Improving the Efficiency of Oil and Gas Wells Complicated by the Formation of Asphalt–Resin–Paraffin Deposits

A number of difficulties may be encountered in the final stages of oil field exploitation, including the formation of asphalt–resin–paraffin deposits (ARPDs). It is expedient to use complex technologies to remove the already formed deposits and prevent the formation of ARPDs. This paper focuses on the complex technology of oil field exploitation. This technology combines both the removal of organic deposits and the prevention of the formation of these deposits in the well bottomhole formation zone (BHFZ) system. The calculations for determining the process parameters of selling the ARPD inhibitor solution into the BHFZ are presented in this article. This complex technology includes the process of ARPD removal by flushing the well and the subsequent injection of the developed ARPD solvent into the BHFZ. In addition, the technology is complemented by a method of preventing the formation of these deposits. This method consists of squeezing the ARPD inhibitor and then pumping it by the selling fluid from five to ten times of the volume. This article contains a detailed calculation of the methodology and provides the diagrams for the solvent and inhibitor injection.

Green Corrosion Inhibitors to Head Off the Corrosion Rate of ST 37 Steels

The corrosions process is a natural process and cannot be hindered, but it can be protected by adding a green inhibitor. Green corrosion inhibitors are a new alternative solution for corrosion protection because they are low-cost, biodegradable, and eco-friendly inhibitors. This research was used papaya leaves dan guava leaves extract as organic inhibitor solution by Maceration Method. The concentration of these green inhibitors is 0 mL, 1 mL, 2.5 mL, 3 mL, and 3.5 mL. The type of testing method used in this research is FTIR, PDP, and weight loss. The results show that there is Tanin function groups in papaya leaves and guava leaves extract. The potentiodynamic polarization shows the value of corrosion rate without inhibitor is 0,418 mm/year. In contrast, the corrosion rate was decreased with improving the green inhibitor as many 3.5 mL. The corrosion rate was decreased until 0,00055 mm/year, and the value of efficiency is 99,868%.

Corrosion Inhibition Property of Amoxicillin Drug for Al-2014 Alloy in 1M HCl Solution

We focus on the corrosion behavior of Al-2014 alloy in the 1M HCl acidic medium. Also, the inhibition property of Amoxicillin on Al-2014 alloy was studied with different concentrations at different temperatures. The micrographs with and without inhibitor are examined with FE-SEM. It reveals that the Amoxicillin-treated surface has prevented corrosion compared to the untreated Al-2014 alloy. The potentiodynamic measurements reveal that Al-2014 alloy with 150ppm of inhibitor solution has the highest tendency to prevent corrosion in 1M HCl solution in all the samples at different temperatures. It is also verified from the adsorption isotherm, the high inhibition rate is due to the value of ′𝐾𝑎𝑑𝑠′ (6592.3kJ/mol.(25°C), 4524.09kJ/mol.(35°C)) and ΔG0(25°𝐶, 35°𝐶) ≈ −33.8, −33.9𝑘𝐽/𝑚𝑜𝑙.. From the EIS studies, the inhibition samples show a higher ‘Rct’ value implies good corrosion resistance. It is also confirmed from the equivalent circuit by Nyquist plots.

Study of nitrogen compounds in different atmospheric compartments

<p>Nitrogen molecules are present in the atmosphere also as inorganic ions (ammonium, nitrate…) and organic (peptides and proteins). Nowadays, there is still poor knowledge concerning the sources and fate of proteins and peptides in the atmosphere. In a larger context aiming at exploring microbial communities’ functioning in the atmosphere, the goal of this study is to examine the atmospheric proteome (peptide and protein contents, sequence, size distribution, biological functions) in the different atmospheric compartment (aerosols, cloud and rain waters).</p><p>Aerosols, cloud water and rain samples were collected at remote places nearby Clermont – Ferrand city (France) and from the Mountain “Puy de Dôme” (1465 m asl). Cloud droplet impactors and high volume impingers were used for allowing immediate fixation of the samples, by collecting within a protease inhibitor solution. Samples were filtered (0.22 µm porosity) and the proteins from water were digested using trypsin. The peptides were purified by solid phase extraction (SPE) method, concentrated by lyophilisation and analysed by LC – HRMS and MS². Preliminary results indicate the recurrence of certain small peptides in particular. Some of these most frequently observed peptides were selected as models for photochemical experiments. Briefly, these small peptides were irradiated under solar simulated conditions and products were identified by IC – MS, to assess the impact of such processes on the chemical composition of the atmosphere.</p><p>The next step will consist in analysing our observations along with chemical and biological parameters such as biodiversity, transcriptomic profiles, in order to better understand the interaction between microorganisms and atmosphere processes.</p>

