Watershed geomorphology and snowmelt control stream thermal sensitivity to air temperature

2015 ◽  
Vol 42 (9) ◽  
pp. 3380-3388 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter J. Lisi ◽  
Daniel E. Schindler ◽  
Timothy J. Cline ◽  
Mark D. Scheuerell ◽  
Patrick B. Walsh
Keyword(s):  
Air Temperature ◽  
Thermal Sensitivity ◽  
Control Stream

scholarly journals A hierarchical model of daily stream temperature for regional predictions

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel J Hocking ◽  
Kyle O'Neil ◽  
Benjamin H Letcher
Keyword(s):  
Water Temperature ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Hierarchical Model ◽  
Mean Squared Error ◽  
Thermal Sensitivity ◽  
Stream Temperature ◽  
Eastern United States ◽  
Validation Data ◽  
Temperature Records ◽  
Use Factors

Stream temperature is an important exogenous factor influencing populations of stream organisms such as fish, amphibians, and invertebrates. Many states regulate stream protections based on temperature. Therefore, stream temperature models are important, particularly for estimating thermal regimes in unsampled space and time. To help meet this need, we developed a hierarchical model of daily stream temperature and applied it across the eastern United States. Our model accommodates many of the key challenges associated with daily stream temperature models including the lagged response of water temperature to changes in air temperature, incomplete and widely-varying observed time series, spatial and temporal autocorrelation, and the inclusion of predictors other than air temperature. We used 248,517 daily stream temperature records from 1,352 streams to fit our model and 100,909 records were withheld for model validation. Our model had a root mean squared error of 0.61 C for the fitted data and 2.03 C for the validation data, indicating excellent fit and good predictive power for understanding regional temperature patterns. We then used our model to predict daily stream temperatures from 1980 - 2015 for all streams <200 km2 from Maine to Virginia. From these, we calculated derived stream metrics including mean July temperature, mean summer temperature, and the thermal sensitivity of each stream reach to changes in air temperature. Although generally water temperature follows similar latitudinal and altitudinal patterns as air temperature, there are considerable differences at the reach scale based on landscape and land-use factors.

scholarly journals Comparing headwater stream thermal sensitivity across two contrasting lithologies in Northern California

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Austin Wissler ◽  
Catalina Segura ◽  
Kevin Bladon
Keyword(s):  
Air Temperature ◽  
Sustainable Forest Management ◽  
Headwater Streams ◽  
Thermal Sensitivity ◽  
Groundwater Discharge ◽  
Ecological Condition ◽  
Cascade Range ◽  
Northern California ◽  
Coast Range ◽  
Thermal Regimes

Understanding drivers of thermal regimes in headwater streams is critical for a comprehensive understanding of freshwater ecological condition and habitat resilience to disturbance, and to inform sustainable forest management policies and decisions. However, stream temperatures may vary depending on characteristics of the stream, catchment, or region. To improve our knowledge of the key drivers of stream thermal regime, we collected stream and air temperature data along eight headwater streams in two regions with distinct lithology, climate, and riparian vegetation. Five streams were in the Northern California Coast Range at the Caspar Creek Experimental Watershed Study, which is characterized by permeable sandstone lithology. Three streams were in the Cascade Range at the LaTour Demonstration State Forest, which is characterized by fractured and resistant basalt lithology. We instrumented each stream with 12 stream temperature and four air temperature sensors during summer 2018. Our objectives were to compare stream thermal regimes and thermal sensitivity—slope of the linear regression relationship between daily stream and air temperature—within and between both study regions. Mean daily stream temperatures were ~4.7 °C warmer in the Coast Range but were less variable (SD = 0.7 °C) compared to the Cascade Range (SD = 2.3 °C). Median thermal sensitivity was 0.33 °C °C in the Coast Range and 0.23 °C °C in the Cascade Range. We posit that the volcanic lithology underlying the Cascade streams likely supported discrete groundwater discharge locations, which dampened thermal sensitivity. At locations of apparent groundwater discharge in these streams, median stream temperatures rapidly decreased by 2.0 °C, 3.6 °C, and 7.0 °C relative to adjacent locations, approximately 70–90 meters upstream. In contrast, thin friable soils in the Coast Range likely contributed baseflow from shallow subsurface sources, which was more sensitive to air temperature and generally warmed downstream (up to 2.1 °C km). Our study revealed distinct longitudinal thermal regimes in streams draining contrasting lithology, suggesting that streams in these different regions may respond differentially to forest disturbances or climate change.

