The Role of the Lateral Pterygoid Muscle in Articular Disc Displacement: A Cross-Sectional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study

2022 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nasser Alqhtani ◽  
Ahmad Ali Alshadwi ◽  
Adel Al-Zahrani ◽  
Rana Saud Alshagroud, ◽  
Ali Al Rafedah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Imaging Study ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Disc Displacement ◽  
Articular Disc ◽  
Lateral Pterygoid Muscle ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Disc Position ◽  
Significant Difference

Background: Determination of the role of the Lateral Pterygoid Muscle LPM in the articular disc displacement ADD is controversial referring to the variations in the pattern of insertion of the Superior Lateral Pterygoid Muscle SPLM. Introduction: it was well understood that the superior head of the lateral pterygoid muscle has only a single insertion pattern among individuals in which the muscle is attached to the articular disc and capsule. However, recent findings in many studies have shown a noticeable variation in the insertion pattern of the upper LPM. Method: MRI examinations were collected at King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Scans of 61 patients (41 females, 20 males, mean age 33 years old) with symptoms of temporomandibular dysfunction were reviewed retrospectively. The direction of their articular disc displacement was evaluated through sagittal and coronal views in both open and closed mouth positions. Results: There was no statistical significance found between the LPM attachment types and TMJ disc position. The chi-square test also showed no significant difference between the type of LPM attachment and the condylar location. Forty-five percent of the articular discs were located between the articular eminence and the glenoid fossa. The majority of the disc displacement was in the anterior direction. Conclusion: There was no statistically significant association between the type of LPM attachments and the direction of disc displacement.

SUBLINGUAL VITAMIN D3 DRUG THERAPY IN VITAMIN D DEFICIENCY PATIENTS AT PRAVARA RURAL HOSPITAL

2019 ◽  
pp. 18-20
Author(s):  
Sanjeeva Kumar Goud T ◽  
Rahul Kunkulol
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Vitamin D3 ◽  
Serum Vitamin ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Serum Vitamin D ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After

The present study was aimed to study the effect of Sublingual Vitamin D3 on Serum Vitamin D level in Vitamin D deficiency patients. This was a cross-sectional and interventional study. All the Vitamin D deficiency patients of age 18-60years and either gender, willing to participate in the study were included. Patients who had greater than 20 ng/ml were excluded from the study. The total number of participants in our study was 200, out of these 111 males and 89 females, the mean age in our study was 51.07 ± 7.39Yrs. All volunteers were given sublingual vitamin D3 (60,000IU) in six doses every fifteen days of follow up for 3 months. The subject’s serum 25(OH)D levels were estimated before and after the treatment of sublingual vitamin D3. There was a statistically significant difference in serum vitamin D3 level before 16.61±6.71 ng/ml and after 35.80±7.80 ng/ml after treatment with Sublingual Vitamin D3. Six doses of 60,000IU of Vitamin D3 sublingual route having improved the role of serum 25(OH)D levels in the treatment of Vitamin D3 deficiency patients.Keywords: Vitamin D3; Sublingual route

Injury rates in recreational tennis players do not differ between different playing surfaces

2017 ◽  
Vol 52 (9) ◽  
pp. 611-615 ◽  
Author(s):  
Babette M Pluim ◽  
Benjamin Clarsen ◽  
Evert Verhagen
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Overuse Injuries ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Injury Rates ◽  
Tennis Players ◽  
Trauma Research ◽  
Natural Grass ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Artificial Grass

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to determine whether there is a difference in the prevalence of tennis injuries between the four most common court surfaces in the Netherlands, including hard court, clay, sand-fill artificial grass and red-sand-fill artificial grass. Natural grass was not included in this study.MethodsThis was a repeated cross-sectional study over 6 months, involving members of the Royal Netherlands Lawn Tennis Association (KNLTB). A monthly questionnaire was sent to a random sample of 20 000 KNLTB members, stratified by their club’s playing surface. The questionnaire included questions on court surface, tennis exposure and physical complaints, using the Oslo Sports Trauma Research Centre questionnaire on health problems.ResultsA total of 3656 (18%) of the 20 000 invited members completed at least one of the monthly questionnaires [mean age 49 years (15)]. A total of 4047 injuries were reported by 1957 respondents. Of these injuries, 3246 (80%) were overuse and 801 (20%) were acute. There were no statistically significant differences in injury prevalence between groups who played primarily on any one of the four court surfaces. However, players who played on multiple surfaces had a higher injury prevalence, particularly of overuse injuries, than those who primarily played on one court surface. Compared with the other court surfaces, there was a higher prevalence of lower limb overuse injuries when playing on hard court.ConclusionThere is no significant difference in the overall prevalence of injury on clay, hard court, sand-fill artificial grass and red-sand-fill artificial grass.

