Improving Accountability for the Public Investment in Health Profession Education

JAMA ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 300 (10) ◽  
pp. 1205 ◽  
Author(s):  
David C. Goodman
Keyword(s):  
Public Investment ◽  
Health Profession ◽  
Health Profession Education ◽  
The Public

Evaluation of the impact of public investment programs on social and economic performance of territories

2019 ◽  
pp. 109-123
Author(s):  
I. E. Limonov ◽  
M. V. Nesena
Keyword(s):  
Bayesian Modeling ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Public Investment ◽  
Difference In Differences ◽  
The Public ◽  
Export Activity ◽  
Regional Investment ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Development Institution

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the impact of public investment programs on the socio-economic development of territories. As a case, the federal target programs for the development of regions and investment programs of the financial development institution — Vnesheconombank, designed to solve the problems of regional development are considered. The impact of the public interventions were evaluated by the “difference in differences” method using Bayesian modeling. The results of the evaluation suggest the positive impact of federal target programs on the total factor productivity of regions and on innovation; and that regional investment programs of Vnesheconombank are improving the export activity. All of the investments considered are likely to have contributed to the reduction of unemployment, but their implementation has been accompanied by an increase in social inequality.

A mechanism to improve the allocation of public investment funds

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (7) ◽  
pp. 1522-1533
Author(s):  
A.V. Larionov
Keyword(s):  
Panel Data ◽  
Random Effects ◽  
Public Investment ◽  
Allocative Efficiency ◽  
Investment Funds ◽  
The Public ◽  
Panel Data Regression ◽  
Data Regression ◽  
Efficiency And Effectiveness ◽  
Effective System

Subject. This article deals with the issue of improving the public investment allocative efficiency. Objectives. The article aims to develop an approach to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of public investment in the economy. Methods. The study is based on a panel data regression with random effects. Conclusions and Relevance. All sectors of the economy have different demand for investment resources attracted, determined by operational and technological aspects. The results of the study can be used to develop an effective system of public investment.

Cross-National Focus Group Response to Autonomous Vehicles

2021 ◽  
pp. 036119812199236
Author(s):  
Thomas A. Norton ◽  
Melissa Ruhl ◽  
Tim Armitage ◽  
Brian Matthews ◽  
John Miles
Keyword(s):  
Focus Group ◽  
San Francisco ◽  
Autonomous Vehicles ◽  
Public Investment ◽  
Public Attitudes ◽  
Total N ◽  
The Public ◽  
Form And Function ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
Willingness To Use

The development of autonomous vehicles (AVs) is advancing quickly in some enclaves around the world. Consequently, AVs exist in the public consciousness, featuring regularly in mainstream media. As the form and function of AVs emerge, the attitudes of potential users become more important. The extent to which the public trusts AV technology and anticipates benefits, will drive consumer willingness to use AVs. Broadly, public attitudes will determine whether AVs can attract public investment in infrastructure and become a feature of the future transport mix or fail to realize the potential their developers assert. As part of UK Autodrive, a program trialing the introduction of AVs in the United Kingdom, researchers conducted focus groups in five UK cities, and a comparison focus group in San Francisco (December 2017 to September 2018) using representative samples (total n = 137). Focus group facilitators guided discussions in three areas considered central to usage decisions: trust in the technology, ownership models, and community benefit. This paper describes findings from a quasi-quantitative study supported with qualitative insights. This research provides three key takeaways centering on trust in the technology and in delivering benefit. First, some participants gain trust through experience and others through evidence. Second, participants had difficulty discriminating between AV developers, indicating a need for industry cooperation. Third, partnerships were found to demonstrate trust, highlighting the need for more and deeper partnerships moving forward. Generally, participants had positive attitudes toward AVs and expect AVs to provide benefits. However, these attitudes and expectations could change as AV development progresses.

scholarly journals Mapping CRISPR-Cas9 public and commercial innovation using The Lens institutional toolkit

