Hemodynamic, endocrine, and gene expression mechanisms regulating equine ovarian follicular and cellular development

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aurea Wischral ◽  
Marilia Pastorello ◽  
Melba O. Gastal ◽  
Mohd A. Beg ◽  
Eduardo L. Gastal
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Cellular Development

scholarly journals CLONAGEM POR TRANSFERÊNCIA NUCLEAR EM BUBALINOS

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (Especial 2) ◽  
pp. 110-117
Author(s):  
Aline Sousa Camargos ◽  
Ariane Dantas
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Nuclear Transfer ◽  
Donor Cell ◽  
Somatic Nucleus ◽  
Number Of Species ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Cellular Development

The success of core transfer (CT) depends on the origin of the donor cell, on the stage of development of the recipient cytoplast and on the synchronization between the cell cycle of the donor and recipient cells. The somatic nucleus must be reprogrammed after CT, thus restoring the totipotent state, and then resuming cellular development. However, it is noted that the efficiency of CT is still low, especially with a deficiency of the overall gene expression of the cloned embryo. However, the number of species of cloned mammals has been increasing in the last years, being this technique an important tool that does not aid in the effectiveness of buffalo reproduction. Thus, this review focuses on the description of the main processes pertinent to this process, as well as to analyze as future implications, as well as some factors that affect the success of nuclear transfer.

scholarly journals Dual Role of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae TEA/ATTS Family Transcription Factor Tec1p in Regulation of Gene Expression and Cellular Development

2002 ◽  
Vol 1 (5) ◽  
pp. 673-686 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tim Köhler ◽  
Stefanie Wesche ◽  
Naimeh Taheri ◽  
Gerhard H. Braus ◽  
Hans-Ulrich Mösch
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Binding Site ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Mutational Analysis ◽  
Regulation Of Gene Expression ◽  
Control Mechanisms ◽  
Promoter Regions ◽  
Pseudohyphal Growth ◽  
Cellular Development

ABSTRACT In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the transcription factors Tec1p and Ste12p are required for haploid invasive and diploid pseudohyphal growth. Tec1p and Ste12p have been postulated to regulate these developmental processes primarily by cooperative binding to filamentous and invasion-responsive elements (FREs), which are combined enhancer elements that consist of a Tec1p-binding site (TCS) and an Ste12p-binding site (PRE). They are present in the promoter regions of target genes, e.g., FLO11. Here, we show that Tec1p efficiently activates target gene expression and cellular development in the absence of Ste12p. We further demonstrate that TCS elements alone are sufficient to mediate Tec1p-driven gene expression by a mechanism termed TCS control that is operative even when Ste12p is absent. Mutational analysis of TEC1 revealed that TCS control, FLO11 expression, and haploid invasive growth require the C terminus of Tec1p. In contrast, the Ste12p-dependent FRE control mechanism is sufficiently executed by the N-terminal portion of Tec1p, which contains the TEA/ATTS DNA-binding domain. Our study suggests that regulation of haploid invasive and diploid pseudohyphal growth by Ste12p and Tec1p is not only executed by combinatorial control but involves additional control mechanisms in which Ste12p activates TEC1 expression via clustered PREs and where Tec1p regulates expression of target genes, e.g., FLO11, by TCS control.

scholarly journals Alternative Splicing in Myeloid Malignancies

Biomedicines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 1844
Author(s):  
Carmelo Gurnari ◽  
Simona Pagliuca ◽  
Valeria Visconte
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Alternative Splicing ◽  
Rna Splicing ◽  
Direct Consequence ◽  
Splicing Factor ◽  
Myeloid Malignancies ◽  
Specific Effects ◽  
Physiologic Function ◽  
Cellular Development ◽  
Gene Expression Alterations

Alternative RNA splicing (AS) is an essential physiologic function that diversifies the human proteome. AS also has a crucial role during cellular development. In fact, perturbations in RNA-splicing have been implicated in the development of several cancers, including myeloid malignancies. Splicing dysfunction can be independent of genetic lesions or appear as a direct consequence of mutations in components of the RNA-splicing machinery, such as in the case of mutations occurring in splicing factor genes (i.e., SF3B1, SRSF2, U2AF1) and their regulators. In addition, cancer cells exhibit marked gene expression alterations, including different usage of AS isoforms, possibly causing tissue-specific effects and perturbations of downstream pathways. This review summarizes several modalities leading to splicing diversity in myeloid malignancies.

Maternal obesity affects gene expression and cellular development in fetal brains

2013 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 96-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ewa K Stachowiak ◽  
Saji Oommen ◽  
Vihas T Vasu ◽  
Malathi Srinivasan ◽  
Michal Stachowiak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Maternal Obesity ◽  
Cellular Development

Molecular and Microscopic Analysis of Altered Gene Expression in Transgenic and Gene Targeted Mice

1996 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 12-13
Author(s):  
W. K. Jones ◽  
J. Robbins
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Pulmonary Veins ◽  
Microscopic Analysis ◽  
Mouse Tissue ◽  
Adult Heart ◽  
Heavy Chains ◽  
Altered Gene Expression ◽  
Altered Gene ◽  
Pulmonary Myocardium

