Investigating the Dimensionality of Work Life Balance in Islamic Perspective (Wlbip): An Insight from Indonesia

Purpose: This study aims to investigate the dimension of Work Life Balance with Islamic perspective (WLBIP) approach in the employee of Baitul Maal Wa Tamwil or Islamic Financing Savings and Loan Cooperatives in Special Region of Yogyakarta (DIY) Province, Indonesia. Methodology: This study is conducted to all managers and employees of Baitul Maal Wa Tamwil in DIY Province. The study is carried out to 28 Baitul Maal Wa Tamwil with the target sample of 200 respondents. The questionnaire returned is from 150 respondents. Findings: WLBIP can be measured with 3 indicators: (1) time balance in Islamic perspective (TBIP); (2) involvement balance in Islamic perspective (IBIP); and (3) satisfaction balance in Islamic perspective (SBIP). Significance: The concept and research regarding WLB with Islamic approach are still not found yet. The results of the study with non-Islamic approach are still inconsistent. This study introduces the concept of WLBIP with 3 dimensions: (1) time balance in Islamic perspective (TBIP); (2) involvement balance in Islamic perspective (IBIP); and (3) satisfaction balance in Islamic perspective (SBIP). This three dimensions use WLB concept approach by considering the balance between the worldlife and the afterlife aspects. Limitations/Implications: The limitations of this study are that the author only examined the employee of financial service company with quantitative approach. Therefore, future studies need to use qualitative approach with wider sample (not only Muslim respondents). The antecedents and consequences of WLBIP also needs to be analyzed further. The theoretical implication is that this study contributes to the enrichment of WLB theory, especially from Islamic perspective, which is called WLBIP. Thus, it can contribute to the literature of Islamic Management and Islamic Organizational Behavior.

Islamic Corporate Social Responsibility and Patronage of Non-interest Cooperative Societies in North-central, Nigeria

Purpose: This study interrogates the extent of implementation of economic and philanthropic dimensions of the Islamic Corporate Social Responsibility (ICSR) concept by Shar¯ı‘ah based cooperative societies with the primary purpose of ascertaining its effect on members’ rate of patronage of non-interest cooperative societies in Nigeria. Methodology: Partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLSSEM) with bootstrap processes were used to analyse the data collected from 210 members of the selected non-interest cooperative societies operating in the North-central region of Nigeria. Findings: The study’s results revealed that h. al¯al products and h.al¯al investments positively affect the members’ patronage rate of non-interest cooperative societies. In addition, it was discovered that Islamic philanthropic responsibility influenced the image/reputations of non-interest cooperative societies. Significance: This study is among the few studies that have examined the effect of corporate social responsibility on members’ patronage from an Islamic perspective. The import of the study stems from the fact that it broadly investigated the extent of implementation out of the six dimensions of corporate social responsibility. Limitations: The main constraints of the study are predicated on the fact that it was conducted in a region of the country and the study’s inability to isolate other factors which might have contributed to members’ patronage of non-interest cooperative societies. Implications: The study’s findings can aid the management of noninterest cooperative societies and other similar institutions in formulating strategic policies and programmes geared towards operating and promoting h.al¯al investment opportunities and supporting the indigent members of the communities through corporate charities/donations.

Editorial: The Riba¯ Case Pending for three Decades: The Federal Shar¯ı‘at Court, Pakistan may Fulfill its Constitutional Responsibility by Outlawing the Interest

While Islamic banking is being promoted by the State Bank of Pakistan (SBP) working parallel with theconventional banking since 2002, the Constitution of Pakistan requires that interest must be outlawed from The economy as early as possible [Article 38 (f)]. The legal trajectory of interest made its way to the Federal Shar¯ı‘at Court (FSC) after the 10-years moratorium on adjudicating fiscal and banking matters ended at the end of May 1990. The FSC and subsequently the Shar¯ı‘at Appellate Bench (SAB) of the Supreme Court of Pakistan delivered their landmark judgments in 1991 and 1999 respectively, but the state officials opted to hide behind some constitutional provisions, or the presumed view of some jurists /scholars to plead that the ‘interest" was not that rib¯a as prohibited by Qur’¯an. Although, the connotation of rib¯a has long been agreed at the level of Islamic ummah to include moderncommercial interest in rib¯a, and e_orts for evolving ‘interest-free’ banking and finance system are underway also including Pakistan, but there have been some hindrances in implementation of Islamic injunctions and the Shar¯ı‘at Courts’ judgments. The rib¯a case being reheard in the FSC since 2013, after it was remanded back by the SAB in 2001 is becoming gradually complicated. The debt trap for Pakistan’s economy is becoming increasingly painful requiring to transfer almost all resources for servicing the debt. However, little e_ort hasbeen made to transform the economy of Pakistan to risk and reward sharing and cooperative bases in the light of Islamic principles. During the hearing of the case in May this year the representatives of the state contended that "the non-justiciable policy decisions regarding implementable possibilities were beyond the jurisdiction ofthe Shar¯ı‘at Court.

