HOW DOES PARTICIPATION IN PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AFFECT PHYSICAL FITNESS ELEMENTS IN CHILDREN AGED 5-9?

This study was conducted to examine the effect of participation in physical activity on physical fitness parameters in children aged 5-9 years. A total of 83 children, 44 girls, and 39 boys, studying in a private primary school participated in the study voluntarily. The Eurofit Test Battery was used to evaluate the physical fitness levels of children. Within the scope of the Eurofit test battery; the body weight and height values of the children were measured. In the determination of motoric performances, flamingo balance, disc touch, sit-reach, standing long jump, sit-up, bent-arm hanging, and 5x10 meter sit-up tests were used. A personal information form prepared by the researchers was used to determine demographic characteristics. Whether the data is normally distributed or not was checked with kurtosis and skewness values. In the statistical analysis dimension; descriptive analysis (mean, standard deviation, median, min-max value, ratio, frequency), independent samples t test (Independent Samples t test) were used. In terms of children having an athlete license, a significant difference was found in their height, standing long jump test, sit-up test, bent-arm hanging test, 5x10 meter sit-up run test scores (p>0.05). A significant difference was found in the findings of height, body weight, standing long jump test, sit-up test, bent arm hanging test, 5x10 meter sit-up run test in terms of children's participation in traditional children's games (p>0.05). As a result, it has been determined that children's having an athlete's license increases their height, explosive strength, core strength endurance, upper extremity strength endurance, agility, and again, the students' participation in traditional children's games has positive effect on height, body weight, explosive strength, core strength endurance, upper extremity strength endurance and agility. <p> </p><p><strong> Article visualizations:</strong></p><p><img src="/-counters-/edu_01/0891/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /></p>

AGING & MUSCULAR FUNCTION: A SELECTED REVIEW OF LITERATURE WITH EMPHASIS ON CARDIORESPIRATORY ENDURANCE AND FUNCTIONAL PERFORMANCE RESPONSE TO RESISTANCE EXERCISE

This narrative review evaluates strength or resistance training on cardiorespiratory endurance, blood pressure, contractile function, contractile protein synthesis rate, bone turnover, gait and balance, and neuromuscular adaptations in elderly populations. Seventy-eight studies spanning from 1999 through 2020 were reviewed. Database sources including PubMed, Science Direct, Web of Knowledge and Google Scholar were searched in accordance with the purpose of the study. A majority of the studies reported that resistance training reduces blood pressure and increases contractile functions, contractile protein synthesis rate, bone turnover, gait and balance, cardiorespiratory endurance, and neuromuscular adaptations in the elderly. Furthermore, combined training (CT), also known as concurrent training (strength plus endurance training) may also be as effective as traditional endurance training or traditional strength/resistance training alone for improving cardiorespiratory endurance and functional performance. According to the evaluation of studies included in this review, we concluded that training modalities that involve low-load, high velocity strength training combined with endurance training might be the best training strategy in improving cardiovascular fitness, functional capacity and musculoskeletal health in the elderly populations. Elderly people should be encouraged to participate in a concurrent training or a combination of strength and endurance training to delay, or even reverse the negative effects of aging. <p> </p><p><strong> Article visualizations:</strong></p><p><img src="/-counters-/edu_01/0875/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /></p>

PROLOTHERAPY COMBINED WITH PHYSICAL THERAPY IN A RECREATIONALLY ACTIVE MIDDLE-AGED MAN WITH CHONDROMALACIA PATELLA

The purpose of this case report is to describe the use of physical therapy combined with prolotherapy in a recreationally active, middle-aged man with knee pain and chondromalacia patella. The patient was a 50 year-old male triathlete presenting with a chief complaint of persistent left knee stiffness and anterolateral knee pain. The patient’s symptoms began insidiously 9 months prior after an increase in his triathlon training activities. His knee pain progressed to the point that he could not perform any weight bearing exercise without significant discomfort. Previous treatments included management by a physical therapist, as well as corticosteroid and hyaluronic acid injections. Although these previous treatments provided minimal benefit, the patient sought further management by another physical therapist. Magnetic resonance imaging findings revealed moderate to severe chondromalacia at the lateral patellar facet. In addition to management by a physical therapist, the patient received a series of three prolotherapy injections to the knee. Physical therapy management consisted of manual therapy for the lower quarter, targeted therapeutic exercise to address strength deficits of the quadriceps and hamstring muscles, and a gradual return to weight bearing exercise and functional activity. At 4 months following the physical therapy and prolotherapy injections, the patient reported no pain during daily activities. Additionally, he had returned to swimming, cycling, unlimited walking and hiking on various surfaces, and agility drills. In patients with knee pain and chondromalacia patella, especially those who have not responded to prior interventions, physical therapy combined with prolotherapy may serve as a treatment option. <p> </p><p><strong> Article visualizations:</strong></p><p><img src="/-counters-/edu_01/0887/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /></p>

WHOLE BODY VIBRATION TRAINING ON SELECTED PERFORMANCE-RELATED PHYSICAL FITNESS COMPONENTS OF PLAYERS IN THE UNIVERSITY OF IBADAN FOOTBALL TEAM, IBADAN, NIGERIA