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Osmat Azzam Jefferson ◽  
Simon Lang ◽  
Kenny Williams ◽  
Deniz Koellhofer ◽  
Aaron Ballagh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Investment ◽  
Open Data ◽  
Regulatory Elements ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Base Editing ◽  
The Public ◽  
Homology Directed Repair ◽  
A Genome ◽  
Institutional Capability ◽  
Cellular Dna

AbstractCRISPR-Cas9 is a revolutionary technology because it is precise, fast and easy to implement, cheap and components are readily accessible. This versatility means that the technology can deliver a timely end product and can be used by many stakeholders. In plant cells, the technology can be applied to knockout genes by using CRISPR–Cas nucleases that can alter coding gene regions or regulatory elements, alter precisely a genome by base editing to delete or regulate gene expression, edit precisely a genome by homology-directed repair mechanism (cellular DNA), or regulate transcriptional machinery by using dead Cas proteins to recruit regulators to the promoter region of a gene. All these applications can be for: 1) Research use (Non commercial), 2) Uses related product components for the technology itself (reagents, equipment, toolkits, vectors etc), and 3) Uses related to the development and sale of derived end products based on this technology. In this contribution, we present a prototype report that can engage the community in open, inclusive and collaborative innovation mapping. Using the open data at the Lens.org platform and other relevant sources, we tracked, analyzed, organized, and assembled contextual and bridged patent and scholarly knowledge about CRISPR-Cas9 and with the assistance of a new Lens institutional capability, The Lens Report Builder, currently in beta release, mapped the public and commercial innovation pathways of the technology. When scaled, this capability will also enable coordinated editing and curation by credentialed experts to inform policy makers, businesses and private or public investment.

scholarly journals The Relation between Social Capital and Academic Motivation of Students: A Study of Health Professional Education in Japan

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 129-141
Author(s):  
Yuka Koyanagi ◽  
Myo Nyein Aung ◽  
Motoyuki Yuasa ◽  
Miwa Sekine ◽  
Okada Takao
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
University Students ◽  
Intrinsic Motivation ◽  
Extrinsic Motivation ◽  
Academic Motivation ◽  
Academic Work ◽  
Health Profession ◽  
Average Level ◽  
Social Connections ◽  
Health Profession Education

Academic motivation consists of reward-based extrinsic motivation and curiosity-based intrinsic motivation. Students studying at university or college develop several new social connections with friends, classmates, and teachers, in addition to their family and community. Belonging to their networks, students acquire opinions, appreciation, trust, and norms of the society. Whether those social connections enhance the motivation of university students for academic work is a question yet to be answered in the context of health profession education in Japan. Judo-therapist education is a form of health profession education in Japan. This study aimed to measure the academic motivation and social capital (SC) of judo-therapist students in Japan, and to find the relation between social capital and academic motivation. This cross-sectional study recruited a total of 2247 students applying multi-stage sampling across Japan. A Japanese version Academic Motivation Scale (AMS) measured the learning motivation in three constructs: (1) intrinsic motivation (IM); (2) extrinsic motivation (EM); and (3) amotivation (alpha 0.94). A newly-developed 46-itemed, 4-pointed scale measured social capital (SC) in five constructs: (1) family relations, (2) on-campus friends, (3) off-campus friends, (4) classroom social capital; and (5) regional social capital (alpha 0.85). Robust regression analysis treated all constructs of SC as independent variables and IM and EM as dependent variables respectively in the three models. Among the average level of constructs, the family SC average level was the highest. Classroom SC was less than family SC and community SC was the lowest. Intrinsic motivation is positively influenced by classroom SC the most, followed by family SC, on-campus friends’ SC, and community SC. Extrinsic motivation is positively influenced by classroom SC the most, followed by family SC, on-campus friends’ SC, and community SC. Amotivation is negatively influenced by social capital constructs except external friends’ SC. In conclusion, social connections have the power to enhance the motivation of university students’ academic work within health profession education. The relations, trust and bonds developed in the classroom may allow an adult learner’s motivation to evolve into autonomous intrinsic motivation and prevent amotivation.

