scholarly journals Personality, Resilience, and Psychopathology: A Model for the Interaction between Slow and Fast Network Processes in the Context of Mental Health

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 969-987
Author(s):  
Gabriela Lunansky ◽  
Claudia van Borkulo ◽  
Denny Borsboom
Keyword(s):  
Personality Factors ◽  
General Tendency ◽  
Interactive Simulation ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Personality Psychology ◽  
Personality Variables ◽  
Strong Relation ◽  
Fast Network ◽  
Affect States ◽  
The Relationship

Network theories have been put forward for psychopathology (in which mental disorders originate from causal relations between symptoms) and for personality (in which personality factors originate from coupled equilibria of cognitions, affect states, behaviours, and environments). Here, we connect these theoretical strands in an overarching personality–resilience–psychopathology model. In this model, factors in personality networks control the shape of the dynamical landscape in which symptom networks evolve; for example, the neuroticism item ‘I often feel blue’ measures a general tendency to experience negative affect, which is hypothesized to influence the threshold parameter of the symptom ‘depressed mood’ in the psychopathology network. Conversely, events at the level of the fast–evolving psychopathology network (e.g. a depressive episode) can influence the slow–evolving personality variables (e.g. by increasing feelings of worthlessness). We apply the theory to neuroticism and major depressive disorder. Through simulations, we show that the model can accommodate important phenomena, such as the strong relation between neuroticism and depression and individual differences in the change of neuroticism levels and development of depression over time. The results of the simulation are implemented in an online, interactive simulation tool. Implications for research into the relationship between personality and psychopathology are discussed. © 2020 The Authors. European Journal of Personality published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of European Association of Personality Psychology

scholarly journals Personality, resilience, and psychopathology: A model for the interaction between slow and fast network processes in the context of mental health

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriela Lunansky ◽  
Claudia D. van Borkulo ◽  
Denny Borsboom
Keyword(s):  
Personality Factors ◽  
General Tendency ◽  
Threshold Parameter ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Personality Variables ◽  
Strong Relation ◽  
Fast Network ◽  
Affect States ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Over Time

Network theories have been put forward for psychopathology (in which mental disorders originate from causal relations between symptoms) and for personality (in which personality factors originate from coupled equilibria of cognitions, affect states, behaviors, and environments). Here, we connect these theoretical strands in an overarching Personality-Resilience-Psychopathology (PRP) model. In this model, factors in personality networks control the shape of the dynamical landscape in which symptom networks evolve; for example, the neuroticism item “I often feel blue” measures a general tendency to experience negative affect, which is hypothesized to influence the threshold parameter of the symptom “Depressed Mood” in the psychopathology network. Conversely, events at the level of the fast-evolving psychopathology network (e.g., a depressive episode), can influence the slow-evolving personality variables (e.g., by increasing feelings of worthlessness). We apply the theory to neuroticism and Major Depressive Disorder (MDD). Through simulations, we show that the model can accommodate important phenomena, such as the strong relation between neuroticism and depression, and individual differences in the change of neuroticism levels and development of depression over time. The results of the simulation are implemented in an online, interactive tool. Implications for research into the relationship between personality and psychopathology are discussed.

scholarly journals Perceptions of Parental Bonding and Symptom Severity in Adults with Depression: Mediation by Personality Dimensions

2000 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 263-268 ◽  
Author(s):  
Murray W Enns ◽  
Brian J Cox ◽  
Derrick K Larsen
Keyword(s):  
Parental Bonding ◽  
Personality Factors ◽  
Mediating Effects ◽  
Personality Dimensions ◽  
Personality Variables ◽  
Socially Prescribed Perfectionism ◽  
Parental Rearing ◽  
Personality Vulnerabilities ◽  
Concern Over Mistakes ◽  
The Relationship

