Legitimasi Kedudukan Kepala Desa dalam Penyelesaian Sengketa Agraria

The agrarian disputes often occur in rural areas, considering that the majority of the livelihoods of rural communities are farmers. In this regard, rural communities also cannot be avoided from agrarian conflicts that occur between residents, including in terms of inheritance. This social legal research aims to analyze the factors causing the occurrence of agrarian conflicts in rural areas; and explain the role of the village head in dealing with disputes related to land. This empirical legal research uses a qualitative approach that is based on primary data and secondary data as obtained through a series of observations, interviews, and documentation. The results of the study indicate that rural communities tend to choose the head of village as the party that resolves agrarian disputes in rural areas. Therefore, the rural community perspective believes and considers the head of village to be able to provide a sense of community justice. The scheme used by the head of village is mediation or what is often called 'deliberation for consensus'. KEYWORDS: Land, Customary Law, Head of Village, Amadanom, Malang.

Realisme Hukum: Peradilan Adat dalam Perspektif Keadilan Sosial

Aspects of positivism with its normative approach are often taught in various law schools as a single perspective. The study of law can be based on legal realism. Nevertheless, there is still a debate about legal realism's working pattern and contribution to juridical science. This study that introduced legal realism worked with socio-legal method based on the literature review. It aimed to elaborate on the concept of legal-realism as an epistemology of the socio-legal school, which leads to the conception of customary law and legal anthropology. With a naturalistic approach and supported by theories of customary law and legal anthropology. This study showed that legal realism as a school in philosophy and juridical studies based on empirical studies need to be developed. It referred to legal realism conceptualized in Scandinavia and America that was suitable to Indonesia's legal context, especially customary law as the law that lives in society. Therefore, the law that lives in society is strengthened through verdict and law enforcement officers as symbols of the state. It suggested that legal realism is also taught in law schools at universities, so that legal academics have diverse points of view, both in the legal discipline and as a research method. KEYWORDS: Customary Law, Socio-Legal, Social Justice, Legal Realism.

Aspek Regulasi dan Kewenangan Penegakan Hukum Pajak Reklame

Billboard tax collection in Surabaya is carried out based on the Mayor's Regulation Number 21 of 2018. This regulation licenses procedure and other matters that the taxpayer must obey. This study examined how to enforce the law on the delay in paying advertisement tax. This study used empirical legal research that observed the effectiveness of the law in society and how the law works in society. The data collected were from documentation from literature and legislation, observation in the community, and interviews with related parties. It showed that law enforcement was effective but with several obstacles experienced in enforcing the law. In particular, it dealt with the COVID-19 pandemic as the challenge that required new conditioning according to the recommendations from the central government. This study concluded that the law enforcement of billboard tax payments in Surabaya is quite effective due to the achievement of tax revenue targets that always reach the target. KEYWORDS: Advertisement Tax, Billboard Tax, Law Enforcement, Tax, Surabaya.

Mengoptimalkan Peran Lembaga Perfilman Indonesia: Analisis Aspek Hak Cipta terhadap Praktik Siaran Video Ilegal

The film is part of the intellectual property rights attached to the creator. Nowadays, it is commonly agreed that violation of intellectual property rights portrays in film piracy for personal gain is inevitable, with illegal streaming services. This study aimed to examine film protection, conduct a study of film institutions, and find concepts to protect films in Indonesia. The study used a juridical method with the statute and conceptual approaches. In so doing, it used secondary data processed using library research techniques. The study showed that illegal movie streaming rampant in Indonesia practiced illegal streaming movies. It violated the intellectual property rights inherent in the creator, resulting in enormous losses for the creators. There are further problems in the laws and regulations, and the government must accommodate preventive actions. This study suggested three components: correctional, supervision, and copyright protection against illegal movie streaming in Indonesia; and these components were to maximize the role of stakeholders. KEYWORDS: Illegal Streaming Movies, Indonesian Film Institute, Intellectual Property Rights and Copyrights

Telaah Efektivitas Mekanisme Pemberhentian Presiden Indonesia: Perbandingan Praktik Amerika Serikat dan Korea Selatan

Impeachment is a part of the control mechanism in the constitutional system to allege the President's violation of the constitution. Impeachment characterizes presidential systems as implemented in various countries, such as the United States, South Korea, and Indonesia. This study aimed to examine the rule and practice on the impeachment of the President and/or Vice President in Indonesia, with reference to the United States and South Korea. Then, it analyzed how this mechanism is effective to be implemented in Indonesia. This study used a juridical research method with a comparative law approach. This study indicated differences in impeachment in the United States, South Korea, and Indonesia. The impeachment mechanism in the United States only involved representative institutions, but that in Indonesia and South Korea required judicial intervention. In particular, Indonesia's impeachment dealt with the decision that remained in the hands of the political institution, the People's Consultative Assembly. In South Korea, the final decision ended in the judicial institution. Through this comparison, Indonesia should reformulate the impeachment mechanism of the President and/or Vice President in Indonesia with the following suggestions. First, regarding allegations of serious violations, the final impeachment decision must be in the Constitutional Court. Second, concerning allegations of misconduct, the decision on impeachment must rest with the People's Consultative Assembly. KEYWORDS: Impeachment, Indonesia, South Korea, United States.