scholarly journals AN ALTERNATIVE APPROACH TO IDENTIFY KEY INDUSTRIES: ISSUES TO SELECTION CRITERIA

2014 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 577-598
Author(s):  
Abul Quasem Al-Amin ◽  
Abdul Hamid Jaafar
Keyword(s):  
Selection Criteria ◽  
Public Investment ◽  
Correct Identification ◽  
The Public ◽  
Study Approach ◽  
Sectoral Planning ◽  
Alternative Approach ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Key Industries ◽  
High Degree

Within a process of modeling exercise, this study aimed to understand appropriate selection criteria to identify key industries. There are many key sector identification linkage measures in the subject matter and sensitivity issue among them can be tricky because many of these measures differ only slightly but can result in outcomes that are quite dissimilar. With this background, we proposed an alternate approach that helps to resolve this issue. The proposed approach utilizes in this study by five sub-methods and high degree of the frequency of their occurrences in sub-methods to determine the key sectors. The study approach is applied to Malaysia as the public sector investment remains a large share in the national economy, like other developing countries, and the correct identification is still a challenge for sectoral planning. The experiences from this study can be used to guide appropriate public investment in Malaysia and elsewhere with similar economic forms.

scholarly journals Inversión Pública y sus implicancias en el desarrollo socioeconómico en el Departamento de Puno Perú.

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alcides Huamaní Peralta
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Public Management ◽  
Econometric Model ◽  
Public Investment ◽  
Private Investment ◽  
Regional Government ◽  
The Public ◽  
Socio Economic Development ◽  
National Governments

<p>Se pretende explicar y analizar las implicancias que ha tenido la inversión pública de los gobiernos locales y el gobierno regional en el Departamento de Puno sobre el desarrollo socioeconómico; en los últimos años<a href="file:///C:/Users/FORTUNATO/Desktop/aptos%20ria%2018n3/8-%20INVERSI%C3%92N%20P%C3%99BLICA%20alcides%20huamani%20peralta.doc#_msocom_1">]</a> , la gestión pública es cuestionado principalmente porque éstas no han mostrado mejoras significativas en el desarrollo socioeconómico a pesar del incremento de recursos. Se ha considerado información anual del 2007 al 2014, referida a gobiernos subnacionales; para el primer objetivo se ha realizado la caracterización de gobiernos locales y gobierno regional; para el segundo objetivo, se analiza las implicancias que tiene la inversión pública sobre el desarrollo socioeconómico, mediante un modelo econométrico. Se ha caracterizado a la gestión de los gobiernos locales y el gobierno regional, encontrando problemas en la ejecución de inversiones, como la falta de calidad en proyectos de inversión, hechos de corrupción, limitadas capacidades de autoridades y funcionarios, y problemas de transparencia y procesos participativos; se ha evidenciado que las inversiones públicas tienen efectos muy limitados o marginales sobre el desarrollo socioeconómico en nuestro departamento, esto se infiere de los resultados del modelo econométrico aplicado. Conforme a la evidencia empírica, los gobiernos subnacionales no han generado mejoras significativas en las condiciones de vida de la población y condiciones favorables para el sector privado.</p><p> </p><p> </p><p> </p><p><strong> </strong></p><p align="center"><strong>ABSTRACT.</strong></p><p><strong> </strong></p><p>We  try to explain and analyze the implications that had the public investment of local governments and the regional government in the Department of Puno about the socio-economic development; in recent years, was questioned mainly because they have not shown significant improvements in the socio-economic development despite the increase of resources. It has been considered annual information from 2007 to 2014, referring about sub-national governments; for the first objective it has been taken characterization of local government and regional government; for the second objective, it has been analized the implications that has the public investment on the socio-economic development, using an econometric model. It has been characterized the management local governments and regional government, finding problems in the execution of investments, such as the lack of quality in investment projects, acts of corruption, limited capacities of authorities and civil servants, and problems of transparency and participatory processes;  this shows that public investments have very limited or marginal effects on the socio-economic development in our department, this is the conclussion  from the results of the applied econometric model. According to the empiric evidence, sub-national governments have not generated significant improvements in population’s  living conditions and favourable conditions for the private sector.</p><p> </p><p> </p><p>Key words: public management, private investment, standard of living.<strong></strong></p><p> </p><p> </p><p> </p><p> </p>