Objective: An association between anomalous parental bonding experiences (lack of parental care, overprotection, or both) and depression during adulthood has been observed in several studies. The objective of the present study was to evaluate several different personality dimensions as possible mediators of the relationship between perceptions of parental bonding and depressive symptoms in adulthood. Methods: Outpatients with depression (n = 138) completed the Parental Bonding Instrument (PBI), the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), and several measures of proposed personality vulnerabilities to depression. The conceptual and methodological criteria of Baron and Kenny (1986) were used to assess possible mediating effects of personality variables. Results: In men, overprotection by their fathers was significantly associated with depression; neuroticism, socially prescribed perfectionism, and concern over mistakes acted as mediators of this relationship. In women, lack of care by their mothers was significantly associated with depression; self-criticism, socially prescribed perfectionism, and concern over mistakes mediated this relationship. Conclusions: The present study provides evidence that personality factors may mediate the observed relationship between parental rearing style and depression. These potential causal mechanisms warrant longitudinal evaluation.

Sleep Patterns, Personality, and Subjective Anomalous Experiences

2009 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine Simmonds-Moore
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Quality ◽  
Path Analysis ◽  
Temporal Lobe ◽  
Personality Factors ◽  
Personality Variables ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Anomalous Experience ◽  
Sleep Length ◽  
Personal Philosophy ◽  
The Relationship

An opportunity sample comprising 281 participants completed a battery of questionnaires, which included questions on sleep, the Anomalous Experience Inventory [1], the STA scale (for measurement of positive schizotypy) [2], the Complex Partial Epileptic-like signs scale of the Personal Philosophy Inventory [3], Hartmann's Short Boundary Questionnaire (BQ) [4], and the revised Transliminality scale [5]. There was no difference between long and short sleepers on anomalous experiences. All personality variables correlated positively with anomalous experiences. A significant difference was found between short and average and average and long sleepers on positive schizotypy. No other personality variables related to sleep variables. A regression path analysis indicated that the strongest predictors of anomalous experiences were personality factors (in particular, Transliminality and Temporal lobe lability). Reduced sleep quality was also a direct predictor. Reduced sleep need was found to be an indirect predictor of anomalous experiences. Findings support the idea that anomalous experiences could be associated with reduced sleep quality, but not sleep length. The relationship between personality and anomalous experiences may be partially modulated by sleep variables. Further research is needed in this area.

Personality Dimensions and Depression: Review and Commentary

1997 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 274-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
Murray W Enns ◽  
Brian J Cox
Keyword(s):  
Lower Order ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Empirical Support ◽  
Depressive Illness ◽  
Personality Factors ◽  
Powerful Predictor ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Personality Dimensions ◽  
Clinically Depressed ◽  
The Relationship

Objectives The relationship between dimensionally assessed personality and the onset, features, and course of depressive illness will be critically examined and considered in relation to 4 hypothesized models: predisposition or vulnerability; pathoplasty; complication or scar; and spectrum or continuity. Method Studies that have used clinically depressed adult patients to explore the relationship between personality dimensions and depression will be reviewed. Results Higher-order personality factors that have shown a significant and consistent association with major depressive illness include neuroticism, extraversion (negative relationship), and the factors of Cloninger's Tridimensional Personality Model. Neuroticism appears to be the most powerful predictor of depression. Lower-order factors showing a significant and consistent relationship with depressive illness include dependency, self-criticism, obsessionality, and perfectionism. The links between depression and dependency and self-criticism have the strongest empirical support. Conclusions Several personality dimensions are significantly associated with depressive illness, but the evidence that unequivocally demonstrates a true personality predisposition for depression is modest. Measures of personality may prove to be clinically useful for treatment selection.

The Relationship Between Narcissism and Personality Traits of the Five-Factor-Model in Adolescents and Young Adults

