scholarly journals BIOGEOCHEMICAL EVALUATION OF THE VEGETATION STATUS OF REINDEER PASTURES OF THE NADYM DISTRICT OF THE YAMAL-NENETS AUTONOMOUS DISTRICT

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Vasilevna Agbalyan ◽  
Evgeny Andreevich Zarov ◽  
Ilya Vladimirovich Filippov ◽  
Elena Vladimirovna Shinkaruk ◽  
Christina Vasilevna Yulbarisova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Background Level ◽  
Environmental Safety ◽  
Dispersion Analysis ◽  
Essential Elements ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Widespread Species ◽  
Eriophorum Angustifolium ◽  
Fodder Plants ◽  
Local Background

The chemical elemental composition of the most widespread species of wood (Betula pubescens, Larix sibirica, Pinus sylvestris, Salix lanata), shrubs (Vaccinium vitis-idaea, Ledum palustust sl), herbs (Eriophorum angustifolium, Equisetum arvense) and lichens (Cladonia stellaris, Cladonia stygia). The concentrations of Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ga, As, Y, V, Na, Mg, Si, P, S, K, Ca, Ti, Mn, Fe, S obtained using the method of retgenofluorescence energy dispersion analysis. The features of the local biogeochemical background of plants are revealed and their geochemical specialization is studied. The greatest difference in the level of accumulation between different plant species was found for Ni, Zn, Ca, Mn, S, and Si. The analysis of the accumulation coefficients of chemical elements in plants relative to the local background level is carried out. Statistical significant differences in the elements accumulation by plants in different bioclimatic zones were revealed for Cu, Fe, Co, Cr, As, Mg, V, Y. The studied plants according to environmental safety criteria and the content of normalized micro- and macrocells mainly meet the requirements for fodder plants. The exception is the low content of nutrients Co, Na and K. For the prevention of animal diseases associated with a deficiency of essential elements, it is necessary to optimize the diet of deer by enriching feed with biologically active substances and macro- and microelements.

Primary Teeth and Hair as Indicators of Environmental Pollution

2016 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 152-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
TE Shishniashvili ◽  
NN Suladze ◽  
VV Margvelashvili
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Pollution ◽  
Toxic Elements ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Epidemiological Survey ◽  
Essential Elements ◽  
World Health ◽  
Dental Tissues ◽  
Dental Hard Tissues ◽  
Hard Tissues ◽  
Health Organization

Objectives: To study the influence of environmental pollution on the mineralization of dental hard tissues by using biosubstrates: teeth and hair. :Study design: At the first stage epidemiological survey was conducted in polluted and less polluted areas of Tbilisi (Georgia). We studied 525 children aged 3 and 4 years. Caries prevalence and intensity was defined by the methodology of World Health Organization. At the second stage the chemical elements content was studied in hair and teeth hard tissues of 24 children by X - ray fluorescent spectroscopy method. Results: The prevalence of dental caries in the polluted region was 46%, caries intensity − 1.92 (± 2.842). In the less polluted region prevalence was 37%, caries intensity − 1.47 (± 2.571). These data are statistically reliable (p < 0.05). The study of hair and tooth tissues showed that the toxic elements (Pb, Hg, Sn, Ti) content in these tissues was higher in environmentally unfavorable than in favorable conditions. Conclusion: Hair and dental tissues can be used as indicators of environmental pollution. Our survey showed that toxic elements content in dental hard tissues was higher and the level of essential elements was less in polluted than in less polluted areas of Tbilisi.

scholarly journals COMPARATIVE ASSESSMENT OF THE BIOCHEMISTRY OF APPLE FRUITS OF ALTAI VARIETIES AS A SOURCE OF NUTRITIOUS AND BIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE SUBSTANCES

2021 ◽  
pp. 245-252
Author(s):  
Sergey Aleksandrovich Makarenko
Keyword(s):  
Biochemical Composition ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Apple Trees ◽  
Statistical Variation ◽  
Good Taste ◽  
High Sugar Content ◽  
Autumn And Winter