scholarly journals Climate change and stream temperature projections in the Columbia River basin: habitat implications of spatial variation in hydrologic drivers

2014 ◽  
Vol 18 (12) ◽  
pp. 4897-4912 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. L. Ficklin ◽  
B. L. Barnhart ◽  
J. H. Knouft ◽  
I. T. Stewart ◽  
E. P. Maurer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
General Circulation ◽  
Thermal Sensitivity ◽  
Circulation Model ◽  
Columbia River ◽  
Stream Temperature ◽  
Hydrologic Model ◽  
Columbia River Basin ◽  
Ecological Province

Abstract. Water temperature is a primary physical factor regulating the persistence and distribution of aquatic taxa. Considering projected increases in air temperature and changes in precipitation in the coming century, accurate assessment of suitable thermal habitats in freshwater systems is critical for predicting aquatic species' responses to changes in climate and for guiding adaptation strategies. We use a hydrologic model coupled with a stream temperature model and downscaled general circulation model outputs to explore the spatially and temporally varying changes in stream temperature for the late 21st century at the subbasin and ecological province scale for the Columbia River basin (CRB). On average, stream temperatures are projected to increase 3.5 °C for the spring, 5.2 °C for the summer, 2.7 °C for the fall, and 1.6 °C for the winter. While results indicate changes in stream temperature are correlated with changes in air temperature, our results also capture the important, and often ignored, influence of hydrological processes on changes in stream temperature. Decreases in future snowcover will result in increased thermal sensitivity within regions that were previously buffered by the cooling effect of flow originating as snowmelt. Other hydrological components, such as precipitation, surface runoff, lateral soil water flow, and groundwater inflow, are negatively correlated to increases in stream temperature depending on the ecological province and season. At the ecological province scale, the largest increase in annual stream temperature was within the Mountain Snake ecological province, which is characterized by migratory coldwater fish species. Stream temperature changes varied seasonally with the largest projected stream temperature increases occurring during the spring and summer for all ecological provinces. Our results indicate that stream temperatures are driven by local processes and ultimately require a physically explicit modeling approach to accurately characterize the habitat regulating the distribution and diversity of aquatic taxa.

Assessment on Thermal Sensitivity of Fusable Links With a Wind Tunnel

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. K. Chow ◽  
Angus C. K. Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Wind Tunnel ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Thermal Sensitivity ◽  
Thermal Response ◽  
Air Speed ◽  
International Testing ◽  
Testing Standards ◽  
Working Section

This is a paper on exploring how codes on assessing thermal sensitivity of fusable links for controlling fire shutters can be established. Typical samples of fusable links were tested in a wind tunnel for studying the thermal response of sprinkler heads. In the test, the fusable link samples were loaded under 0.4 kgf. The working section of the tunnel was set at air temperature of 135°C and air speed of 2.54 ms−1. Results suggested that it is feasible to assess the thermal sensitivity of fusable links by following international testing standards.

scholarly journals Summer temperature regimes in southcentral Alaska streams: watershed drivers of variation and potential implications for Pacific salmon

2017 ◽  
Vol 74 (5) ◽  
pp. 702-715 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sue Mauger ◽  
Rebecca Shaftel ◽  
Jason C. Leppi ◽  
Daniel J. Rinella
Keyword(s):  
Air Temperature ◽  
Sublethal Effects ◽  
Pacific Salmon ◽  
Thermal Sensitivity ◽  
Open Water ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Temperature Regimes ◽  
Southcentral Alaska ◽  
Maximum Temperatures ◽  
Cook Inlet Basin