An Ecofriendly Inhibitor- Influence of Mollugo pentaphylla in Reinforced Concrete

In reinforced concrete structures corrosion is the most destructive challenging problem. Many techniques are available to reduce corrosion. Extracts from plant have been used as a protective coating for steel reinforcement.The corrosion inhibiting nature of the extract of Mollugo pentaphylla in M20 grade concrete was examined in this paper.The cube casted were exposed to 3% NaCl for 56 days and it was investigated by using gravimetric method,pH measurement, open circuit potential test and compressive strength test. The compressive strength test was conducted after curing for 28 days. The inhibitor solution was prepared using distilled water and extract of Mollugo pentaphylla for 0%, 50% and 100% concentration. From the results it has been observed that the inhibiting efficiency increases with the decrease in concentration.

The Potential of Red Dragon Fruit Skin (Hylocereanea Polyrhizus) as a Corrosion Inhibitor

Penelitian tentang pengaruh ekstrak kulit buah naga merah (Hylocereus Polyrhizus) sebagai bahan inhibitor terhadap laju korosi baja plat hitam (Base Plate) A36 dengan menggunakan metode weight loss telah dilakukan. Kulit buah naga merah berpotensi sebagai bahan inhibitor organik karena mengandung senyawa antioksidan diantaranya flavonoid dan tanin. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh variasi volume larutan inhibitor yaitu 10, 20 dan 30 ml terhadap perubahan massa sampel, selain itu juga ingin mengetahui pengaruh variasi volume larutan inhibitor terhadap nilai laju korosi dan efesiensi inhibisi pada sampel baja A36. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, perubahan massa didapat dari selisih massa sebelum dan sesudah perendaman dalam larutan inhibitor, nilai perubahan massa maksimum pada volume 30 ml yaitu sebesar 0,073 g. Nilai laju korosi relatif untuk sampel yang dilapisi inhibitor akan semakin menurun, pada volume 30 ml yaitu sebesar 0,001 cm/tahun dengan nilai efisiensi sebesar 98%. Research on the effect of red dragon fruit peel extract (Hylocereus Polyrhizus) as an inhibitor material on the corrosion rate of A36 black plate steel using weight loss method has been carried out. Red dragon fruit skin potential as an organic inhibitor that is containing antioxidant compounds include flavonoids and tannins. This study aims to determine the effect of variations in inhibitor solution volume for 10, 20 and 30 ml on changes in sample mass, the effect of variation in inhibitor solution volume on corrosion rate value and inhibitor efficiency of A36 steel samples is also studied. Based on the results of the study, changes in mass were obtained from the difference in mass before and after immersion in an inhibitor solution, the maximum mass change value at a volume of 30 ml is equal to 0.073 g, while the value of the corrosion rate is relatively decreasing. At a volume of 30 ml, the corrosion rate is equal to 0.001 cm/year with an efficiency value of 98%. Keywords: Korosi, Antioksidan, Kulit, Buah Naga Merah, efisiensi