Sanksi Penundaan atau Penghentian Jaminan Sosial Pada Masa Pandemi COVID-19

Social security program reflects state's responsibilities to provide social and economic protection to citizens. However, social security in Indonesia has remained to become a central issue after Presidential Regulation Number 14 of 2021. This regulation outlines administrative sanctions on delaying or terminating social security for citizens that refuse vaccines. This study examined the issue from philosophical, juridical, and sociological perspectives on the administrative sanctions for delaying or terminating the social security related to the vaccine requirements. This study used a legal research method with statutory, conceptual, and case approaches. This study indicated that the regulation regarding the postponement or termination of social security provision contradicted Article 20(1) of Law Number 40 of 2004 on the National Social Security System. Also, it violated human rights about the right to social security based on the 1945 Constitution. Instead, to succeed in vaccination, it should adopt a socio-cultural approach by combining legal instruments with elements of local culture in the community for legitimating vaccination as its part of being accepted in the society. KEYWORDS: Social Security Program, Presidential Regulation, Administrative Sanctions, Vaccines, COVID-19.

Kebijakan Pencabutan Hak Politik sebagai Pidana Tambahan dalam Perkara Korupsi di Indonesia

Additional criminal to revoking political rights imposed on convicted corruption cases are referred to as extraordinary policy and efforts made in the context of eradicating the criminal act of corruption, in which corruption is categorized as an extra ordinary crime. The basis for additional criminal law deprivation of political rights is contained in the Criminal Code (KUHP) and Law Number 31 of 1999 concerning Eradication of Corruption as amended by Law Number 20 of 2001 (UU PTPK). This study aims to examine the additional criminal policy of deprivation of political rights against convicted corruption cases seen from the perspective of the purpose of punishment and the suitability of the legal basis used to apply additional crimes of deprivation of political rights against convicts of corruption. The type of research used in this study is the juridical normative research type. The methods used are the statutory approach method, conceptual approach, and case approach. Meanwhile, for data collection techniques, this study uses legal materials consisting of: a.) Primary legal materials, namely statutory regulations and court decisions; b.) secondary legal materials include legal books, legal journals and other scientific works in the field of law. The results of this study first reveal that the additional punishment for depriving political rights is not against the purpose of punishment. It reveals that the additional criminal legal basis for deprivation of political rights for convicted corruption cases should be more specific in determining the length of time for deprivation of political rights in the PTPK Law. KEYWORDS: Policy, Additional Punishment, Political Rights, Corruption

Meninjau Ulang Ketentuan Presidential Threshold dalam Pemilihan Presiden dan Wakil Presiden di Indonesia

The presidential threshold is a requirement for the nomination of the President and Vice President to meet the minimum threshold percentage for support from the DPR or the number of valid national votes. Presidential threshold provisions are contained in various laws and regulations regarding Elections. This research is juridical study using a conceptual approach and statute approach. The legal materials used in this research are primary and secondary legal materials. The two legal materials are inventoried; then used as a basis for compiling a prescriptive study of the legal issues raised. The results of this study state that the presidential threshold has started since 2004. Regulations regarding post-reform elections always include a presidential threshold. Then, the presidential threshold has been 'tested' several times by the Constitutional Court. Various decisions of the Constitutional Court stated that the presidential threshold is one of the provisions which is the domain of open legal policy for legislators or the making of laws. Furthermore, the implication of the presidential threshold is aimed at simplifying the fragmentation of political parties in parliament. The nominations for the President and Vice President promoted by the parliamentary political party actually allow for more than two candidates; and it is also possible to have an Election that does not get the support of more than 50 persen of the voters' vote. Thus, effectiveness is needed regarding the implementation of the presidential threshold provisions in the presidential system by strengthening relations between presidential institutional actors and the President's non-institutional personnel. KEYWORDS: Presidential Threshold, General Election, Open Legal Policy.

Outsourcing sebagai Pelanggaran Terhadap Hak Para Pekerja di Indonesia

The problem experienced by contract workers or outsourcing are quite varied, which includes the potential of human rights violations. This is because the insufficient existing regulations in Indonesia protect contract workers. This study is legal research, which uses statutory and conceptual approaches that utilize primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials. The technique of collecting legal materials in this legal research uses literature study. This study shows that outsourcing workers are the most disadvantaged party in a work agreement, remarkably where they are terminated. The outsourcing worker will not get the normative rights like ordinary workers. Outsourced workers do not have a fixed work period. Then, the working period returns to the beginning when a work contract agreement occurs. The work contract system with probation conducted by the company directly benefits the company. It can violate human rights due to the absence of wages based on the length of work provided by the company. As a result, it is essential to pay attention to agency workers' conditions to obtain legal protection for human rights. Human rights are fundamental and must be legally protected. Thus, legal protection regarding the rights of outsourced workers can be carried out by the local government by issuing policies that regulate legal protection for agency workers. Finally, companies will pay more attention to the welfare of workers. KEYWORDS: Outsourcing Workers, Right to Work, Legal Protection.

Peran Pejabat Pembuat Akta Tanah dalam Proses Peralihan Jual Beli Hak atas Tanah

The Land Deed Official (PPAT) is a public official granted the authority to make deeds of transfer of land rights, assignment of land rights, and authorization to impose mortgage rights according to the prevailing laws and regulations. However, the question arises about how significant the role of PPAT is in transferring the sale and purchase of land rights, considering the laws and regulations governing land sale and purchase are potentially irrelevant to the current situation. This study aims to analyze the role of PPAT in transferring the sale and purchase of land rights. This type of research is normative juridical research; by using a statutory approach and a conceptual approach. This study uses primary and secondary legal materials. Then, it is described and analyzed to answer the problem to clarify the role of PPAT. The study's results reveal that the process of transferring land rights can be carried out using customary law with three options, namely adol plas, adol gadai, and adol tahunan. Then, from the national law's perspective, land rights commerce must meet the material requirements and formal requirements. PPAT has an essential role in registering land data, namely by making evidence of legal actions regarding land plots. The PPAT position has a strategic role in making authentic deeds a requirement in transferring land rights due to sale and purchase. KEYWORDS: PPAT, Deed of Sale and Purchase, Transfer of Rights.