Climate is changing fastest in high-latitude regions, focusing our research on understanding rates and drivers of changing temperature regimes in southcentral Alaska streams and implications for salmon populations. We collected continuous water and air temperature data during open-water periods from 2008 to 2012 in 48 nonglacial salmon streams across the Cook Inlet basin spanning a range of watershed characteristics. The most important predictors of maximum temperatures, expressed as mean July temperature, maximum weekly average temperature, and maximum weekly maximum temperature (MWMT), were mean elevation and wetland cover, while thermal sensitivity (slope of the stream–air temperature relationship) was best explained by mean elevation and area. Although maximum stream temperatures varied widely between years and across sites (8.4 to 23.7 °C), MWMT at most sites exceeded established criterion for spawning and incubation (13 °C), above which chronic and sublethal effects become likely, every year of the study, which suggests salmon are already experiencing thermal stress. Projections of MWMT over the next ∼50 years suggest these criteria will be exceeded at more sites and by increasing margins.

scholarly journals A hierarchical model of daily stream temperature for regional predictions

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel J Hocking ◽  
Kyle O'Neil ◽  
Benjamin H Letcher
Keyword(s):  
Water Temperature ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Hierarchical Model ◽  
Mean Squared Error ◽  
Thermal Sensitivity ◽  
Stream Temperature ◽  
Eastern United States ◽  
Validation Data ◽  
Temperature Records ◽  
Use Factors

Stream temperature is an important exogenous factor influencing populations of stream organisms such as fish, amphibians, and invertebrates. Many states regulate stream protections based on temperature. Therefore, stream temperature models are important, particularly for estimating thermal regimes in unsampled space and time. To help meet this need, we developed a hierarchical model of daily stream temperature and applied it across the eastern United States. Our model accommodates many of the key challenges associated with daily stream temperature models including the lagged response of water temperature to changes in air temperature, incomplete and widely-varying observed time series, spatial and temporal autocorrelation, and the inclusion of predictors other than air temperature. We used 248,517 daily stream temperature records from 1,352 streams to fit our model and 100,909 records were withheld for model validation. Our model had a root mean squared error of 0.61 C for the fitted data and 2.03 C for the validation data, indicating excellent fit and good predictive power for understanding regional temperature patterns. We then used our model to predict daily stream temperatures from 1980 - 2015 for all streams <200 km2 from Maine to Virginia. From these, we calculated derived stream metrics including mean July temperature, mean summer temperature, and the thermal sensitivity of each stream reach to changes in air temperature. Although generally water temperature follows similar latitudinal and altitudinal patterns as air temperature, there are considerable differences at the reach scale based on landscape and land-use factors.

Is summer sea surface temperature over the Arctic Ocean connected to winter air temperature over North America?

2016 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-27
Author(s):  
M Ogi ◽  
S Rysgaard ◽  
DG Barber ◽  
T Nakamura ◽  
B Taguchi
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Sea Surface Temperature ◽  
Arctic Ocean ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
The Arctic Ocean ◽  
Winter Air Temperature

On the dynamics of distribution of the American White Butterfly, Hyphantria cunea Drury, 1973 (Lepidoptera, Arctiidae), in Ukraine regarding the annual minimal air temperatures

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-57
Author(s):  
S. N. Shumov
Keyword(s):  
Air Temperature ◽  
Annual Reports ◽  
Complete Elimination ◽  
Hyphantria Cunea ◽  
White American ◽  
Gis Technologies ◽  
Data Analyses ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Negative Temperatures

The spatial analysis of distribution and quantity of Hyphantria cunea Drury, 1973 across Ukraine since 1952 till 2016 regarding the values of annual absolute temperatures of ground air is performed using the Gis-technologies. The long-term pest dissemination data (Annual reports…, 1951–1985; Surveys of the distribution of quarantine pests ..., 1986–2017) and meteorological information (Meteorological Yearbooks of air temperature the surface layer of the atmosphere in Ukraine for the period 1951-2016; Branch State of the Hydrometeorological Service at the Central Geophysical Observatory of the Ministry for Emergencies) were used in the present research. The values of boundary negative temperatures of winter diapause of Hyphantria cunea, that unable the development of species’ subsequent generation, are received. Data analyses suggests almost complete elimination of winter diapausing individuals of White American Butterfly (especially pupae) under the air temperature of −32°С. Because of arising questions on the time of action of absolute minimal air temperatures, it is necessary to ascertain the boundary negative temperatures of winter diapause for White American Butterfly. It is also necessary to perform the more detailed research of a corresponding biological material with application to the freezing technics, giving temperature up to −50°С, with the subsequent analysis of the received results by the punched-analysis.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document