Translator as Cultural Ambassador

In this article I have examined Dr. C.R.Yaravintelimath's adventurous translation of Allamaprabhu's Kannada vacanas, which are said to be the most difficult ones to understand and interpret, as they are loaded with obscure symbolism derived from the mystical and metaphysical tradition of Virasaivism in particular and of pan-Hinduism in general. I have analyzed this translation in the light of modern theory of translation and shown hoe the element of foreignization outweighs that of domestication and suggested the need for the interpretation of Allamaprabhu's vacanas in translation from a larger perspective of Comparative Indian and World Literature, especially mystic literature.

Girish Karnad : A Tribute

Girish Karnad is a writer, dramatist, director and actor par excellence. He belongs to a generation that has produced Dharamveer Bharati, Mohan Rakesh and Vijay Tendulkar who have created a national theatre for modern India, which is the legacy of his generation. Jnanpitha Awardee, Karnad is the author of many well known plays in Kannada and English. He has represented Indian art and culture in foreign lands. Girish Karnad was a conscious writer, who had keenly observed cultural and political upheavals in India and brings in a new equation in his plays. In this paper, I propose to analyze the selected plays of Indian playwright Grirish Karnad who has experimented with the fusion of the traditional and the modern dramatic forms and content. Karnad is most famous as a playwright and his plays have become a byword for imagination, innovation and craftsmanship. In the subsequent years, Karnad continued to post script narratives, interpreting for us histories and myths, forging an idiom of writing that was tethered to both the past and present. Karnad's practice of drawing source from myths and tales lends the play an immediacy of appeal. This paper thus studies Karnad's selected plays from the point of view of themes and techniques. While doing so, the focus will mainly be on the history and myth in his dramatic works-Karnad's journey from his first drama 'Yayati holds a mirror to the very evolution of a truly 'Indian theatre.'

Magnanimity of an Indian Saint: The Portrait of an Apostle of God: A Focus on Basavaraj Naikar's Religious Play The Golden Servant of God

This article offers a detailed analysis of Basavaraj Naikar's religious play, The Golden Servant of God in terms of its dramatic conflict between worldliness and spirituality that takes place in the soul of Kanakadasa, a great saint of Karnataka. It shows how he, born in a shepherd caste, grows from the level of an Administrator of Bada and Bamkapura villages (appointed by Emperor Sri Krisnadevaraya of Vijayanagara Empire) to that of a renunciate, fighting all through his life against the social evil of caste discrimination, especially against brahmanical orthodoxy and articulates the same in his innumerable musical compositions known as kirtanas. It also shows how Kanakadasa, being disillusioned by the meaninglessness of material life, seeks shelter and salvation in the holy feet of Lord Adikesava of Kaginelli, a tiny village in North Karnataka.

Terror has a History : A Fretful Conceptualization of the Loss of Kashmiriyat in Salman Rushdie's Shalimar the Clown

The new global cultural economy has to be seen as a complex, over-lapping, disjunctive order, which cannot any longer be understood in terms of existing center-periphery models creating multiple scapes that are deeply perspectival constructs, inflected by the historical, linguistic and political situatedness of different sorts of nation-states,multinational diasporic communities as well as subnational groupings and movements whether religious, political or economic. The global flow of people across and within nations and borders is generated by a variety of reasons: the reconfiguration of the global economy, displacement and dispossession of marginalized populations etc.The symbolic dimensions of territorial attachment experienced by residents of specific territories, the issues of border location or resource exploitation is only secondary to the unsettled feelings of "belonging" and rootedness within specific places and spaces. They are ready to defend their "homeland" territories to which they lay claim through historical priority, infrequently causing a major political instability, tension and conflict manifesting in the form of terrorism. Salman Rushdie's novel Shalimar the Clown(2005) deals with geographical and psychological displacement, transculturalism and the divide created due to violence and uprooting. The novel encaptures the idea of recovery of lost identities in a way which goes "from roots to routes."

Spiritual Pilgrimage Towards Salvation: A Critical Study of Basavaraj Naikar's Religious Play The Pilgrim of Life

Evaluation of diversity through genetic variability and correlation studies on vegetative and floral characters of chrysanthemum genotypes were undertaken at experimental farm, Department of Horticulture, NEHU, Tura Campus, Tura, West Garo Hills District, Meghalaya during 2015-2019.Fifteen varieties namely, Korean Red, Korean Yellow, Solan Shringar, Ramblored, Yellow Star, Calabria, Ajay, AAU Yellow, White Star, Korean Bicolour, Charming, Lysid, Safin, Shayana and Gambit were selected for their evaluation. The range of variation was high for number of leaves (38.24-125.11) followed by days to bud initiation (34.60-94.66). Highest phenotypic and genotypic variances were observed for number of leaves (699.74 and 699.70), respectively. The estimates of phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) were higher than genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) for all the traits. Maximum PCV and GCV was observed for dry weight (89.73 and 89.17) followed by number of flowers per spray per plant (78.10 and 78.08). However, maximum heritability were observed in number of leaves (99.98 percent), number of flowers per spray per plant (99.98 percent) and flower longevity (99.97 percent) followed by days to bud initiation (99.95 percent) and plant height (99.94 percent), whereas, maximum genetic advance was noticed in number of leaves (54.49). The high heritability with genetic advance as percentage of mean for number of branches and number of flowers per spray per plant indicates the possible role of additive gene action. The magnitude of genotypic correlation was higher than their corresponding phenotypic correlation for most of the traits, indicating a strong inherent linkage between various traits under study. At genotypic and phenotypic level, number of leaves exhibited highly significant and positive correlation with number of branches (0.889), number of flower head per plant (0.498), number of sprays per plant (0.497) and number of flowers per spray per plant (0.419), while, vase life showed significant and positive correlation with number of flower head per plant (0.315), number of sprays per plant (0.339) and flower diameter (0.311).

