Rhombus-Shaped Cross-Slot and Notched Loaded Microstrip Patch Antenna

The aim is to design a Rhombus microstrip patch antenna. The antenna operates at FL=1.447 GHz to FH=2.382 GHz frequency for wireless local area network (WLAN). This antenna operates at f=1.914 GHz resonant frequency. In microstrip patch antenna, many types of shapes like circular, triangular, rectangular, square, ring shape, etc. are used, but in this design a rectangular shape is used. In proposed antenna, the accuracy and efficiency are increased. Integral equation three-dimensional (3D) software (IE3D) is used for the optimize of the rhombus cross-slotted antenna design. The IE3D uses a full wave method of moment simulator. This antenna fabricated on FR4 glass epoxy double-sided copper dielectric material with relative permittivity of ∈ =4.4, thickness h= 1.60mm, and loss tangent is 0.013.

Efficient Rectenna Circuit for Wireless Power Transmission

Wireless power transmission is the transmission of electrical energy without using any conductor or wire. It is useful to transfer electrical energy to those places where it is hard to transmit energy using conventional wires. In this chapter, the authors designed and implemented a wireless power transfer system using the basics of radio frequency energy harvesting. Numerical data are presented for power transfer efficiency of rectenna. From the simulated results, it is clear that the anticipated antenna has single band having resonant frequency 2.1 GHz. The anticipated antenna has impedance bandwidth of 62.29% for single band. The rectenna has maximum efficiency of 60% at 2.1 GHz. The maximum voltage obtained by DC-DC converter is 4V at resonant frequency.

Development of Novel Design to Enhance the Characteristics of Flexible Antenna

This chapter proposed triple band novel geometry and enhanced characteristics of flexible textile antenna. The proposed radio wire indicates wideband execution with wide data transfer capacity of 20.50% covering the recurrence scope of 6.3039 GHz to 7.7445 GHz, 11.57% covering the recurrence scope of 9.0694 GHz to 10.184 GHz, and 8.23% in the recurrence scope of 12.497 GHz to 13.57 GHz. In this chapter, reenacted outcomes like return loss, directivity, and radiation characteristics have been contemplated.

A Hammer Type Textile Antenna With Partial Circle Ground for Wide-Band Application

In this chapter, a partial circle ground textile patch antenna for wideband applications with better bandwidth is presented. The simulated antenna is proposed on textile jeans substrate having dielectric constant of 1.7. The radius of textile jeans substrate antenna is 15 mm. The overall simulation of partial circle grounded shaped antenna has been done using CST simulation tool. The simulated antenna resonates at frequency 9.285 GHz with the reflection coefficient of -28 dB. It covers a bandwidth from 7.008 GHz to 9.64 GHz. It has maximum directivity of 4.540 dBi.

Performance Analysis of Cascade H-Bridge Multilevel Inverter Topology With Filter Circuit and Without Filter Circuit

Multilevel inverter is a modified version of inverter. Multilevel inverter recently emerged in the area of high power and medium voltage application. In the last few decades, the great innovation has been done to improve the inverter performance, and it is challenging even today. The multilevel inverter performance is examined by total harmonic distortion and component required. In multilevel, as level increases, the total harmonic distortion value decreases, but the number of components required and driver circuit increases that make the circuit more complex and also the effect on cost. So, the challenge is to balance the bridge between cost and total harmonic distortion. This chapter simulates the various levels of conventional cascade H-bridge inverter and new proposed topology of multilevel inverter with using different modulation techniques and with using filter circuit and without filter circuit.

Multi-Band Rectangular Zig-Zag-Shaped Microstrip Patch Antenna for Wireless Applications

In the era of fifth generation communication system, multi-band patch antenna is the key element of this system. Most of the wireless communication devices work in the range of 1 to 6 GHz such as wireless fidelity (Wi-Fi), Wi-Max, and wireless local area network. In this research work, a modified zig-zag-shaped multiband patch antenna with cross-cut set that covers 1 to 6 GHz range is designed. Proposed patch antenna shows five different bands at different resonant frequencies 1.4, 2.3, 2.5, 3.42, and 4.16 all in GHz. The proposed zig-zag-shaped patch antenna also calculates the radiation pattern and specific absorption rate (SAR).

Design of RF Rectenna on Thin Film to Power Wearable Electronics

This chapter reports a hybrid wearable energy harvesting system. Integration of microwave antenna on thin film amorphous silicon solar cell creates a hybrid system that can harvest both the solar and microwave energies. The antenna designed on solar cell will harvest the microwave energy at dual frequencies 1.85 GHz and 2.45 GHz with an effective return loss of 28dB and 27dB respectively. A complete hybrid harvesting system consist of a flexible solar cell, antenna, voltage doubler, and impedance matching dual band filter. The rectifier, designed on a rigid glass-reinforced epoxy substrate, is a voltage doubler and a matching circuit is designed by microstrip lines is used.

Relationship Between Co-Axial Probe Feed and Inset Feed in Rectangular Microstrip Patch

In this chapter, an equation is obtained using curve fit formula that shows the relationship between the simulated co-axial probe feed distance and theoretically inset feed distance in rectangular microstrip patch antenna. The simulation process is performed using IE3D simulation software tool and theoretical calculation performed by the cavity model. Using this equation, one can avoid hit and trial for getting simulated co-axial feed distance by knowing theoretically inset feed distance. A ratio also has been developed between co-axial probe feed and inset probe feed.

Wearable Antenna Materials

The aim of this chapter is to identify various materials being used currently for antenna design classified as wearable materials. In the current scenario, no study was found where collectively all the available materials and their properties could be discussed including their pros and cons features. This chapter identifies various available materials on the basis of their characteristics, availability, and the methodology of fabrication being involved along with their corresponding properties. Post detailed study and analysis done in this research enabled us to broadly classify the materials as conductive and substrate materials. This brings to the understanding that earlier no such broader classification was made available, and hence, a comprehensive study would provide us better information availability on various wearable antenna materials.

Slotted Wearable Antenna for WLAN and LTE Applications

Slotted wearable antenna is designed at frequency 2.4 GHz due to its application for wireless application and radiolocation. Proposed antenna is used for radiolocation through which detection of objects is possible using a tracking system of radio waves by analyzing the properties of received radio waves. Proposed design employs denim material as a substrate with copper patch as conducting layer. Denim fabric layer of 1mm thickness with permittivity of 1.7 and loss tangent of 0.025 is used as substrate. Dimensions of proposed antenna are calculated using a transmission line model. Proposed antenna has bandwidth percentage of 46% with center frequency 2.42 GHz, and it has high radiation efficiency 93.69%. It covers the frequency range between 2.18 GHz and 3.49 GHz, which works on WLAN applications (2.4-2.484 GHz) and LTE band (2.17 GHz).