EFFECT OF DUKEM INHIBITOR ON AISI 1010 IN THE SECONDARY COOLING SYSTEM OF RSG GAS

The secondary coolant of RSG GAS is an open system whose components are easy to interact with oxygen from surrounding environment to initiate corrosion. Corrosion controls are usually done by adding inhibitors. Dukem inhibitors are one alternative substitute inhibitor that may be used in the secondary cooling system of RSG GAS. The purpose of this study is to find out the optimum dukem concentration that needs to be added to RSG GAS secondary cooling system and to understand the interaction phenomenon between dukem inhibitors and AISI 1010 material. The analysis of orthophospat content as an active compound in dukem inhibitors is done by FTIR and UV-vis spectrophotometer. The phenomenon of interaction between inhibitors and material is studied by FTIR, SEM and XRD. Corrosion test with potentiostat is performed to assess the optimal concentration of dukem inhibitor which should be added. From the results of FTIR analysis, it is known that the active compounds in dukem inhibitors are ortho-phosphate. The analysis using UV-vis spectrophotometer showed that orthophospat concentration is 4.2 ppm. The SEM analysis demonstrated the presence of an inhibitor layer, which is capable of masking the surface porosity. The AISI 1010 material has better corrosion resistance when inhibitor was injected to the coolant of 150 ppm. The corrosion rate decreased by by 45.20% from 10.95 mpy to 6.02 mpy. The type of dukem inhibitor is mixed type inhibitor. Visually, corrosion product was not formed in the AISI 1010 surface during immersed in the inhibitor solution but it is clearly adhered on surface when immersed in solution added by inhibitors. It can be concluded that dukem inhibitors can be used as inhibitors in RSG GAS secondary cooling systems.Keywords: dukem, inhibitor, corrosion, secondary cooling system, RSG GAS. PENGARUH INHIBITOR DUKEM terhadap proses korosi pada SISTEM PENDINGIN SEKUNDER RSG GAS. Sistem pendingin sekunder RSG GAS merupakan sistem pendingin resirkulasi terbuka. Komponen pendingin ini mudah berinteraksi dengan udara luar yang mengandung banyak oksigen sehingga dapat mempercepat proses korosi. Salah satu cara pengendalian korosi adalah dengan penambahan inhibitor. Inhibitor dukem merupakan salah satu alternatif inhibitor pengganti yang dapat di gunakan pada sistem pendingin sekunder. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui konsentrasi penambahan dukem yang optimal ke pendingin sekunder RSG GAS dan untuk mengetahui fenomena interaksi inhibitor dukem terhadap material AISI 1010. Analisis kandungan ortophospat sebagai senyawa aktif pada inhibitor dukem dilakukan dengan FTIR dan spektrofotometer uv-vis. Fenomena interaksi antara inhibitor dengan material di lakukan dengan analisis FTIR, SEM dan XRD. Uji korosi dengan potensiostat akan memberikan informasi konsentrasi optimium inhibitor dukem dan tipe inhibitor yang sebaiknya di gunakan. Dari hasil analisis FTIR diketahui bahwa kandungan senyawa aktif pada inhibitor dukem adalah senyawa orto-phospat. Analisis menggunakan spektrofotometer uv-vis memperoleh kadar ortophospat sebesar 4,2 ppm. Analisis SEM menunjukkan adanya lapisan inhibitor yang mampu menutupi porositas (spheroid) pada permukaan AISI 1010. Analisis XRD menunjukkan adanya komposisi produk korosi oksida FeO(OH) pada permukaan AISI 1010 jika tidak ditambahan inhibitor. Material AISI 1010 mempunyai ketahanan terhadap korosi yang lebih baik ketika inhibitor ditambahkan ke dalam pendingin sebesar 150 ppm. Hal ini terlihat dari penurunan kecepatan laju korosi sebesar 45,20% dari 10,95 mpy menjadi 6,02 mpy. Analisis tafel menunjukkan inhibitor dukem merupakan jenis inhibitor campuran. Secara visual, produk korosi tidak terbentuk pada permukaan AISI 1010 ketika direndam dalam larutan inhibitor sedangkan produk korosi terlihat jelas pada specimen tanpa inhibitor. Dari penelitian ini dapat ditarik kesimpulan bahwa inhibitor dukem dapat digunakan sebagai inhibitor pada sistem pendingin sekunder RSG GAS. Kata Kunci : dukem, inhibitor, korosi, pendingin sekunder, RSG GAS