Selection of Natural Extracts for their Antioxidant Capacity by Using a Combination of
            In Vitro
            Assays

Natural extracts obtained from fruit and vegetable processing are important sources of phenolic compounds and nitrates, with excellent antioxidant and antimicrobial properties. The aim of this study was to characterize and determine the antioxidant and antimicrobial capacity of several natural extracts (citric (Ct), acerola (Ac), rosemary (R), paprika, garlic, oregano, beet (B), lettuce (L), arugula (A), spinach (S), chard (Ch), celery (Ce), and watercress (W)), both in vitro and applied to a cured meat product (chorizo). For that, the volatile compounds by GC-MS and microbial growth were determined. The total phenolic and nitrate contents were measured and related with their antioxidant capacity (measured by DPPH, ABTS, FRAP, and ORAC methods) and antimicrobial capacity against Clostridium perfringens growth in vitro. In order to study the antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of the extracts in food, their properties were also measured in Spanish chorizo enriched with these natural extracts. R and Ct showed the highest antioxidant capacity, however, natural nitrate sources (B, L, A, S, Ch, Ce, and W) also presented excellent antimicrobial activity against C. perfringens. The incorporation of these extracts as preservatives in Spanish chorizo also presented excellent antioxidant and antimicrobial capacities and could be an excellent strategy in order to produce clean label dry-cured meat products.

Download Full-text

Engraftment after infusion of CD34+ marrow cells in patients with breast cancer or neuroblastoma

Blood ◽

10.1182/blood.v77.8.1717.1717 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 77 (8) ◽

pp. 1717-1722 ◽

Cited By ~ 340

Author(s):

RJ Berenson ◽

WI Bensinger ◽

RS Hill ◽

RG Andrews ◽

J Garcia-Lopez ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Stage Iv ◽

In Vitro Assays ◽

Hematopoietic Progenitors ◽

Cd34 Antigen ◽

Stage Iv Breast Cancer ◽

Cd34 Cells ◽

Selection Of ◽

Marrow Cells

Abstract The CD34 antigen is expressed by 1% to 4% of human and baboon marrow cells, including virtually all hematopoietic progenitors detectable by in vitro assays. Previous work from our laboratory has shown that CD34+ marrow cells can engraft lethally irradiated baboons. Because the CD34 antigen has not been detected on most solid tumors, positive selection of CD34+ cells may be used to provide marrow cells capable of engraftment, but depleted of tumor cells. In seven patients with stage IV breast cancer and two patients with stage IV neuroblastoma, 2.5 to 17.5 x 10(9) marrow cells were separated by immunoadsorption with the anti-CD34 antibody 12–8 and 50 to 260 x 10(6) positively selected cells were recovered that were 64 +/- 16% (range 35% to 92%) CD34+. The patients received 1.0 to 5.2 x 10(6) CD34-enriched cells/kg after marrow ablative therapy. Six patients engrafted, achieving granulocyte counts of greater than 500/mm3 at 34 +/- 10 (range 21 to 47) days and platelets counts of greater than 20,000/mm3 at 46 +/- 14 (range 28 to 66) days posttransplant. Five of these patients showed durable engraftment until the time of death 82 to 386 days posttransplant. One patient failed to sustain engraftment associated with metastatic marrow disease. Three patients died at days 14, 14, and 17 posttransplant, two of whom had evidence of early engraftment. These studies suggest that CD34+ marrow cells are capable of reconstituting hematopoiesis in humans.

Download Full-text

Antioxidant Capacity of Three Silene Extracts Obtained by Ultrasonication-Assisted Extraction (UAE)

Proceedings ◽

10.3390/proceedings2019040007 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 40 (1) ◽

pp. 7

Author(s):

Sengul Uysal

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Capacity ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Reducing Power ◽

In Vitro Assays ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Antioxidant Compounds ◽

High Antioxidant Activity ◽

Genus Silene ◽

Silene Species

Many plants with high antioxidant activity are great of significant in the pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries. Oxidative stress plays a major part in the development of many diseases including cancer, which is known imbalance free radicals and antioxidants. Herein, new natural antioxidant compounds have great interest in the scientific research. The genus Silene is a major group in the Caryophyllaceae family. In Turkey, Silene species have been used for several medicinal purposes such as skin softening, asthma, bronchitis. In our study, the antioxidant capacity of three Silene species (S. conoidea, S. dichotoma and S. italica) were evaluated by different in vitro assays, including free radical scavenging, reducing power, metal chelating, and phosphomolybdenum. In addition, total phenolic and flavonoid contents were analyzed spectrophotometrically. The water extracts contained higher total phenolic content than ethyl acetate extracts. All extracts showed antioxidant capacity. This data indicated that Silene species could potentially be used as antioxidant sources in pharmaceutical and cosmetic areas.