scholarly journals Teacher Discrimination Reduces School Performance of African American Youth: Role of Gender

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 183 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shervin Assari ◽  
Cleopatra Howard Caldwell
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
School Performance ◽  
African American Youth ◽  
National Sample ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Grade Point ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Males And Females

Background: Gender may alter African Americans’ vulnerability to discrimination. The type of outcomes that follow exposure to discrimination may also be gender-specific. Although teacher discrimination is known to deteriorate school performance, it is yet unknown whether male and female African American youth differ in the effect of teacher discrimination on school performance. Objective: This cross-sectional study explored the moderating role of gender on the effect of teacher discrimination on school performance in a national sample of African American youth. Methods: The National Survey of American Life-Adolescent Supplement (NSAL-A) enrolled a nationally representative sample (n = 810) of 13–17-year-old African American youth. Demographic factors, socioeconomic status, teacher discrimination, and school performance (grade point average, GPA) were measured. Linear multivariable regression models were applied for data analysis. Results: Males and females reported similar levels of perceived teacher discrimination. In the pooled sample, higher teacher discrimination was associated with lower school performance among African American youth (b = −0.35; 95% confidence interval (CI) = −0.49 to −0.22). Gender interacted with perceived teacher discrimination (b = 12; 95% CI = 0.24–2.02), suggesting a significant difference between males and females in the magnitude of the association between perceived teacher discrimination and GPA. In stratified models, perceived teacher discrimination was associated with worse school performance of females (b = −12; 95% CI = −0.03 to −2.78) but not males (b = 0.01; 95% CI = −0.07 to 0.08). Conclusion: In line with previous studies, gender was found to alter the vulnerability of African American youth to perceived discrimination. African American boys and girls may differ in their sensitivity to the effects of teacher discrimination on school performance.

scholarly journals Correlation between Serum Homocysteine and Vitiligo Area Scoring Index

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 332-334 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dina R. U. Hasibuan ◽  
Imam B. Putra ◽  
Nelva K. Jusuf
Keyword(s):  
Family History ◽  
Homocysteine Level ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Characteristic Finding ◽  
Serum Homocysteine ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Chronic Skin ◽  
Scoring Index

Background: Vitiligo is a chronic skin disorder. White macules caused by melanocyte destruction is a characteristic finding that cosmetically disturbing. Until recently, pathogenesis of vitiligo is still unclear. The role of homocysteine in vitiligo is mentioned in previous studies thus it is probable that it can be a biomarker to determine vitiligo severity. Aim : To determine correlation between serum homocysteine and vitiligo area scoring index (VASI)Subject and method: This was a cross-sectional analytic study which involved 30 vitiligo patients that were diagnosed by clinical and Wood’s lamp examinations then VASI score was determined and same numbers of control. We conducted blood sampling and measurement of serum homocysteine level to the patients.Results: There is no significant correlation between serum homocysteine and VASI score (p= 0,133, r= 0,281), family history (p=0,447), and duration of vitiligo (p= 0,993, r= 0,002). There is no significant difference between serum homocysteine in vitiligo patients and controls (p= 0,191). There is a correlation between serum homocysteine with gender (p= 0,001) and age (p= 0,036;r= 0,385)  in vitiligo patient but not in controls (p= 0,266), (p= 0,872; r= 0,031). There is a correlation between serum homocysteine and types of vitiligo. Conclusion: There is no significant correlation between serum homocysteine and VASI score, family history, and duration of vitiligo. There is no significant difference between serum homocysteine in vitiligo patients and controls. There is a correlation between serum homocysteine with gender and age in vitiligo patients.

scholarly journals Assessment of role of mandibular third molar in lower anterior crowding among orthodontic patients of Kathmandu Nepal

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 21-26
Author(s):  
Bashu Dev Pant ◽  
Anjana Rajbhandari ◽  
Resina Pradhan ◽  
Manju Bajracharya ◽  
Surendra Maharjan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Third Molar ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Third Molars ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Anterior Crowding ◽  
Mandibular Third Molar ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Orthodontic Patients

