The impact of reductants on the catalytic efficiency of a lytic polysaccharide monooxygenase and the special role of dehydroascorbic acid

The article deals with the question of the influence of marketing communications on consumer behavior. Today, in order to increase sales, it is no longer enough for companies to just improve their product or service, improve its quality. Among all marketing tools, marketing communications play a special role. The relevance of the topic is due to the need for a theoretical substantiation of the influence of the marketing communication environment on consumer behavior. The purpose of the article is to study the role of marketing communications and their impact on consumer behavior. As a result of this study, the role of marketing communications in the formation of consumer behavior has been substantiated from the standpoint of the main theories and concepts that form the subject areas of marketing communications research. The effectiveness of marketing policy depends on the correct choice of communication tools. The tools of the communication complex are highlighted and characterized. It has been proved that marketing communications influence the formation of consumer behavior in three aspects: informational, emotional, and behavioral. The scientific approaches of scientists to the definition of the process of making a consumer’s decision to purchase are analyzed. The stages of the consumer’s decision-making process to purchase a product are highlighted. Today, integrated marketing communications are considered more effective. They represent the most complete marketing communications system that includes all elements from advertising to packaging. Special attention is paid to the issue of the effectiveness of the impact of marketing communications on consumer behavior. The sequence of determining the effectiveness of the impact of marketing communications on consumer behavior is indicated. It is noted that for effective promotion of goods, only the informational component of communications is not enough. When developing a marketing communications system, it is necessary to take into account personal values. This will increase the degree of influence on consumer behavior. The main goal of marketing communications is to motivate consumer behavior. The use of modern marketing communications through a variety of means can increase the effectiveness of influencing consumer behavior.

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Financial and economic aspects of corporate social responsibility

SHS Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/shsconf/20208907002 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 89 ◽

pp. 07002

Author(s):

V.V. Ilyashenko

Keyword(s):

Corporate Social Responsibility ◽

Social Responsibility ◽

Oil And Gas ◽

Special Role ◽

Financial Conditions ◽

National Wealth ◽

Role Of The State ◽

Corporate Social ◽

The Impact

The article shows the importance of corporate social responsibility (CSR) in ensuring sustainable development of the country. The types of CSR and its features in various states are considered. The author describes the economy of the Russian Federation and its impact on the system of corporate social responsibility in the country. The high profitability of resource-extractive industries and their use of the country’s national wealth defines their special role in CSR not only towards their employees through wages and the allocation of social benefits from profit, but also to the society. It is shown that the established country’s political system significantly influences the possibility of implementing a system of corporate social responsibility. The author characterizes the significant regulatory and stimulating role of the state in social development through taxation and the structure of government spending. When assessing the financial conditions of CSR, the author analyses the impact of capital outflow on its development. Corporate social responsibility also includes the responsibility of organizations to the environment. The author provides a rating assessment of Russian oil and gas, mining and metallurgical companies openness in terms of environmental responsibility.

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Kinetic insights into the role of the reductant in H2O2-driven degradation of chitin by a bacterial lytic polysaccharide monooxygenase

Journal of Biological Chemistry ◽

10.1074/jbc.ra118.006196 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 294 (5) ◽

pp. 1516-1528 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

Silja Kuusk ◽

Riin Kont ◽

Piret Kuusk ◽

Agnes Heering ◽

Morten Sørlie ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Reduction Reaction ◽

Reaction Conditions ◽

Lytic Polysaccharide Monooxygenase ◽

Glycosidic Bonds ◽

Initial Reduction ◽

Catalytically Active ◽

Polysaccharide Monooxygenases ◽

Theoretical Analyses ◽

Polysaccharide Monooxygenase

Lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases (LPMOs) are monocopper enzymes that catalyze oxidative cleavage of glycosidic bonds in polysaccharides in the presence of an external electron donor (reductant). In the classical O2-driven monooxygenase reaction, the reductant is needed in stoichiometric amounts. In a recently discovered, more efficient H2O2-driven reaction, the reductant would be needed only for the initial reduction (priming) of the LPMO to its catalytically active Cu(I) form. However, the influence of the reductant on reducing the LPMO or on H2O2 production in the reaction remains undefined. Here, we conducted a detailed kinetic characterization to investigate how the reductant affects H2O2-driven degradation of 14C-labeled chitin by a bacterial LPMO, SmLPMO10A (formerly CBP21). Sensitive detection of 14C-labeled products and careful experimental set-ups enabled discrimination between the effects of the reductant on LPMO priming and other effects, in particular enzyme-independent production of H2O2 through reactions with O2. When supplied with H2O2, SmLPMO10A catalyzed 18 oxidative cleavages per molecule of ascorbic acid, suggesting a “priming reduction” reaction. The dependence of initial rates of chitin degradation on reductant concentration followed hyperbolic saturation kinetics, and differences between the reductants were manifested in large variations in their half-saturating concentrations (KmRapp). Theoretical analyses revealed that KmRapp decreases with a decreasing rate of polysaccharide-independent LPMO reoxidation (by either O2 or H2O2). We conclude that the efficiency of LPMO priming depends on the relative contributions of reductant reactivity, on the LPMO's polysaccharide monooxygenase/peroxygenase and reductant oxidase/peroxidase activities, and on reaction conditions, such as O2, H2O2, and polysaccharide concentrations.