Download Full-text

Anthocyanins, Colour and Antioxidant Properties of Eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) and Violet Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) Peel Extracts

Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C ◽

10.1515/znc-2006-7-810 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 61 (7-8) ◽

pp. 527-535 ◽

Cited By ~ 76

Author(s):

Eva Sadilova ◽

Florian C. Stintzing ◽

Reinhold Carle

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Capacity ◽

Capsicum Annuum ◽

Nutritional Value ◽

Antioxidant Properties ◽

Solanum Melongena ◽

In Vitro Assays ◽

Capsicum Annuum L ◽

Food Colour ◽

Acetone Extracts

Acetone extracts from eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) and violet pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) peels both belonging to the Solanaceae plant family were characterized with respect to their anthocyanin profiles, colour qualities and antioxidant capacities. According to HPLC-DAD-MS3 analyses the major anthocyanin in eggplant was delphinidin-3-rutinoside, while the predominant pigment in violet pepper was assigned to delphinidin-3-transcoumaroylrutinoside- 5-glucoside. Since virtually all anthocyanins were delphinidin-based, the effect of acylation and glycosylation patterns on colour stability and antioxidant capacity could be assessed. Application of two in vitro-assays for antioxidant capacity assessment revealed that eggplant generally exhibited higher values compared to violet pepper which was ascribed to 3,5-diglycosylated structures predominating in the latter. The higher extent of acylation in violet pepper was reflected by a more purplish colour shade of the extracts, but did not translate into a higher stability against fading which again was attributed to additional glycosyl substitution at C5. These findings support the relevance of structurerelated activities of anthocyanins both for understanding food colour and their particular nutritional value.

Download Full-text

Multivariate analyses of a wide selection of orange varieties based on carotenoid contents, color and in vitro antioxidant capacity

Food Research International ◽

10.1016/j.foodres.2016.11.005 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 90 ◽

pp. 194-204 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Carla M. Stinco ◽

María Luisa Escudero-Gilete ◽

Francisco J. Heredia ◽

Isabel M. Vicario ◽

Antonio J. Meléndez-Martínez

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Capacity ◽

Multivariate Analyses ◽

Selection Of

Download Full-text

Stability of the Ellagitannin Fraction and Antioxidant Capacity of Varietal Pomegranate Juices

Natural Product Communications ◽

10.1177/1934578x1501000656 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 10 (6) ◽

pp. 1934578X1501000

Author(s):

Pedro Mena ◽

Cristina García-Viguera

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Capacity ◽

Ellagic Acid ◽

Phenolic Content ◽

Punica Granatum ◽

In Vitro Assays ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Promising Alternative ◽

The Stability ◽

Punica Granatum L

This work aimed to assess the effect of combining two pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) cultivars at different rates on the ellagitannin content, antioxidant capacity, and total phenolic content of varietal pomegranate juices. Widely distinct juices made from Mollar de Elche and Wonderful cultivars were used for the elaboration of blended juices. They were stored for 70 days at both room and refrigeration temperatures. This study revealed a significant cultivar effect on the stability of main pomegranate ellagitannins (punicalagins, punicalins, punicalagin-like compound, and ellagic acid derivatives) and on the antioxidant capacity measured by the ABTS+ and DPPH• in vitro assays. Blended juices enhanced and/or retained the initial ellagitannin content and antioxidant capacity of pure juices during storage. Thus, blending varietal juices could be suggested as a promising alternative to the development of fresh juices with a high, stable phytochemical load.

Download Full-text

Mangiferin Rich Products from Aphloia theiformis (Vahl) Benn Leaves: Extraction, Fractionation, Phytochemical Characterization, and Antioxidant Properties

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules25092081 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 25 (9) ◽

pp. 2081

Author(s):

Dovilė Grauzdytė ◽

Audrius Pukalskas ◽

Chaker El Kalamouni ◽

Petras Rimantas Venskutonis

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Capacity ◽

Antioxidant Properties ◽

Natural Antioxidants ◽

Liquid Extraction ◽

In Vitro Assays ◽

Synthetic Antioxidant ◽

Liquid Liquid Extraction ◽

Extraction Solvents ◽

First Time

Aphloia theiformis is traditionally used in Mauritius, Madagascar, and Reunion Island for treating several diseases. In this study, various extraction solvents and schemes were applied for the recovery of antioxidant rich fractions from the leaves of A. theiformis. The products were evaluated for their antioxidant capacity using well known in vitro assays. Major compounds were characterized by UPLC–QTOF–MS. Hydrophilic extracts of A. theiformis demonstrated strong antioxidant properties, which are comparable with the synthetic antioxidant Trolox. UPLC analysis confirmed mangiferin as the main secondary metabolite of A. theiformis. Tormentic and hydroxytormentic acids as well as their isomers were also abundant in A. theiformis extracts and fractions, while their amounts were determined for the first time. The most potential extract was further separated into the fractions by liquid-liquid extraction and by precipitation at low temperature. Antioxidant capacity and composition of secondary metabolites of derived fractions were determined. Some of the fractions possessed remarkable antioxidant capacity, comparable to pure mangiferin. The results obtained reveal high potential of A. theiformis for recovery of natural antioxidants and other bioactive phytochemicals, particularly mangiferin.