Two myosin heavy chains (MyHC) are expressed in the mammalian heart and are differentially regulated during development. In the mouse, the α-MyHC is expressed constitutively in the atrium. At birth, the β-MyHC is downregulated and replaced by the α-MyHC, which is the sole cardiac MyHC isoform in the adult heart. We have employed transgenic and gene-targeting methodologies to study the regulation of cardiac MyHC gene expression and the functional and developmental consequences of altered α-MyHC expression in the mouse.We previously characterized an α-MyHC promoter capable of driving tissue-specific and developmentally correct expression of a CAT (chloramphenicol acetyltransferase) marker in the mouse. Tissue surveys detected a small amount of CAT activity in the lung (Fig. 1a). The results of in situ hybridization analyses indicated that the pattern of CAT transcript in the adult heart (Fig. 1b, top panel) is the same as that of α-MyHC (Fig. 1b, lower panel). The α-MyHC gene is expressed in a layer of cardiac muscle (pulmonary myocardium) associated with the pulmonary veins (Fig. 1c). These studies extend our understanding of α-MyHC expression and delimit a third cardiac compartment.

Linking transcription, RNA polymerase II elongation and alternative splicing

2020 ◽  
Vol 477 (16) ◽  
pp. 3091-3104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luciana E. Giono ◽  
Alberto R. Kornblihtt
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Alternative Splicing ◽  
Rna Polymerase Ii ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Transcription Elongation ◽  
Single Gene ◽  
Regulation Of Gene Expression ◽  
Regulation Of Transcription ◽  
Stepping Stones ◽  
Eukaryotic Transcription

Gene expression is an intricately regulated process that is at the basis of cell differentiation, the maintenance of cell identity and the cellular responses to environmental changes. Alternative splicing, the process by which multiple functionally distinct transcripts are generated from a single gene, is one of the main mechanisms that contribute to expand the coding capacity of genomes and help explain the level of complexity achieved by higher organisms. Eukaryotic transcription is subject to multiple layers of regulation both intrinsic — such as promoter structure — and dynamic, allowing the cell to respond to internal and external signals. Similarly, alternative splicing choices are affected by all of these aspects, mainly through the regulation of transcription elongation, making it a regulatory knob on a par with the regulation of gene expression levels. This review aims to recapitulate some of the history and stepping-stones that led to the paradigms held today about transcription and splicing regulation, with major focus on transcription elongation and its effect on alternative splicing.

Role of small nuclear RNAs in eukaryotic gene expression

2013 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 79-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saba Valadkhan ◽  
Lalith S. Gunawardane
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Protein Interactions ◽  
Rna Stability ◽  
Splice Sites ◽  
Branch Site ◽  
Small Nuclear Rnas ◽  
Eukaryotic Gene Expression ◽  
Eukaryotic Gene ◽  
Rna Biogenesis

Eukaryotic cells contain small, highly abundant, nuclear-localized non-coding RNAs [snRNAs (small nuclear RNAs)] which play important roles in splicing of introns from primary genomic transcripts. Through a combination of RNA–RNA and RNA–protein interactions, two of the snRNPs, U1 and U2, recognize the splice sites and the branch site of introns. A complex remodelling of RNA–RNA and protein-based interactions follows, resulting in the assembly of catalytically competent spliceosomes, in which the snRNAs and their bound proteins play central roles. This process involves formation of extensive base-pairing interactions between U2 and U6, U6 and the 5′ splice site, and U5 and the exonic sequences immediately adjacent to the 5′ and 3′ splice sites. Thus RNA–RNA interactions involving U2, U5 and U6 help position the reacting groups of the first and second steps of splicing. In addition, U6 is also thought to participate in formation of the spliceosomal active site. Furthermore, emerging evidence suggests additional roles for snRNAs in regulation of various aspects of RNA biogenesis, from transcription to polyadenylation and RNA stability. These snRNP-mediated regulatory roles probably serve to ensure the co-ordination of the different processes involved in biogenesis of RNAs and point to the central importance of snRNAs in eukaryotic gene expression.

Nutrient-regulated gene expression in eukaryotes

2006 ◽  
Vol 73 ◽  
pp. 85-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard J. Reece ◽  
Laila Beynon ◽  
Stacey Holden ◽  
Amanda D. Hughes ◽  
Karine Rébora ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Rna Polymerase ◽  
Rna Polymerase Ii ◽  
Transcriptional Control ◽  
Direct Interaction ◽  
Signalling Pathways ◽  
A Cell ◽  
One Step ◽  
Higher Eukaryotes ◽  
Regulated Gene Expression

The recognition of changes in environmental conditions, and the ability to adapt to these changes, is essential for the viability of cells. There are numerous well characterized systems by which the presence or absence of an individual metabolite may be recognized by a cell. However, the recognition of a metabolite is just one step in a process that often results in changes in the expression of whole sets of genes required to respond to that metabolite. In higher eukaryotes, the signalling pathway between metabolite recognition and transcriptional control can be complex. Recent evidence from the relatively simple eukaryote yeast suggests that complex signalling pathways may be circumvented through the direct interaction between individual metabolites and regulators of RNA polymerase II-mediated transcription. Biochemical and structural analyses are beginning to unravel these elegant genetic control elements.

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