Introduction: Crowding in mandibular arch increases with increasing age and etiology of crowding is multifactorial in nature. Role of mandibular third molar in lower anterior crowding remains a topic of controvery over a period of century. The objective of this study was to assess whether there is any correlation between presence of mandibular third molar position and lower anterior crowding. Materials and Method: On the basis of third molar position one hundred and six sample of pretreatment orthodontic patients aged between 17 to 38 years were divided into erupted, erupting and agenesis group. The study was conducted in Peoples Dental College and Hospital from January 2020 to March 2020 after obtaining ethical approval from the institutional review committee. This cross-sectional study was done on dental casts and orthopantomogram; brass wire was used for measuring arch length and digital vernier caliper for measuring tooth material with modified segmental arch analysis method. Result: Among 106 samples collected 55 (51.88%) were female and 51(48.11%) were male and the mean age was 21.53 ± 3.91 years, Chi square and ANOVA test was used for Statistical analysis. This study showed no statistically significant differences between third molar position and lower anterior crowding on right (P= 0.68) and left side (P = 0.45). The study also showed that association between the third molar position and lower anterior crowding is more on left side compared to right side. Conclusion: Mandibular third molars have not statistically significant difference in lower anterior crowding so, extraction of third molars for relieving the anterior crowding is not justifiable

scholarly journals The Effects of Patients' and Care-Givers' Knowledge, Attitude, & Practice (KAP) on Quality of Life Among Thalassemia Major Patients' in Damascus-Syrian Arab Republic

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (12) ◽  
pp. 308
Author(s):  
Yaser Adnan Abo Jeesh ◽  
Magda El-hadi Ahmad Yousif ◽  
Moauya Al-Balal Al-Haboub
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Thalassemia Major ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Attitudes And Practices ◽  
Teaching Guide ◽  
Care Givers ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After

Background: Thalassemia is the most common autosomal abnormality in Syria. Its complications have an important effect on education; time off school; sport; difference from friends/ siblings; social interactions; and stigmatization. Knowledge of factors associated with quality of life in thalassemia patients is necessary for forming appropriate clinical programs, social support, and improving treatment outcomes. Purpose: The study was to assess the effects of Patients' and Care-givers' Knowledge, Attitude, & Practice (KAP) with Quality of Life among Thalassemia Major Patients' in Syria. Methods: Cross-sectional descriptive analytical design was conducted at the national thalassemia center in Damascus. WHOQOL-BREF and a questionnaire developed by the researcher were used to measure the participants’ knowledge, attitudes and practices of thalassemia. Results: Total of 238 thalassemia patients participated in the study. A statistical significance was found regarding improvement of skill and knowledge scores among caregivers and thalassemia patients before and after receiving the teaching guide from 12.52±1.77 to 14.07±1.01, t=11.447, p=0.000 and from 34.12±4.50 to 37.43±4.61, t=-8.58, p= .000 respectively. Stigmatization was significantly noticed among families caring for thalassemic patients. There were a significant differences in the mean score regarding nutritional status before and after teaching guide paired t test= 12.11, p= 0.000. A statistical significance was found in females regarding social domain p=0.04. However, mean scores for overall quality of life were better in females rather than males, but these mean scores were statistically insignificant p>0.05. A statistical significant difference in ferritin levels and patient’s age was found. Results also revealed that no statistical significant differences was observed between overall quality of life of the four domains in relation to the two treatment groups (subcutaneous vs oral) and age groups. Conclusion: Thalassemia is a socio-economic problem. The most efficient way to reduce risks of having affected patients is by increasing the knowledge through training of parents regarding the disease. Our findings highlighted that there was lack in patients’ knowledge and skills regarding the disease, but a remarkable improvement in both knowledge and performance was found after patients received the teaching guide, which lead to an increase in overall patient's quality of life.

scholarly journals The Role of Pressure and Duration of Dive on Lung Physiology in Professional and Non-Professional Divers

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-112
Author(s):  
Jerry Indra Setiawan ◽  
Suradi Suradi ◽  
Yusup Subagio Sutanto
Keyword(s):  
Vital Capacity ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Professional Group ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Test Statistic ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Lung Physiology ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Normally Distributed