Download Full-text

Physicochemical Characterization and Biological Activities of Black and White Garlic: In Vivo and In Vitro Assays

Foods ◽

10.3390/foods8060220 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (6) ◽

pp. 220 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

María Ángeles Toledano Medina ◽

Tania Merinas-Amo ◽

Zahira Fernández-Bedmar ◽

Rafael Font ◽

Mercedes del Río-Celestino ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Capacity ◽

Genetic Model ◽

Biological Activities ◽

Leukemia Cell ◽

Physicochemical Characterization ◽

Biological Data ◽

In Vitro Assays ◽

Age Related

White and three types of black garlic (13, 32, and 45 days of aging, named 0C1, 1C2, and 2C1, respectively) were selected to study possible differences in their nutraceutic potential. For this purpose, garlic were physicochemically characterized (Brix, pH, aW, L, polyphenol, and antioxidant capacity), and both in vivo and in vitro assays were carried out. Black garlic samples showed higher polyphenol content and antioxidant capacity than the white ones. The biological assays showed that none of the samples (neither raw nor black garlic) produced toxic effects in the Drosophila melanogaster animal genetic model, nor exerted protective effects against H2O2, with the exception of the 0C1 black garlic. Moreover, only white garlic was genotoxic at the highest concentration. On the other hand, 0C1 black garlic was the most antigenotoxic substance. The in vivo longevity assays showed significant extension of lifespan at some concentrations of white and 0C1and 1C2 black garlic. The in vitro experiments showed that all of the garlic samples induced a decrease in leukemia cell growth. However, no type of garlic was able to induce proapoptotic internucleosomal DNA fragmentation. Taking into account the physicochemical and biological data, black garlic could be considered a potential functional food and used in the preventive treatment of age-related diseases. In addition, our findings could be relevant for black-garlic-processing agrifood companies, as the economical and timing costs can significantly be shortened from 45 to 13 days of aging.

Download Full-text

ENHANCEMENT OF POLLEN GERMINATION BY PROMOTIVE FACTORS IN INCOMPATIBLE POLLEN

Israel Journal of Plant Sciences ◽

10.1080/07929978.1999.10676769 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 47 (3) ◽

pp. 165-168

Author(s):

Dan Eisikowitch ◽

Hazel Y. Wetzstein

Keyword(s):

Pollen Grains ◽

Commercial Production ◽

In Vitro Assays ◽

Viable Seed ◽

Inhibitory Effects ◽

Incompatible Pollen ◽

Elemental Analyses ◽

Compatible Pollen ◽

Selection Of

Cultivated and wild almonds are self-incompatible and thus require outcrossing by insect pollinators to produce viable seed. In commercial production, considerable efforts are directed towards placement and selection of cultivars for cross-pollination. However, since honeybees do not distinguish between the different cultivars, stigmas are usually covered by a mixture of both compatible and incompatible pollen. Using in vitro assays, we demonstrated that pollen extracts promoted germination in self pollen with no inhibitory effects observed. Elemental analyses of pollen extracts showed that enhanced levels of Ca, Mg, K, Na, and P were eluted from the grains. From this, we raise the question of possible interaction between compatible and incompatible pollen, and speculate that incompatible pollen grains may support and enhance germination of adjacent compatible pollen.

Download Full-text

A Green Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction Optimization of the Natural Antioxidant and Anti-Aging Flavonolignans from Milk Thistle Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn. Fruits for Cosmetic Applications

Antioxidants ◽

10.3390/antiox8080304 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (8) ◽

pp. 304 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Samantha Drouet ◽

Emilie A. Leclerc ◽

Laurine Garros ◽

Duangjai Tungmunnithum ◽

Atul Kabra ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Capacity ◽

Dry Weight ◽

International Standards ◽

In Vitro Assays ◽

Milk Thistle ◽

Silybum Marianum ◽

Ultrasound Assisted Extraction ◽

Assisted Extraction ◽

Ultrasound Assisted

Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn. (aka milk thistle) constitutes the source of silymarin (SILM), a mixture of different flavonolignans and represents a unique model for their extraction. Here we report on the development and validation of an ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) method of S. marianum flavonolignans follow by their quantification using LC system. The optimal conditions of this UAE method were: aqueous EtOH 54.5% (v/v) as extraction solvent, with application of an ultrasound (US) frequency of 36.6 kHz during 60 min at 45 °C with a liquid to solid ratio of 25:1 mL/g dry weight (DW). Following its optimization using a full factorial design, the extraction method was validated according to international standards of the association of analytical communities (AOAC) to ensure precision and accuracy in the quantitation of each component of the SILM mixture. The efficiency of this UAE was compared with maceration protocol. Here, the optimized and validated conditions of the UAE allowed the highest extraction yields of SILM and its constituents in comparison to maceration. During UAE, the antioxidant capacity of the extracts was retained, as confirmed by the in vitro assays CUPRAC (cupric ion reducing antioxidant capacity) and inhibition of AGEs (advanced glycation end products). The skin anti-aging potential of the extract obtained by UAE was also confirmed by the strong in vitro cell-free inhibition capacity of both collagenase and elastase. To summarize, the UAE procedure presented here is a green and efficient method for the extraction and quantification of SILM and its constituents from the fruits of S. marianum, making it possible to generate extracts with attractive antioxidant and anti-aging activities for future cosmetic applications.

Download Full-text