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METALLOTHIONEINS AS SENSORS AND CONTROLS EXCHANGE OF METALS IN THE CELLS

Bulletin of Siberian Medicine ◽

10.20538/1682-0363-2014-3-91-99 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 13 (3) ◽

pp. 91-99 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

V. A. Kutyakov ◽

A. V. Salmina

Keyword(s):

Stress Factors ◽

Special Role ◽

Cellular Functions ◽

Regulation Of Expression ◽

Wide Range ◽

Health And Disease ◽

Pharmacology And Toxicology ◽

Regulatory Functions ◽

The Impact

The basic information on the classification, structure, induction and degradation, functions of the protein family – metallothionein (MT), including CNS in health and disease are presented in this review. It was found that four major isoforms of metallothionein perform different biological roles, are localized in dif- ferent tissues. Induction of MT is a universal reaction to the impact of a variety of stress factors. In recent years, understanding of the role of metallothioneins in metal homeostasis in the tissues in normal and pathological conditions have changed significantly. Notes polyfunctionality metallothioneins (transport of metal ions, maintaining redox reactions, tread, signal, modulated and regulatory functions) and their im- pact on basic cellular functions such as proliferation, differentiation, programmed cell death. Further- more, a special role is shown MT in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular, neurodegenerative and neoplastic disorders.Currently, these molecules are increasingly considered as potential targets for therapy of a wide range of diseases and the development of targeted approaches to the regulation of expression of MT – one of the promising areas of pharmacology and toxicology. Stressed the safety of metallothioneins as therapeutic agents.

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The role of the active site tyrosine in the mechanism of lytic polysaccharide monooxygenase

Chemical Science ◽

10.1039/d0sc05262k ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 352-362

Author(s):

Aina McEvoy ◽

Joel Creutzberg ◽

Raushan K. Singh ◽

Morten J. Bjerrum ◽

Erik D. Hedegård

Keyword(s):

Active Site ◽

Lytic Polysaccharide Monooxygenase ◽

Lytic Polysaccharide Monooxygenases ◽

Polysaccharide Monooxygenases ◽

Active Site Tyrosine ◽

Polysaccharide Monooxygenase

With QM/MM, we investigate the mechanism of tyrosine deprotonation in lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases. Our results support deprotonation and our calculated UV-vis spectra show that two isomers must be formed to match recent experiments.

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COMPARING ACCOUNTS OF ENGLISH WH-QUESTIONS ACQUISITION BY MONOLINGUALS AND BILINGUALS UNDER VARIOUS CONDITIONS

Psycholinguistics in a Modern World ◽

10.31470/10.31470/2706-7904-2021-16-308-312 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 ◽

pp. 308-312

Author(s):

Leonid Chernovaty ◽

Natalia Kovalchuk

Keyword(s):

Second Language ◽

Past Tense ◽

Special Role ◽

Efl Learners ◽

Research Results ◽

Wh Questions ◽

Informal Environment ◽

The Impact

The comparison of English wh-questions acquisition by monolinguals, bilinguals and EFL learners showed inter-groups similarities, which included wh-questions formulaic use, overgeneralization, non-inverted structures, archiforms, double marking of auxiliaries and past tense. The authors suggest a special role of there is/are structures in the wh-questions acquisition by EFL learners. The research results allow assuming the impact of universal factors upon the process of wh-questions acquisition irrespective of the learners’ age, onset of the bilingualism, if they acquire English as the first or the second language, or whether it is acquired in the formal or informal environment.

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Role of livestock in sustainable agriculture for food security

BIO Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/bioconf/20224204006 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 42 ◽

pp. 04006

Author(s):

Maria V. Karpova ◽

Nina V. Roznina ◽

Aliya U. Esembekova ◽

Alla V. Shulgina ◽

Valentina M. Flakina

Keyword(s):

Food Security ◽

Rural Economy ◽

Animal Husbandry ◽

Special Role ◽

Livestock Sector ◽

Wide Range ◽

Food Market ◽

Livestock Products ◽

The Impact

The livestock sector plays a special role in the formation of the rural economy and the life of society, performing a wide range of different functions. Agriculture, as a result of its activities, provides new jobs, in connection with which unemployment is reduced, there is also a decrease in rural migration, there is a change in the competitive environment, as a result of which the needs of the food market are being satisfied. A comprehensive assessment of the impact of animal husbandry on the development of the territory of the Kurgan region is the goal of our study. The article examines the development trends of the industry on the example of the Kurgan region. The influence of the development of animal husbandry on the provision of food security in the region has been studied. Such indicators as the volume of agricultural products for all types of categories, livestock, production of basic livestock products by categories of farms in the Kurgan region for 2016-2020 were considered and analyzed.