The Impact of Dark Triads on employee’s Time Banditry Behavior: Moderating Role of Islamic Work Ethics

Purpose: The present study scrutinizes the novel concept of time banditry in the Banking sector. The study examined the impact of dark triad personalities- Machiavellianism, Narcissism, and Psychopathy, on the Time Banditry behavior. Also, the study extends the research on Islamic work ethics (IWE), whether IWE attenuates the detrimental effect of dark triad personalities on time banditry. Methodology: The study utilizes the survey method for data collection using questionnaire. Data was collected from 204 employees working in Islamic banks. Time-lagged data was collected at two time interval. Findings: Results confirmed that the dark triad has a significant impact on time banditry. Moreover, the moderating effect of IWE on the relationship between Machiavellianism, Psychopathy on time banditry is significant, whereas IWE did not moderate the relationship between Narcissism and time banditry. Significance: This is the first study that examine the impact of Dark Triad on Time Banditry and explore that whether Islamic Work Ethics attenuate this relationship in the context of Islamic banks in Pakistan. Implications: The main theoretical implication is toextends Dark triad literature in reducing its deteriorating effect on time banditry by integrating IWE. The theoretical model tested in the study and confirm empirical evidences in literature. Practical and Social Implications: This study prompts manager about the critical issue of time banditry and amond the dark traid personalities, which personality have more chances to indulge in such behavior. Also, managers can handle the dark triad employees by integrating IWE, to less indulge in undesirable behavior

Impact of Paternalistic Leadership on Organizational Readiness for Change: Mediating Role of Employee Engagement and Moderating Role of Islamic Work Ethics

Purpose: This study aims to investigate the impact of paternalistic leadership on organizational readiness for change: mediation of employee engagement and moderation of Islamic work ethics (IWE). Methodology: The sample size for this research is 203. The data were collected from faculty of private and public sector educational institutes that were in process of change. SPSS has been utilized for data analysis. Findings: Using Leader-Member Exchange (LMX) as a theoretical lens, the results indicate paternalistic leadership significantly positively impacts organizational readiness for change; employee engagement acts as a mediating agent between paternalistic leadership and organizational readiness for change; IWE moderates between the relationship of paternalistic leadership and employee engagement. Significance: The mediation of employee engagement and moderation of IWE between paternalistic leadership and organizational readiness for change is still under research so this makes our research a unique contribution. Limitations: This research shall add to the Islamic ethical principles of employees alongside output which will advantage the organization as well as employees. Implications: This research has managerial implications for change agents, organizational development (OD) consultants; policymakers of educational institutions, and professionals regarding change strategies, benefits, and the Islamic business environment.

Shar¯ı‘ah Governance Framework and Perception of Islamic Banking in Pakistan

Purpose: Globally commercialized Islamic Banks were launched in 1970s at Middle East, Africa while in year 2002 at Pakistan. As of 2019, there were 5 full-fledge Islamic Banks operating in Pakistan and nearly all conventional banks have Islamic windows. Islamic Banks captured more than 15.5% share of the total Pakistan’s banking market and have far greater potential and capacity to take major share in the market. Methodology: Researchers have examined State Bank of Pakistan’s Shar¯ı‘ah Governance Framework and compared it with the Shar¯ı‘ah governance framework of Malaysia, in light of IFSB guidelines. Based on key findings, focused group interviews of Shar¯ı‘ah scholars were carried out to get their perception about the Shar¯ı‘ah compliance and effectiveness of Shar¯ı‘ah Governance Framework in Pakistan. Findings: The study focused on 5 key components of a good governance system, independence of Shar¯ı‘ah board, competence, confidentiality, consistency and disclosure requirement. The study revealed that Pakistan’s Shar¯ı‘ah governance system is compliant with IFSB guidelines and comparable with Malaysian model. Significance: This study is a unique study in the context of Pakistan. The finding of this research study will provide a comprehensive over view of the Shar¯ı‘ah Governance Framework (SGF) and perception of the Shar¯ı‘ah Scholars on SGF. The study findings may be useful for Islamic banks and other institutions using Islamic mode of financing. Limitations: The study was conducted on a limited sample size mainly from Karachi however the study may be replicated on a bigger sample size and including other cities while the number of conducted interviews can be increased if we go for pan Pakistan as they were only 15 dues to limitation of city as Karachi. Practical Implication: The Shar¯ı‘ah scholars have positive opinion and shown satisfaction on Shar¯ı‘ah governance system and effectiveness of Shar¯ı‘ah controls.The study results can be used to improve public perception about Shar¯ı‘ah compliance of Islamic banking system in Pakistan.