A comparative analysis of the varietal variability of the fruits of 71 varieties of apple trees of Altai selection in terms of biochemical composition, according to generally accepted methods using statistical variation analysis based on long-term research, was carried out. Correlations were revealed between the content of chemical elements depending on other characteristics of the fruit and the period of ripening. The average content of soluble dry matter in fruits is from an average 15.5% in summer varieties to a high 16.2–16.3% in varieties with autumn and winter ripening. On average, the content of total sugars in fruits is high and varies insignificantly from 12.7 to 12.9%, the content of titratable acids in fruits is high – 1.0%. The content of ascorbic acid is higher in fruits of varieties with summer ripening and is 24.0 mg / 100 g, with autumn – 19.6 mg / 100 g, with winter – 22.0 mg / 100 g. As a result of selection for the qualitative improvement of fruits apple trees in Altai revealed a negative correlation of the biochemistry of the fetus, depending on its size for all indicators. Fruits of a significant part of varieties created in Altai have good taste, of which 27 have a sugar-acid index of 15–25. The fruits of the varieties Alpek, Altai Velvet, Altai New Year, Altai ruddy, Altai sweet, Gornoaltayskoe, Zolotaya taiga, Pepinka Altai have a very high sugar content of more than 15%, a high value of the sum of sugars – in fruits of 59 varieties from 10.0 to 14.9%. Varieties with high biochemical characteristics are their sources in breeding for improved biochemical composition of fruits.

scholarly journals Characteristics of Atmospheric Metalliferous Particles during Large-Scale Fireworks in Korea

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zang-Ho Shon ◽  
Ju-Hee Jeong ◽  
Yoo-Keun Kim
Keyword(s):  
Trace Metals ◽  
Trace Metal ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Background Level ◽  
Trace Metal Concentration ◽  
Urban Background ◽  
Ambient Concentration ◽  
Local Background ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Concentration Levels

The effect of large-scale firework events on urban background trace metal concentrations was investigated using 24 hr data collected over 3 days at three sites in Busan Metropolitan City, Republic of Korea, during the falls (Oct.) of 2011–2013. The firework events increased local background concentrations of trace metals as follows: K (1.72 times), Sr (2.64 times), As (2.86 times), Pb (2.91 times), and Al (5.44 times). The levels of some metals did not always drop to background level one day after the firework event. The contribution of fireworks to trace metal concentration levels (and emissions) for 2011 event was negligible compared to 2012 and 2013 events due to different meteorological conditions (precipitation). In addition, the impact of firework events on the ambient concentration levels of trace metals was likely to be different depending on their chemical speciation. The impact of firework events in Busan on urban air quality (trace metal) was less intense compared to other similar festivals worldwide. The largest emission of trace metals and elements from firework burning was represented by K (128–164 kg), followed by Pb, Cd, Cu, Mg, Ba, As, Al, Ga, Co, and Na.

scholarly journals The Development of New Methods of Disposal of Processing Sulfur Wastes from a Hydro-carbon Feedstock to various Sulfur Derivatives

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadezhda Titovna Berberova ◽  
Nadezhda Anatol’evna Pivovarova ◽  
Valentina Nikolaevna Storozhenko ◽  
Elena Vladimirovna Shinkar ◽  
Ivan Vladimorovich Smolyaninov
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Sulfide ◽  
Environmental Safety ◽  
Sulfur Compounds ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Oil Products ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
New Methods ◽  
Redox Activation ◽  
Hydro Carbon ◽  
Acidic Components

The tendency to reduce the content of sulfur compounds in particular H2S and low molecular thiols (RSH) in oil products sets the task of their extraction and disposal in order to obtain practically useful sulfur compounds. Hydrogen sulfide and thiols can be extracted from hydrocarbon fractions using N-methylpyrrolidone-as selective solvent. Hydrogen sulfide can be extracted from the residual oil products using a low energy exposure such as ultrasound and a constant magnetic field. The releasing gas is concentrated in N-methylpyrrolidone. Further, hydrogen sulfide and mercaptans can be used in the chemical synthesis of biologically active thioethers containing a catechol fragment. Another way of H2S and RSH utilization is the chemical adsorption of acidic components by modified polynuclear pivalate (acetate) zinc(II) silica gel. As a result of the interaction of complexes with H2S and RSH, it is possible to obtain zinc sulfide or zinc thiolates, which can be used in various fields of industry or agriculture. Hydrogen sulfide and thiols can also be applied in the electrochemical or microvaved assisted organic synthesis. This approach is promising from the standpoint of environmental safety of synthesis and low energy costs of the reactions. The SH-functionalization of hydrocarbons (indan, indene, decalin, tetralin, naphthalene and 1,2-dihydronaphthalene) leads to obtain biologically active compounds. Keywords: hydrogen sulfide, thiols, extraction, N-methylpyrrolidone, ultrasonic and magnetic treatment, microwave, redox activation

scholarly journals UTILIZATION OF ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAL FUNGI IN PRODUCTION OF ALLIUM SPECIES

