Interference Errors in Numerical Expression by Vietnamese EFL Speakers

This paper aims to investigate numerical expression by Vietnamese speakers of English as a foreign language (EFL). The study identifies and explains the causes of interference errors in expressing number of nouns. A descriptive-cognitive research design was conducted error-oriented investigation of 62 high-school students and 30 employees working in English-speaking companies participating in writing a 45-minute essay for numerical errors from the essays collected. The findings revealed that Vietnamese EFL speakers had difficulty in expressing the number of the entities represented by the nouns due to differences in means and manner of numerical expression in English whose sentences are numerically compulsory and grammatically relevant as opposed to those in Vietnamese whose numerical category is grammatically unimportant, but lexically relevant, and seen with number-neutral nouns or general numbers. Errors also occurred as Vietnamese EFL speakers failed to acquire the count-uncount distinction due in part to differences in perceptualizing the numerical meaning of the entities represented by nouns, ascribing the countability wrong and keeping the same property of countable/uncountable nouns despite having referred to different referents. The paper ended with some pedagogical implications to help Vietnamese EFL speakers improve numerical errors when using English.

USING THE AUTOCAD COMPUTER PROGRAM IN DETERMINING IDENTIFICATION SIGNS IN THE HANDWRITING EXAMINATION OF SIGNATURES

The last decades have been characterized by the rapid development of computer technologies and its widespread use in various fields of science, education, production, etc. The sphere of law enforcement is no exception, including the use of these technologies for conducting expert research. At the same time, certain problems of digitalization (translation of information into digital form) of technical and forensic studies and, in particular, studies of handwriting studies, are still observed. The article deals with the issue of the possibility of using the computer system AutoCAD in determining the identification signs in the handwriting examination of signatures. Comparing the numerical values of handwriting features obtained for a number of samples and for the objects under study, at the stage of comparative research, it is possible to establish whether the resulting numerical values characterizing some individual graphic features of the signature under study do not go beyond the variability limits determined for samples of signatures of a certain person Perhaps, by deepening and developing this method, it will be possible to identify such parameters that are characteristic only of the signature of a certain person. It should be noted that the proposed method of numerical expression of some graphic features of signatures does not cover all the variety of these features. These are signs related to the shape of the movements, direction, curvature, sequence of execution, the method of beginning and ending movements, etc. Such incompleteness needs to be carefully refined and opens wide opportunities for further research.

The City as a Socio-economic and Natural System

The modern city is increasingly seen as a socio-economic and natural system - they must be seen as complex entities. They differ in their development and size. Their identity, though rooted in history, is constantly changing. Over time they have undergone evolution caused by new needs. The modern city is a mirror of socio-economic problems, on the one hand. When exploring the city, it is necessary to apply a holistic approach and consider it as a system. The aim of this study is to develop a complex indicator for urban development which requires the application of a methodology for normalization, categorization and aggregation of data. The obtained result gives a concrete assessment of the development of the city in numerical expression on the basis of complex criteria, which allows adequate and clear comparison between the cities.

Мorphometric and reproductive indicators of roosters with hyper- and hypogonadism in the pre-functional period

The effect of testicular mass in the prefunctional period on the morphometric and reproductive indices of roosters was studied. Ultrasound diagnostics were used to determine the size of the testicles. It is established that roosters of line A Birkivska barvysta (silver leghorn) are heterogeneous in weight of testicles in the prefunctional period; they should be distinguished as B- and M-roosters with a relative weight of testicles, respectively, up to and more than 40 mg/100 g. The incubation indices of egg quality were determined in two groups of chickens with 32 heads each with their content with roosters selected by live weight, the size of the comb and testicles. In the first and second groups of chickens were planted roosters with testicles 12-17 and 7-8 mm long at 4 months of age, respectively. In B-roosters, compared to M-roosters, the advantages of sperm (higher concentration, greater motility) were found, and higher egg fertilization when kept with chickens. The severity of correlative relationships between body masses, combs, and testicles in B-roosters is significantly less than that of M-roosters, which is probably due to their lower sensitivity to stress factors. The ratio of the mass of the comb to the mass of the testicles (C/T), whose numerical expression was in the range from 1.6 to 49, may be a new morphometric characteristic of the rooster. Of the 4-month-old offspring of B-roosters, 8 heads were selected for live weight, ridge sizes and testicular lengths within 16-20 mm. 8 groups of chickens of 8 each were also formed; a rooster was planted in each group. The total fertilization of eggs on 4 tabs within two months was 98%. It is concluded that the morphophysiological features of B-roosters persist in the offspring.

TO THE QUESTION OF EVALUATING CRITICITY OF ELEMENTS OF ERGATIC SYSTEM

The paper presents a scientific and methodological approach that allows to formalize the definition of the reliability of the ergatic system by determining its critical elements. The proposed approach is based on a matrix method for determining the performance of a complex ergatic system. The integral index is a numerical expression of the system performance. Calculating it for all the different variants of placing the «source» of the system operation allows you to identify the most critical elements to ensure maximum performance. The actual dependence of the value of the integral index of the system on the initial graph of its functioning is shown on a specific example.