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (6) ◽  
pp. 516-522 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc Allroggen ◽  
Peter Rehmann ◽  
Eva Schürch ◽  
Carolyn C. Morf ◽  
Michael Kölch
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Five Factor Model ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Adolescents And Young Adults ◽  
Personality Factors ◽  
Big Five Personality ◽  
Grandiose Narcissism ◽  
Vulnerable Narcissism ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract.Narcissism is seen as a multidimensional construct that consists of two manifestations: grandiose and vulnerable narcissism. In order to define these two manifestations, their relationship to personality factors has increasingly become of interest. However, so far no studies have considered the relationship between different phenotypes of narcissism and personality factors in adolescents. Method: In a cross-sectional study, we examine a group of adolescents (n = 98; average age 16.77 years; 23.5 % female) with regard to the relationship between Big Five personality factors and pathological narcissism using self-report instruments. This group is compared to a group of young adults (n = 38; average age 19.69 years; 25.6 % female). Results: Grandiose narcissism is primarily related to low Agreeableness and Extraversion, vulnerable narcissism to Neuroticism. We do not find differences between adolescents and young adults concerning the relationship between grandiose and vulnerable narcissism and personality traits. Discussion: Vulnerable and grandiose narcissism can be well differentiated in adolescents, and the pattern does not show substantial differences compared to young adults.

The Relationship Between Personality and Self-Report Abilities

2011 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie Aitken Schermer ◽  
Andrew M. Johnson ◽  
Philip A. Vernon ◽  
Kerry L. Jang
Keyword(s):  
Interpersonal Relationships ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Personality Factors ◽  
Personality Factor ◽  
Factor Scores ◽  
Environmental Correlations ◽  
Ability Factor ◽  
Genetic Level ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Common Environmental Factor

The relationship between self-report abilities and personality was examined at both the phenotypic (zero-order) level as well as at the genetic and environmental levels. Twins and siblings (N = 516) completed self-report ability and personality questionnaires. A factor analysis of the ability questions revealed 10 factors, including politics, interpersonal relationships, practical tasks, intellectual pursuits, academic skills, entrepreneur/business, domestic skills, vocal abilities, and creativity. Five personality factors were examined, including extraversion, conscientiousness, dependence, aggression, and openness. At the phenotypic level, the correlations between the ability factor scores and personality factor scores ranged from 0 to .60 (between political abilities and extraversion). The relationship between the two areas at the genetic level was found to range between –.01 and .60; the environmental correlations ranged from –.01 to .48. The results suggest that some of the self-report ability scores are related to self-report personality, and that some of these observed relationships may have a common genetic basis while others are from a common environmental factor.

scholarly journals Attitude toward Aging Mediates the Relationship between Personality and Mental Health in Older Adults

Healthcare ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 594
Author(s):  
Teshome Sirak Bedaso ◽  
Buxin Han
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Life Satisfaction ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Personality Factors ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Potential Mediator ◽  
The Relationship

This study aimed to examine attitude toward aging as a potential mediator of the relationship between personality factors and mental health in terms of depression and life satisfaction among older adults. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 438 Ethiopian elderly individuals aged 60 to 69. The results of the regression-based path analysis showed that after adjusting for demographic data, the relationship between agreeableness and depression in older adults was partially mediated by attitude toward aging. Likewise, attitude toward physical change due to aging and psychological growth subscales jointly mediated the correlation between neuroticism and depression. However, a significant direct path between neuroticism and depression persisted. On the contrary, openness had no significant direct association with depression apart from an indirect through psychosocial loss. The link between life satisfaction and agreeableness as well as openness to experience were partially mediated by psychosocial loss. Therefore, a person’s attitude toward aging and personality characteristics should be taken into consideration while designing interventions for managing mental health issues among older adults.

Emotional intelligence, Personality Variables and Career Adaptability: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
pp. 097226292198987
Author(s):  
Sakshi Vashisht ◽  
Poonam Kaushal ◽  
Ravi Vashisht
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Emotional Intelligence ◽  
Publication Bias ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Career Adaptability ◽  
Personality Variables ◽  
Regression Test ◽  
Size Measure ◽  
Fail Safe ◽  
The Relationship

This study conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to examine the relationship between emotional intelligence, personality variables (Big V personality traits, self-esteem, self-efficacy, optimism and proactive personality) and career adaptability of students. Data were coded on CMA software version 3.0. Product–moment correlation coefficient (r) was considered as the effect size measure for this study. Publication bias was assessed using Egger’s regression test along with Orwin’s fail-safe N, but no significant publication bias was detected. From the results of 54 studies, it was found that all variables of the study had meta-analytic correlation with career adaptability of students. For heterogeneity, subgroup analysis was conducted, and significant differences were found.

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