2018 ◽  
pp. 93-98
Author(s):  
G. Caruso ◽  
N. A. Golubkina ◽  
Т. M. Seredin ◽  
V. М. Sellitto
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Normal Growth ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Environmental Safety ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Allium Species

The fundamental direction of modern agriculture development is elaboration and utilization of technologies that ensure environmental safety, high plant productivity and quality of crop production. In this connection, the issues of optimization of mineral nutrition and water supply, immunity enhancement and protection of plants against various forms of biotic and abiotic stresses without significant environmental stress are of current interest. Normal growth and development of almost all plants on the Earth depends on the presence of mycorrhizal fungi in the soil, which ensure optimal plant nutrition and water supply due to the huge number of hyphae. The review discusses the prospects for the use of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in the cultivation of Allium species, as the most responsive plants to the effects of mycorrhizae due to the poorly developed root system that hinders the nutrition of plants. It is noted that utilization of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi may provide the reduction of the amount of fertilizers, herbicides and insecticides needed for high productivity of crops. The review deals with the peculiarities of symbiotic interrelations of different species of mycorrhizal fungi (pure and mixed cultures, mainly of the genus Glomus) with different Allium species (onion, garlic, shallot, leek, A. roylei, A. fistulosum, A. galanthum). Questions of agricultural crops quality as affected by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungy are discussed. Data on the effect of climatic conditions on the efficiency of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi utilization in Allium production are discussed. The possibility of increasing the efficiency of biofortification of Allium species with selenium via utilization of arbuscular-mycorrhizal fungi is noted, as well as an increase in the content of biologically active sulfur-containing compounds in garlic. Particular attention is paid to the necessity of the development of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi preparations in Russia – the country not using this ecologically friendly technology at present.

scholarly journals Environmentally friendly material and technological solutions of road pavements

2014 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 305-316
Author(s):  
Piotr Radziszewski ◽  
Karol Kowalski ◽  
Michał Sarnowski ◽  
Piotr Pokorski
Keyword(s):  
Technological Development ◽  
Road Construction ◽  
Environmentally Friendly ◽  
Natura 2000 ◽  
Environmental Safety ◽  
Crumb Rubber ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Modern Material ◽  
Road Pavement ◽  
Main Challenge

In recent years road construction is a subject of dynamic changes. The main challenge for designers and technologists is to develop durable and environmental friendly road technologies that can be successfully applied on natural valuable areas. The paper presents selected modern material and technological solutions used for road pavements on areas under special protection (eg Natura 2000). An example of modern environmentally friendly solutions in road construction are: asphalt pavements with the addition of rubber from used car tires, asphalt mixtures with reduced emissions of volatile substances, “quiet” pavements, pavements from recycled materials and from local materials, “biologically active” pavements (permeable mineral layers). Modern and ecological pavements are the important part of science activity of Warsaw University of Technology. New ongoing project is designed to identify the main directions of technological development of road construction in the next 30 years, with a particular emphasis on the sustainable development and environmental protection. As a part of the two ongoing projects, test sections of pavement have been completed. One of test sections with the addition of crumb rubber and the second one as a “quiet” pavement. For the next years, the sections will be monitored.The proper selection of materials and technologies on natural valuable areas does not deteriorate the durability of road pavement, comfort and safety on the roads and at the same time it can improve environmental safety without interfering with the functioning of valuable ecosystems.

scholarly journals Mellotria scaraba L. – a promising vegetable crop as a valuable source of biologically active substances

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (157) ◽  
pp. 73-82
Author(s):  
E. V. Dunaevskaya ◽  
E. N. Kravchenko
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Development ◽  
Essential Elements ◽  
Biologically Active Substances ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Vegetable Crop ◽  
The Crimea ◽  
Medicinal Crop ◽  
Viable Seeds ◽  
Active Substances