Backgrounds: Professional divers have a greater lung volume than non-professional divers in higher force vital capacity (FVC) and force expiratory flow in 1 second (FEV1) values. The purpose of this study is to analyse the effect of pressure and duration of diving on changes in lung physiology in professional divers and non-professional divers. Methods: This is a cross sectional study on the personnel of the Indonesian Navy Dislambair Koarmada II Surabaya and RSAL personnel of dr. Ramelan Navy Hospital in Lakesla Surabaya in March-April 2019. Samples was collected with purposive sampling. This study used unpaired subjects with the independent t-test statistic analysis if the data is normally distributed and the Mann-Whitney U test if the data is not normally distributed Results: There was a significant difference in the professional divers group compared to non-professional divers group in the values of FVC (P=0.042) and FEV1 (P=0.040) at 1.3 ATA for 10 minutes and the FEV1 (P=0.049) for 20 minutes. No significant differences in FVC (P=0.092) at 1.3 ATA pressure for 20 minutes. There were no significant differences in FVC (P=0.865), FEV1 (P=0.659) at 1.5 ATA pressure for 10 minutes and FVC (P=0.858) and FEV1 (P=0.857) for 20 minutes. Conclusions: The different pressure in non-professional group could reduce the FEV1 value. There was a difference in the FVC value of the professional diver group and non-professional divers at a pressure of 1.5 ATA for 10 minutes. (J Respir Indo. 2020; 40(2): 103-12)

scholarly journals The Role of Maternal Progesterone and Estradiol Levels in Predicting the Success of Induction of Labour: A Preliminary Study

2019 ◽  
pp. 126-129
Author(s):  
Kanadi Sumapraja ◽  
Hilda R Badruddin
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Induction Of Labour ◽  
Health Clinic ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Induction Group ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
Larger Sample ◽  
Estradiol Levels

Objective: to evaluate whether maternal progesterone and estradiol levels could be used to predictthe success ofinduction of labour (IOL) Methods:This cross-sectional study was conducted at the Women’s Health Clinic as well as delivery suite of Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital during the period of May 2016 to April 2017. Blood samples of term pregnant women who were indicated for IOL wereobtainedbefore birth. Results:A total 44 subject were recruited in this study.Of these, 24 subjects had successful IOL while the other 20 subjects had IOL failure. There was no significant difference of progesterone among both groups (66,7% vs 75%, p=0,55). The estradiol levels in subjects who successfully performed induction had an average of 16,916.28 ± 2,574.75 pg/mL which did not differ significantly from the failed of induction group with estradiol levels of 14,832.24 ± 2374.47 pg/mL (p = 0,65). Conclusion:We found no significant association between both maternal progesterone and estradiol levels and the success rate of IOL. Further studies with larger sample sizes are required to confirm whether progesterone and estradiol play pivotal roles in the success of IOL. Keywords: progesterone, estradiol, induction of labour   Tujuan: mengevaluasi kadar progesteron dan estradiol ibu sebagai prediktor kesuksesan induksi persalinan Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan desain potong lintang yang berlangsung pada bulan Mei 2016 hingga April 2017 di Poliklinik dan IGD Kebidanan Rumah Sakit Umum Pusat Rujukan Nasional Cipto Mangunkusumo. Pasien hamil aterm yang dilakukan induksi persalinan dan memenuhi kriteria penelitian akan diambil sampel darah sebelum persalinan. Hasil: Dari 44 subjek yang mengikuti penelitian, 24 subjek berhasil dilakukan induksi persalinan dan 20 subjek gagal.Tidakterdapatperbedaanbermaknapadakadarprogesterone Antarakeduagrup(66,7% vs 75%, p=0,55). Kadar estradiol padapasien yang berhasildilakukaninduksimemiliki rata-rata 16.916,28 + 2.574,75pg/mL yang tidakberbedajauhdengankadar estradiol pasien yang gagalinduksiyaitu 14.832,24 + 2374,47pg/mL (p = 0,65). Kesimpulan: Tidakterdapat perbedaan bermakna antara kadar progesteron dan estradiol maternal terhadap keberhasilan induksi persalinan. Penelitian lebih lanjut dengan jumlah sampel yang lebih besar dibutuhkan untuk mengkonfirmasi hubungan ini dengan lebih baik. Kata kunci: progesteron, estradiol, induksi persalinan