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The Crisis of Secularism in India

World Economy and International Relations ◽

10.20542/0131-2227-2021-65-4-132-138 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 65 (4) ◽

pp. 132-138

Author(s):

D. Abramov

Keyword(s):

Public Space ◽

Political Institutions ◽

Mutual Influence ◽

Significant Loss ◽

Indian Society ◽

Recent Experience ◽

Special Role ◽

Political Processes ◽

The Impact

Received 11.01.2020. The article discusses the problem of the decline in the spirit of Indian secularism, both in connection with the significant loss of popularity of the INC party and the general crisis of liberal values in the world, examines the reasons for the complication of intercommunal dialogue and the reduction of public space for tolerance. The understanding of such key ideas as secularism, religious tolerance, multiculturalism, pluralism in political culture and society determines not only its prospects on its path to modernization, but also determines the fate of these societies. In addition to the ideological confrontation around the listed concepts within the Indian political system, the study examines the special role of educational institutions at all levels and the media in expanding the space of public dialogue and also outlines the difficulties faced by the country’s political institutions. Based on the examples of recent experience in resolving the Kashmir problem and the adoption of the Citizenship Law, an attempt is made to assess the mutual influence of the secular self-awareness of Indians and religious dynamics in a complex structured Indian society on political processes. The paper assesses the impact of the Hindutva ideology on reducing the degree of secularity in modern India and the role of the Sangh Parivar family (Hindu ethno-nationalist organizations) in the course of the country’s forced “saffronization” policy.

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Lytic Polysaccharide Monooxygenase from Talaromyces amestolkiae with an Enigmatic Linker-like Region: The Role of This Enzyme on Cellulose Saccharification

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms222413611 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (24) ◽

pp. 13611

Author(s):

Juan Antonio Méndez-Líter ◽

Iván Ayuso-Fernández ◽

Florian Csarman ◽

Laura Isabel de Eugenio ◽

Noa Míguez ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Catalytic Domain ◽

Phylogenetic Analyses ◽

Carbohydrate Binding ◽

Wild Type ◽

Wild Type Enzyme ◽

Lytic Polysaccharide Monooxygenase ◽

In The Wild ◽

Type Sequence ◽

Polysaccharide Monooxygenase

The first lytic polysaccharide monooxygenase (LPMO) detected in the genome of the widespread ascomycete Talaromyces amestolkiae (TamAA9A) has been successfully expressed in Pichia pastoris and characterized. Molecular modeling of TamAA9A showed a structure similar to those from other AA9 LPMOs. Although fungal LPMOs belonging to the genera Penicillium or Talaromyces have not been analyzed in terms of regioselectivity, phylogenetic analyses suggested C1/C4 oxidation which was confirmed by HPAEC. To ascertain the function of a C-terminal linker-like region present in the wild-type sequence of the LPMO, two variants of the wild-type enzyme, one without this sequence and one with an additional C-terminal carbohydrate binding domain (CBM), were designed. The three enzymes (native, without linker and chimeric variant with a CBM) were purified in two chromatographic steps and were thermostable and active in the presence of H2O2. The transition midpoint temperature of the wild-type LPMO (Tm = 67.7 °C) and its variant with only the catalytic domain (Tm = 67.6 °C) showed the highest thermostability, whereas the presence of a CBM reduced it (Tm = 57.8 °C) and indicates an adverse effect on the enzyme structure. Besides, the potential of the different T. amestolkiae LPMO variants for their application in the saccharification of cellulosic and lignocellulosic materials was corroborated.

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Superspreading as a Regular Factor of the COVID-19 Pandemic: II. Quarantine Measures and the Second Wave

10.1101/2020.08.14.20174557 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Juri Dimaschko

Keyword(s):

Severe Illness ◽

Special Role ◽

Final Phase ◽

Natural Explanation ◽

Absolute Increase ◽

Regular Factor ◽

The Impact ◽

Second Wave

Within the framework of a two-component model of the COVID-19 epidemic, taking into account the special role of superspreaders, we consider the impact of the recovery factor and quarantine measures on the course of the epidemic, as well as the possibility of a second wave of morbidity. It is assumed that there is no long-term immunity in asymptomatic superspreaders who have under- gone the infection, and the emergence of long-term immunity in those who have undergone severe illness. It is shown that, under these assumptions, the relaxation of quarantine measures leads to the resumption of virus circulation among asymptomatic superspreaders. Depending on the charac- teristics of the quarantine, its removal may or may not lead to a renewed wave of daily morbidity. A criterion for the occurrence of repeated wave of morbidity is proposed based on the analysis of the final phase of the first wave. Based on this criterion, the repeated wave of the epidemic is predicted in New Zealand. A natural explanation is given for the decrease in lethality among the infected against the background of an absolute increase in their number.

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