Several studies have attempted to identify adequate recovery strategies for athletes. But only paucity or none of such studies has been accessed which investigated long term effects of whole body vibration (WBV) as a recovery technique regimen before, during and after performance. This study was carried out to investigate the effect of whole body vibration training on selected performance-related physical fitness components of players in the University of Ibadan football team, Ibadan, Nigeria. The study was carried out using pretest/posttest/control group experimental research design. The sample size for this study was twenty participants. The participants were placed into experimental groups, who undertook eight weeks of whole body vibration training, and a control group who involved in their normal daily training regimen without the use of WBV for eight weeks. Two research questions were answered while four hypotheses were tested. Descriptive statistics of mean, percentages, chats and inferential statistics of analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) were used to test all hypotheses at 0.05 alpha levels of significance. The results of the study showed a significant difference in the pretest and posttest scores of players in leg power (F(1, 18) =10.047; p<0.05; ƞ2=.137) and balance (F(1, 18) =19.317; p<0.05; ƞ2=.327) but no significant difference in agility(F(1, 18) =1.3923; p>0.05; ƞ2=.031) and speed (F(1, 18) =1.006; p>0.05; ƞ2=.062). Two hypotheses were rejected and two were not rejected. The results of this study help to conclude that whole body vibration training significantly improved the leg power and balance recovery of the participants but did not significantly improve agility and speed of the participants. It was therefore recommended that football coaches should incorporate whole body vibration training into their training programme as leg power and balance are essential fitness components needed to play the game of football. <p> </p><p><strong> Article visualizations:</strong></p><p><img src="/-counters-/edu_01/0720/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /></p>

ACUTE CHANGES IN PHYSICAL ACTIVITY ASSOCIATED WITH HOME CONFINEMENT DUE TO COVID-19: A RETROSPECTIVE CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY IN A COLLEGIATE POPULATION IN GREECE

Background: In March 2020 home confinement was imposed to Greek residents as a measure to abate the COVID-19 pandemic. This study aims to elucidate changes in physical activity (PA) levels that occurred during confinement in a collegiate population in Greece. Methods: 565 collegiate students and staff participated in a retrospective cross-sectional online survey measuring PA related behaviours before and during the confinement period using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire Short Form (IPAQ-SF). Results: The overall activity (IPAQ-SF MET-min score) decreased in the confinement- compared to the pre-confinement period [Md (Q1:Q3) pre vs. during: 2464 (1160; 5126) vs. 2247 (1074; 3999), p<0.001], driven exclusively by males (p<0.001) and the younger age group (18-31 years; p=0.003). Sitting increased in the total sample, including in each gender and age-group (all p<0.001). Compared to pre-confinement period, during confinement the odds of being in the ‘medium’ or ‘high’ moderate- to- vigorous PA group were 41% higher in females (aOR = 1.41, 95% CI=1.11-1.80, p=0.006) and 33% lower in males (aOR=0.67, 95% CI=0.50-0.88, p=0.005). Conclusion: There is a gendered pattern in observed changes in PA during the Covid-19 home confinement in the collegiate population, with females being those favored in comparison to males. <p> </p><p><strong> Article visualizations:</strong></p><p><img src="/-counters-/edu_01/0790/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /></p>

EFFECT OF WHOLE BODY VIBRATION TRAINING ON SELECTED HEALTH RELATED COMPONENTS AMONG AMATEUR PLAYERS IN THE POLYTECHNIC, IBADAN FOOTBALL TEAM, IBADAN, NIGERIA

Numerous studies have made attempt at identifying adequate recovery stratagem for amateur athletes. But little or no study has assessed the prolonged effects of whole-body vibration (WBV) as a recovery technique on selected health components after performance. This study investigated the effects of whole body vibration training on some selected health related fitness components among amateur players in The Polytechnic, Ibadan football team, Ibadan, Nigeria. The study was carried out using pretest posttest control group experimental research design. Twenty (20) participants partook in the research; they were placed into two groups; the experimental group (A) who undertook eight weeks of whole body vibration training while the participants in group B form the control group. Pretest and posttest values were elicited and then subjected to empirical analysis. Numerous studies have made attempt at identifying adequate recovery stratagem for amateur athletes. But little or no study has assessed the prolonged effects of whole-body vibration (WBV) as a recovery technique after performance. This study therefore investigated the effects of whole body vibration training on some selected health related health fitness components among amateur players among The Polytechnic, Ibadan football team, Ibadan, Nigeria. Descriptive statistics of mean, percentages, chats and inferential statistics of analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) were used to test all hypotheses at 0.05 alpha level of significance. The results revealed a significant difference in the pretest and posttest scores of players with muscular endurance (F(1, 18) =10.047; p<0.05; ƞ2=.137) and muscular strength (F(1, 18) =19.317; p<0.05; ƞ2=.327). However, the effect of WBV was not significant on flexibility (F(1, 18) =1.006; p>0.05; ƞ2=.062). So, the hypothesis was not rejected. It was concluded that whole body vibration training significantly improved the muscular endurance and muscular strength recovery of the participants, but was not significant on flexibility. It was therefore recommended that football coaches should incorporate whole body vibration training more into their training programme as muscular endurance and muscular strength are essential health fitness components needed to play football game. <p> </p><p><strong> Article visualizations:</strong></p><p><img src="/-counters-/edu_01/0721/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /></p>