Serum Albumin Level as a Prognostic Marker for Covid-19 Positive Patients in Western Uttar Pradesh - A Cross Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (04) ◽  
pp. 204-207
Author(s):  
Shreyansh Talera ◽  
Saurabh Singhal ◽  
Nishant Wadhera ◽  
Mayank Arora ◽  
Ravi Pratap
Keyword(s):  
Serum Albumin ◽  
Prognostic Marker ◽  
Serum Albumin Level ◽  
Uttar Pradesh ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Albumin Level ◽  
The Body ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference

BACKGROUND WHO has declared Coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) as a pandemic. Covid-19 leads to sickness and death. Human serum albumin (HSA) is the most common circulating protein in the body having oncotic as well as non-oncotic properties. The role of albumin in death among Covid-19 subjects, especially in this part of the country has not been frequently reported. The aim of the study was to analyse the role of serum albumin level as prognostic marker for Covid-19 positive patients. METHODS The present study was conducted in the department of Medicine at Chhatrapati Shivaji Subharti Hospital, Subharti Medical College, Meerut, UP. The study comprised of 100 subjects who were Covid positive from May 2020 to July 2020. A detailed explanation was given to all the participating respondents regarding the study and their contribution to it. Covid-19 was diagnosed on the basis of the WHO interim guidelines. A questionnaire was prepared to collect the patients’ demographic profile. Patients date of admission and discharge was recorded along with the outcome i.e., whether patient expired or survived. Patients’ diagnosis was identified along with the comorbidity (if present). Laboratory investigations comprised of CBC and serum albumin detection. Data so collected was tabulated in an excel sheet, under the guidance of statistician. Collected data was analysed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software version 24 and the tests used were t test and Fisher’s exact test and the level of significance was set at p < 0.05. RESULTS The study comprised of 100 subjects, out of which 45 were males and 55 were females. The overall mean age of the study subjects was 37.52 years. In our study, mortality was 35.29 %, 9.33 % and 85.7 % of the subjects having Covid-19+ type 2 diabetes (T2DM), only Covid-19 and Covid-19+ hypertension respectively with statistically significant difference as p < 0.05. Albumin level was significantly lower in expired patients (2.99) as compared to survivors (3.85) as p < 0.05. Hospital stay was also higher in expired patients. CONCLUSIONS Covid-19 patients had low serum albumin levels and that might play a role in the survival of patient. KEYWORDS Covid-19, Mortality, Albumin

scholarly journals Population-based survey of HIV sero-status and vertical transmission among naive pregnant women in Sokoto, Nigeria

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 49-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fiekumo Igbida Buseri ◽  
Charity Ngozi Okonkwo
Keyword(s):  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Vertical Transmission ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
P Value ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference

Background: This study aims at investigating the seroprevalence of HIV infection among status naive pregnant women and probable vertical transmission in Sokoto, Nigeria.Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study examined 13,026 apparently healthy pregnant women aged between 14 and 45 years and 312 mother-baby pairs in 4 different hospital settings in Sokoto State, North West, Nigeria between March, 2011 and February, 2013. The babies were aged between 8 and 16 months. HIV screening was performed using qualitative rapid tests and ELISA and HIV-DNA polymerase chain reaction (PCR) techniques. Measurement of CD4+ T-lymphocytes was carried out by the BD FACScount System. All seropositive pregnant women were immediately placed on triple antiretroviral therapy (ART) throughout the duration of the pregnancy and beyond.Results: An overall 2.4% prevalence of HIV-1 infection among the pregnant women and 20.5% incident of mother-to-child transmission were found. Of the seropositive pregnant women, 75.0% were full-time house wives, 13.8% and 11.2% were traders and civil servants respectively; of which, 70.2% were within the ages of 14 and 27 years (youthful predominance). Pearson’s χ2analysis did not show any statistically significant difference in the Mean values in the 4 health facilities (χ2 =2.084, df=3, P-value=0.555). Similarly, no significant difference in HIV seropositivity in the demographic data of the pregnant women were observed (P>0.05). Infection was recorded in all age groups but there was no statistical significance between age groups and infection (P = 0.833). Of the 64 seropositive babies, 62 (92.5%) contracted HIV from antiretroviral therapy non-adherence mothers (χ2 =271.457, df=1, P<0.01), OR=1506.6 (95%CI=285.5-7950.4). Conclusion: This study found high prevalence of vertical transmission due to ART non-adherence. Intervention initiatives should, therefore, focus seriously on ART non-adherence. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v6i3.11530Asian Journal of Medical Sciences Vol.6(3) 2015 49-57  

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