Financing Major League Facilities: Status, Evolution and Conflicting Forces

2003 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 156-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
John L. Crompton ◽  
Dennis R. Howard ◽  
Turgut var
Keyword(s):  
Final Section ◽  
Public Investment ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
Sports Facilities ◽  
Competitive Balance ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Subsidy ◽  
Community Power ◽  
Major League ◽  
Total Investment

This paper identifies the pervasiveness, magnitude, and trends of public investment in major league sports facilities and describes the forces that typically direct and dictate the debate. In 2003 dollars, the total investment in facilities currently being used by franchises in the four major leagues in North America is almost $24 billion, of which over $15 billion was contributed by public entities. Four eras of funding these facilities are identified and described: the Gestation Era 1961-1969; the Public Subsidy Era 1970-1984; the Transitional (Public-Private Partnership) Era 1985-1994; and the Fully-Loaded (Private-Public Partnership) Era post 1994. There is a consistent trend of private contributions increasing across these eras, but public sector contributions remain substantial. The final section of the paper discusses the four primary sources of momentum undergirding this public investment: owner leverage, the community power structure, the stimulus of increasing costs, and the competitive balance rationale.

Clientelism and development: Vote-buying meets patronage

2021 ◽  
pp. 095162982110615
Author(s):  
Vladimir Shchukin ◽  
Cemal Eren Arbatli
Keyword(s):  
Private Sector ◽  
Political Competition ◽  
Public Investment ◽  
Vote Buying ◽  
The Public ◽  
Political Machines ◽  
Electoral Support ◽  
Patronage Politics ◽  
Equilibrium Amount ◽  
State Investment

Offering employment in the public sector in exchange for electoral support (patronage politics) and vote-buying are clientelistic practices frequently used by political machines. In the literature, these practices are typically studied in isolation. In this paper, we study how the interaction between these two practices (as opposed to having just one tool) affects economic development. We present a theoretical model of political competition, where, before the election, the incumbent chooses the level of state investment that can improve productivity in the private sector. This decision affects the income levels of employees in the private sector, and, thereby, the costs and effectiveness of vote-buying and patronage. We show that when the politician can use both clientelistic instruments simultaneously, his opportunity cost for clientelism in terms of foregone future taxes declines. As a result, the equilibrium amount of public investment is typically lower when both tools are available than otherwise.

Technological Change and the Transformation of Global Agriculture

2010 ◽  
pp. 272-297 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alejandro Nin-Pratt
Keyword(s):  
Technical Change ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Public Investment ◽  
Green Revolution ◽  
Full Potential ◽  
The Public ◽  
Mendelian Genetics ◽  
Research And Innovation ◽  
Global Agriculture ◽  
New Institutions

This chapter discusses the economic impact of science-based research in agriculture. Global agriculture was transformed in the 20th century by the Green Revolution that resulted from applying Mendelian genetics to crop and animal breeding. Developments of biotechnology in the last 20 years marked the dawn of a gene revolution that is thought to replace Mendelian genetics as the driver of technical change in agriculture. In recent years and still far from reaching the full potential impact of biotechnology in agriculture, developments in nanotechnology promise to further push the research and innovation frontier in agriculture. In this new environment, the private sector emerges as the main actor in agricultural R&D displacing the public sector, which played a central role during the Green Revolution period. However, more public investment in R&D rather than less and new institutions will be needed in developing countries if they are to benefit from the new technologies.

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