INFLUENCE OF DIETARY INTAKES, ‘WASH’ AND DIARRHEAL MORBIDITY ON STUNTING AMONG CHILDREN BELOW FIVE YEARS IN NAKURU COUNTY: A CASE STUDY OF KAPTEMBWO AND MILIMANI, KENYA

Stunting is the most prevalent and pervasive form of under nutrition worldwide. In 2019, an estimate of 144 million (21.3%) of children under the age of 5 years are stunted globally. In sub-Saharan Africa, 34% of children fewer than 5 years are stunted and the burden of stunting is most prevalent in the Eastern Africa region with 37% (FAO, 2017). In Kenya, out of a total of 7 million under 5 years, 1.82 million (26%) children are suffering from stunting; out of which 11.4% are severely stunted. Stunting is associated with greater risk of death from infectious diseases in childhood, poorer cognition, poorer educational outcomes and lower adult earnings. The study population was a total of 314 children aged 0-59 months. Data was collected using survey CTO questionnaire. Use of pesticides, hygiene practices and sanitation (human waste disposal), hand washing practices, water sources and means of water treatment were examined and adequately described in relation to EED and stunting. Survey CTO programme was installed in tablets and or smart phones, in which a questionnaire with closed ended questions was programmed and used to collect a no-paper work data. The Survey CTO programmed questionnaire only allowed the researcher to key in a response for one question before moving to the next question. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 22 software. Descriptive analysis was done using SPSS while regression was done using STATA. There was no significant difference in dietary intakes between children in Kaptembwo and Milimani, and that the dietary intakes in both Milimani and Kaptembwo were adequate and balanced. Out of 202 children sampled in Kaptembwo, 40.59% had experienced diarrhea in the last four weeks to data collection while out of 112 children sampled in Milimani, only 17% had experienced diarrhea in the last four weeks. In spite of the same dietary intakes in Kaptembwo and Milimani, stunting is high in Kaptembwo than in Milimani. Out of a total of 314 children sampled, 25% were stunted in Kaptembwo, while only 3.33% were stunted in Milimani. Diarrhea increases loss of dietary nutrients thereby making the nutrients required for growth inadequate. High level of stunting in Kaptembwo is associated with poor environmental conditions (poor sanitation and hygiene) which contribute to diarrhea. Diarrhea could be key contributor to Environmental Enteric Dysfunction (EED), which is too a contributor to stunting. It is recommended that residents of Kaptembwo and Milimani are educated on the importance of good sanitation and hygiene in order to curb diarrhea, which is a contributor to the development of EED. In the same spirit, understand the importance of proper use of pesticides. Experimental research was done in the same area involving the use of biological markers for EED. <p> </p><p><strong> Article visualizations:</strong></p><p><img src="/-counters-/edu_01/0720/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /></p>

MORPHOLOGICAL-CONDITIONAL PARAMETERS OF THE FINALIST FIFA WORLD CUP 2018

The FIFA World Cup (FWC) is a football (soccer) tournament that happens every four years, gathering 31 national teams world-wide who have secured qualification and the host team. In order to gain more knowledge and information about football, it seemed necessary to analyze the periods of activity during the match. The analysis and characteristics of the effort during the match aims to enable fine modeling of activities in order to assess the specificity of playing positions, to adjust the content of training in order to improve the sports preparation of players and to guide and make tactical decisions. The aim of the research was to determine the differences in the morphological and fitness parameters of the finalists of the FWC 2018, as well as to obtain basic data on the character of the physical parameters of the two teams during the match, the final. Statistically significant differences were recorded in the variable distance traveled in ball possession (in poss) with statistical significance of p <.001, while in other variables no statistical significance was recorded. These results provide information to sports scientists on performance requirements in teams with different percentages of ball possession, which could be used to individualize dual training based on tactical strategy and visual-exploratory action of players during a football game. <p> </p><p><strong> Article visualizations:</strong></p><p><img src="/-counters-/edu_01/0740/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /></p>

PARENTAL INVOLVEMENT IN YOUTH SPORTS: PERCEIVED AND DESIRED BEHAVIOUR BY CHILDREN

<p>Little is known about parent support and perceived pressures in sport. Therefore, we assessed the perceived and desired parental involvement by children and examined their satisfaction or dissatisfaction with any specific behaviour. By Parental Involvement in Sport Questionnaire (PISQ), discrepancy scores revealed that children reported excessive Active Involvement and Pressure, insufficient Praise and Understanding but satisfactory Directive Behaviour from their parents. Findings suggest that excessive parental involvement could be a source of pressure among children that would rather have greater parental participation characterized by praise and understanding. Thus, parents should be advised on how to support their children in a positive and non-invasive way, preventing burnout and dropout.</p><p> </p><p><strong> Article visualizations:</strong></p><p><img src="/-counters-/edu_01/0656/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /></p>