The features of growth and development of Melothria scabra Naudin - a new vegetable and medicinal crop for the Southern Coast of the Crimea (SCC), a source of biologically active substances, including citrulline and arginine, essential micro - and macronutrients. It is established that in the conditions of the SCC, the crop passes a full growing cycle and gives viable seeds; it is resistant to fungal diseases and pests; it stops growing when the average daily temperature decreases to 8-9 ° C, and gives self-seeding. The content of essential elements (potassium 12270 ±131 mg/kg, calcium 2951± 61 mg/kg, magnesium 3101 ± 53.5 mg/kg, ferrum 104.5 ± 4.5 mg/kg, zinc 39.7 ± 0.8 mg/kg, cuprum 13.2± 1.0 mg/kg and manganese – 0.8 ± 0.01 mg/kg) in Melothria scabra fruits was determined. The results obtained allow us to attribute melotria to functional vegetable crops - sources of valuable biologically active substances. and recommend the spread of the culture not only on the SCC, but also in other regions suitable for its cultivation.

scholarly journals Chemical composition of healthy and infected leaves by Forda riccobonii and Geoica swirskii of Pistacia atlantica Desf. collected from Maaziz region in Morocco

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 382-389
Author(s):  
Hazim Harouak ◽  
Jamal Ibijbijen ◽  
Touria Zair ◽  
Laila Nassiri
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Widespread Species ◽  
Pistacia Atlantica ◽  
Active Chemical ◽  
The Family ◽  
Traditional Pharmacopoeia ◽  
Health Field

The Atlas Pistachio, Pistacia atlantica Desf., from the family of Anacardiaceae is a widespread species in Morocco and widely present in traditional pharmacopoeia 1. This species is frequently infected by Forda riccobonii and Geoica swirskii  that are foliar galls-inducing aphids.The aim of this study was to compare the chemical composition of essential oils (EO) of the  infected and healthy leaves of Pistacia atlantica. The extraction of essential oils was performed by hydro-distillation using Clevenger, phytochemical screening was realized by revelations tests and chemical composition was identified by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS).Phytochemical analysis showed the presence of some biologically active chemical compounds such as tannins, flavonoids, sterols and triterpenes. The infected leaves were richer in tannins than healthy ones, especially in gallic tannins.Also, the results reaveled that the EO yield of leaves with galls was higher (0.71%) than that of healthy ones (0.11%); also, the first type of leaves was predominated by α-Pinene (19.76%) followed by Terpinen-4-ol, Spathulenol and Sabinene with percentages of 11.94%, 8.90% and 7.63%, respectively. Whereas, healthy leaves were predominated by α-Amorphene (15.05%) followed by Terpinen-4-ol, Spathulenol and α-Muurolene with percentages of 7.17%, 6.46% and 6.20%, respectively.So, we arrived to conclude that infected leaves have a higher level of  monoterpenes hydrocarbon than healthy ones that contains interesting molecules useful in differentes domains, especially in the health field.

The content of mercury and lead in the feed base of valuable fish species of the Caspian Sea

Fisheries ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (4) ◽  
pp. 10-14
Author(s):  
Tatiana Ershova ◽  
Vladimir Chaplygin ◽  
Vyacheslav Zaitsev ◽  
Alisher Khursanov ◽  
Natalia Shaboyants
Keyword(s):  
Caspian Sea ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Essential Elements ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Caspian Sea ◽  
Rhithropanopeus Harrisii ◽  
The North ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
Taxonomic Groups ◽  
High Level

Mercury and lead are not essential elements and have a high degree of toxicity to all groups of living organisms, including hydrobionts. In turn, the accumulation of dangerous chemical elements in the primary trophic units of marine ecosystems is also reflected in the high level of accumulation and toxication of fish-valuable objects of fishing. As part of the study of the ecological state of the biota of the Volga-Caspian basin, there is a need to study the concentrations of heavy metals such as mercury and lead. The aim of the work is to study the content of mercury and lead in some invertebrate species of the Caspian Sea. The main source of mercury and lead in the body of the studied species is the water of the north-western part of the Caspian Sea. Among the studied taxonomic groups of organisms, mercury accumulators were all species of mollusks, as well as Balanus improvises and Rhithropanopeus harrisii. The lead concentrating organisms were Cerastoderma lamarcki and Mytilaster lineatus, Rhithropanopeus harrisii, and Balanus improvises.

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