Karnad's Yayati : A Study in the Eternal Conflicts of Mankind.

With Vijay Tendulkar and Badal Sirkar, Girish Karnad is among the three greatest dramatists of post-independent Indian theatre. His most notable plays are Yayati, Nag-Mandala, Hayavadan and The Fire and the Rain. Yayati, his first play, was written initially in Kannad in 1961. For this play he received the Karnatak State award. Karnad was not a simple entertainer. His plays serve to instruct, entertain and enlighten, but there is also a purpose. Through his plays he tries to give his audience an exalted sense of duty with happiness, peace of mind and upliftment of moral values. In Karnad's view, only then can a human being be relieved of the sorrow and pain that he is subjected to in his endless run for pleasures. To achieve it, Karnad draws from the rich store of Indian mythological stories and the collective wealth of inherited culture and recreates the characters and old stories in a new way. He presents them as they originally are and also changes them completely. His genius for fusion of the mythology and modernity is unparalleled. The Yayati of Karnad is the best example of his creative concern, purpose and dramatic art. The human heart is never satiated; its endless craving for more and more pleasure leads it to tragedy. One fine example of this predicament is the story of king Yayati. The present paper would endeavor to study some important aspects of Karnad's Yayati in comparison with the original mythological story as also with the novel of same name by Vishnu Sakharam Khandekar

Critically Reading C.N. Ramachandran's Narration and Discourse: Critical essays on Literature and Culture

The wide ranging topics attempted by Dr C. N. Ramachandran in this collection are a proof of his in depth learning of Sanskrit, English and Kannada literary and critical traditions. Divided into two sections, the first section of this collection of essays written during a long span of time shows remarkable application of contemporary discourses and Western theories on some of the seminal texts like Bhagwatgita, Ramayanas, and Abhijnana Sakuntalam at one hand and a comparative study of Kannad novels and their film versions. The second section draws some new critical parameters to reevaluate Tagore, Gokak, Bendre, Narsimhaswami and other Kannada writers. Wading easily through two different currents of Eastern and Western traditions, he leaves some big lacunae while writing on some of the most fundamental texts and concepts of Indian literature and philosophy, which required deeper studies. The present article, which initially intended to be just a review of the book mentioned above, seeks to incorporate more accurate information on such issues, which the author, relying more on the false data supplied by secondary sources, dealt half-heartedly. As a corrective step to the missing 'interior signature' (as C. D. Narsimhaiya would say) of the author, the article should be read as a supplement to the book.

Treatment of Indian Diaspora in Rohinton Mistry's A Fine Balance

The Parsi writers of the Indian diaspora have enriched the Indian literature as well as world literature through their literary contributions. They aimed to present Parsis' psyche through the presentation of historical legends, the cadences of mythology, the problems arising out of migration, family conflicts, the east-west encounter, and the cultural diversity. A sense of displacement, search for balance, cultural assimilation and the complexities of new civilization which lead them to nostalgia, are the other major points of discussion to Parsi writers.Parsi fiction in English also gives voice to the works of members of the Indian diasporic writers, such as Rohinton Mistry and others. These writers have discussed and explored the various experiences of displacement on the base of socio-cultural pattern of their community. They look at them on the margins of the two cultures. The concept of cultural identity played a critical role in all the post-colonial struggles which have so profoundly reshaped world. It reflects the common historical experiences and every country has a distinct culture. Cultural diversity adds colour and variety to the human world but at the same time it divides people into numerous groups and thus proves a great barrier to human relationships.

Self- Liberation and National Struggle in Yemeni Women's Early Short Stories

The first women's short story in the Yemen was published in the South in the 1960 at the beginning of the decade that was to witness national liberation movements in both the South and the North. In the South independence was gained from British colonial control in the 1967 when the People's Democratic Republic of Yemen was formed. During this decade women from the South began to publish short stories. In the North the revolution of 1962 led to the creation of the Yemen Arab Republic, ending the rule of the Imams. But for most of the rest of the decade there was instability and fighting between republican and loyalist forces. Women from the North started to publish short stories in the 1970's . Since then Yemeni women have continued to write and publish their stories in newspaper, magazines and in anthologies1

Treatment of Indian Diaspora in Rohinton Mistry's A Fine Balance

The Parsi writers of the Indian diaspora have enriched the Indian literature as well as world literature through their literary contributions. They aimed to present Parsis' psyche through the presentation of historical legends, the cadences of mythology, the problems arising out of migration, family conflicts, the east-west encounter, and the cultural diversity. A sense of displacement, search for balance, cultural assimilation and the complexities of new civilization which lead them to nostalgia, are the other major points of discussion to Parsi writers.Parsi fiction in English also gives voice to the works of members of the Indian diasporic writers, such as Rohinton Mistry and others. These writers have discussed and explored the various experiences of displacement on the base of socio-cultural pattern of their community. They look at them on the margins of the two cultures. The concept of cultural identity played a critical role in all the post-colonial struggles which have so profoundly reshaped world. It reflects the common historical experiences and every country has a distinct culture. Cultural diversity adds colour and variety to the human world but at the same time it divides people into numerous groups and thus proves a great barrier to human relationships