The Global Perspective of Islamic Finance and the Potential for China to Tap into the Islamic Finance Market

Purpose: Islamic finance is considered one of the fastest-growing segments of the global financial industry. Over the last four decades, Islamic finance has expanded globally to western and other non-Muslim countries. This paper aims to explore the potential for China to tap into the Islamic finance market and the challenges that may face the implementation of Islamic finance there. Methodology: This study adopts a qualitative method of inquiry and utilizes the inductive method and content analysis to build comprehensive knowledge that would assist in exploring the significance and potential benefits that China may gain from the adoption of Islamic finance. Findings: The study reveals that China has a huge opportunity to capitalize on Islamic finance for economic development, particularly in the implementation of China’s Belt and Road Initiative (BRI). The paper also highlights the critical success factors for introducing Islamic finance in China, most importantly, political will. Genuine support from the government is needed for the effective introduction of Islamic finance in the country. This support should be subsequently followed by the development of the legal framework, an amendment of the laws, broad publicity to raise public awareness, and effective collaboration with international organizations. Significance: To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study is among the few which highlights the potential for China to tap into the Islamic finance market. It is expected to contribute to enhancing the implementation and development of the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI).

Shar¯ı‘ah Resolution and Islamic Finance: A Review

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to look into the Shar¯ı‘ah resolution framework in Islamic finance and see how it may be improved. This paper is based on a detailed examination of previous research into the need for a worldwide Shar¯ı‘ah Resolution mechanism to be applied across all IFIs. Methodology: A detailed analysis of past studies on the necessity of a Shar¯ı‘ah Resolution framework to be implemented globally by all IFIs was used to develop the qualitative method. Findings: Measuring the level of fatwá disclosure by specific Islamic banks through central banks Shar¯ı‘ah judgements will add to the existing literature while also filling a gap. Significance: This study is noteworthy because it lays the framework for future researchers on the topic. Using a central bank to assess the extent to which certain Islamic banks have disclosed fatwá. Limitations: These articles’ implications may aid in the explanation of Shar¯ı‘ah-related concerns in Islamic finance. Shar¯ı‘ah resolution in Islamic finance will be a significant Shar¯ı‘ah resource for new products supplied by Islamic financial institutions, as well as any existing goods given to new clients and industry practitioners. Implications: The fatwá is the legal response to the present difficulties that have arisen in the community. fatwá are used to disseminate knowledge to Muslims in order to alleviate their difficulties and misconceptions. Any fatwá-related knowledge will have an impact on individuals, societies, and organizations . As a result, this paper examined the role of fatwás in sharing information and determining how far fatwás can educate society in resolving problems.

Exploring the Antecedents of Different Dimensions of Intrapreneurship: The Case of Pakistani Software Industry in Islamic Perspective

Purpose: Given the lack of research on the dimensions of employees’ intrapreneurial behaviour, the current research speculates on the effect of spiritual leadership on three dimensions of employees’ intrapreneurialproactiveness, risk-taking, and innovativeness. The study also proposes psychological empowerment as a mediator of these links of spiritual leadership and the dimensions of intrapreneurship. Methodology: Survey data collected using a time-lagged strategy from 169 software developers working in Pakistan revealed that spiritual leadership positively influences all three dimensions of intrapreneurship. Likewise, psychological empowerment mediates spiritual leadership-proactiveness. Findings: Interestingly, the results revealed that psychological empowerment did not mediate the association of spiritual leadership with risk-taking and the association of spiritual leadership with innovativeness. Thus, we concluded that the dimensions of intrapreneurship can have different nomological networks of predictors and consequences. Significance: For theoretical contribution, this effect is important to study because intrinsic motivation (through psychological empowerment) can be an important predictor for intrapreneurship behaviour. Practical Implications: The study provides managers with important practical implications.

How Organizational Unfairness Impedes Service Employees Needs Fulfillment? The Case of Islamic Banking Industry in Pakistan

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to explore how organizational unfairness impedes fulfilment of various needs of non-managerial employees at Islamic banks. Methodology: The data were gathered through semi-structured interviews from sixteen non-managerial employees of different fully Islamic bank branches located in Rawalpindi and Islamabad, Pakistan. Findings: The study findings indicate that issues in the distributive, procedural and interactional justice elements of Islamic banks impedes fulfilment of basic, social, security, self-esteem, and self-actualization needs of non-managerial service employees of Islamic banks and adversely affects their wellbeing. Significance: This research contributes to the literature on organizational fairness by unpacking the ways in which issues in the organizational justice elements impeded non-managerial service employees’ life needs fulfilment. This study investigates the above-mentioned issue from the Islamic banks non-managerial employees’ perspective, which was not empirically investigated earlier. Limitations: The qualitative research findings might lack external validity or generalizability. In the future, a study could investigate this topic through survey research. Second, this research merely investigated how organizational unfairness impedes employees’ life needs. In future, a study could explore the strategies employed by the employees encountering organizational unfairness for resolving the issues relating to stress and other socio-economic aspects. Practical and Social Implications: This study findings provided an avenue to offer a number of practical implications to enhance fairness for non-managerial service employees in Islamic banks.