the media that can be used is animation, where a series of moving pictures or paintings will appear. This study aims to describe the learning plan regarding initial literacy with animation media, to illustrate the process of implementing learning about initial literacy, to find out the results that will be obtained in this learning. This research was conducted using the Classroom Action Research method, which is a study by carrying out certain actions where by using it can improve and enhance the initial literacy skills in AUD. Data collection techniques are by observation, interview and documentation. The target of this study is 12 children aged 4-5 years. This research was conducted using 2 cycles. The results of the first cycle of the average student developed according to expectations amounted to 42.5%, and from the second cycle the average student had developed according to expectations of 58%. The conclusion that can be drawn is that early literacy skills can be improved by the use of animation media in group A.Kemampuan keaksaraan awal anak usia dini mencakup pada kemampuan kognitif dan kemampuan bahasa. Fokus penelitian ini adalah kegiatan membaca. Demi tercapainya hal tersebut, diperlukan media yang sesuai dan menarik bagi anak, agar anak dapat menguasai keaksaraan awal sesuai dengan tahapan usia perkembangannya. Media yang dapat dipergunakan salah satunya adalah melalui media animasi, dimana dengan media tersebut akan muncul rangkaian gambar atau lukisan yang bergerak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan rencana pembelajaran mengenai keaksaraan awal dengan media animasi, untuk menggambarkan proses pelaksanaan pembelajaran mengenai keaksaraan awal, untuk mengetahui hasil yang akan didapatkan dalam pembelajaran ini. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan mempergunakan metode Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (Classroom Action Research), yaitu penelitian dengan melakukan suatu tindakan tertentu dimana dengan hasilnya dapat memperbaiki dan meningkatkan kemampuan keaksaraan awal pada AUD. Teknik pengumpulan datanya adalah dengan observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Adapun sasaran penelitian ini berjumlah 12 anak usia 4-5 tahun. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan 2 siklus. Hasil dari siklus I rata-rata siswa berkembang sesuai harapan sejumlah 42,5%, dan dari siklus II rata-rata siswa sudah berkembang sesuai harapan 58%. Kesimpulan yang dapat diambil adalah bahwa kemampuan keaksaraan awal dapat ditingkatkan dengan penggunaan media animasi di kelompok A.