Personality and art preferences

1988 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrian Furnham ◽  
Melinda Bunyan
Keyword(s):  
Sensation Seeking ◽  
Abstract Art ◽  
Simple Complex ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Relationship

This study examined the relationship between sensation seeking and preference for paintings. Twenty paintings were classified into four categories: simple/complex and representational/abstract. It was hypothesized that total sensation seeking score and subscales scores would be positively correlated with preferences for simple and, especially complex, abstract art, and negatively correlated with simple, and, especially complex, representational art. Alpha coefficients demonstrated that satisfactory classification of the paintings into four groups. As hypothesized, high scores on total sensation seeking and subscales were positively correlated with abstract art preferences and negatively correlated with representational art preferences. The results are discussed in terms of the major determinants of preferences for art of different types.

Reconsidering the Relationship between Sensation Seeking and Audience Preferences for Viewing Televised Sports

2003 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen R. McDaniel
Keyword(s):  
Sensation Seeking ◽  
Face Validity ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Figure Skating ◽  
Violent Media ◽  
Negative Function ◽  
Limited Support ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
The Relationship

Some research suggests that males and females differ in terms of their enjoyment from viewing televised sports characterized as either violent combative (e.g., football and hockey), violent aggressive (e.g., basketball and soccer), or stylistic (e.g., figure skating and gymnastics) in nature. However, no theory-based explanation for the above differences has been supported. Zeckerman's (1994) theory of sensation seeking offers face validity in this context, as gender differences have been associated with the personality trait as has the consumption of violent media and contact sports (Krcmar & Green, 1999; Schroth, 1994). A snowball quota sample(n= 305) was employed to investigate adults' (18+) interest in viewing different types of sports telecasts (i.e., combative and stylistic). Four hypotheses were formulated based on the existing literature, with two of them being fully supported and a third receiving limited support. Among the key results, adult respondents' interests in viewing telecasts of combative or stylistic sports differed significantly by gender. In addition, reported interest in watching coverage of violent combative sports was positively related to sensation seeking for both sexes. Meanwhile, interest in viewing stylistic sports on television was a negative function of the trait for females. The theoretical and applied implications of the results are discussed, along with directions for future research in this area.

Cordon approach to rivers

2020 ◽  
pp. 198-241
Author(s):  
S. Nazrul Islam
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
The United States ◽  
River Channels ◽  
The World ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Levee System ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Different Parts

Chapter 9 presents the Cordon approach, describing its methods, reviewing its spread across the world, and analyzing its consequences. It discusses the general relationship between river channels and their floodplains and explains the nurturing functions that regular river inundations perform. The chapter then outlines the instruments of the Cordon approach, such as embankments, floodwalls, channelization, and canalization. It goes on to explain the relationship between the Cordon and the Polder approaches and offers a classification of cordons into different types. The chapter reviews the consequences of the Cordon approach, distinguishing between those for river channels and for floodplains. It provides an overview of the experience of the Cordon approach in different parts of the world, focusing on the United States, Europe, and India. It also presents two case studies of the Cordon approach: the Mississippi levee system in the United States and the Huang He River embankments in China.

TYPES OF LINGUISTIC AMBIGUITY

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (28) ◽  
pp. 62-71
Author(s):  
Lin Zhao ◽  
Xin Ding ◽  
Yuliia Stoianova
Keyword(s):  
Chinese Language ◽  
The State ◽  
Semantic Relations ◽  
Speech Communication ◽  
Chinese Characters ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Ancient Times ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Content Range

The phenomenon of ambiguity of the Chinese language is analyzed in the article. It has been proved that in the course of speech communication a word, a phrase, a sentence or even a segment sometimes contains two or more meanings which can be interpreted in two or more ways. The article deals with different types of ambiguity in the speech of the modern Chinese. The classification of ambiguity types has been studied. By studying the types of one can see the relationship between ambiguity and phonetics, content, grammar as well as pragmatism. The ambiguity caused by the pronunciation and the meaning of the word can be explained by the fact that in ancient times the Chinese used limited material to determine the broad content range in the writing of Chinese characters, which inevitably caused duplication and ambiguity of their meaning. The relationship between linguistic forms and the content alongside with the state of semantic relations in grammatical research have been analyzed in the article; some other linguistic issues that will contribute to the further study of theories and methods of grammatical research have been examined. Due to the constant changes happening within the Chinese language, there are many similar words as well as homophones (the same phonetic expression which expresses different meanings). The conditions causing ambiguity in communication: as soon as the text appears, the ambiguity disappears. Some examples that often confuse foreigners who study the Chinese language have been presented in the article; the designated examples revealing ambiguity have been analysed.

scholarly journals THE PRINCIPLES OF NECESSITY AND SUFFICIENCY TO SYSTEMATIZE SOFTWARE

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 (2) ◽  
pp. 18-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Вадим Аршинский ◽  
Vadim Arshinskiy ◽  
Леонид Аршинский ◽  
Leonid Arshinskiy ◽  
Сергей Бахвалов ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Software Tool ◽  
Application Software ◽  
System Software ◽  
Software Application ◽  
Hardware System ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The paper presents a possible approach to the systematization (including classification) of modern software. Most authors in the systematization implicitly proceed from the principle of sufficiency: the program is enrolled in a particular class based on what it can do, what tasks it is able to solve. This blurs the boundaries of the classes, since the same program object sometimes corresponds to different tasks. The paper proposes to proceed from the principle of necessity: the program belongs to the class, what tasks it needs to solve. Then the secondary capabilities of the software recede into the background and are not taken into account in the classification. The relationship of necessity between the software objects themselves is also taken into account. This allows you to organize software objects, stratifying them according to principles of the mutual need. Moreover, different types of necessity are introduced: existential, functional and target, with a hierarchy between them. The latter allows you to keep the hierarchy of necessity, when program objects are mutually necessary for each other, but in a various senses. As a result, a hierarchy is built inside the software similar to the known one: hardware, system software, application software, but with its own characteristics. In particular, the software tool designed for creating software objects, splits into two layers: the tools to create custom programs to compile and tools for creating interpreted programs type. Accordingly, the application software is stratified. In general, the principle of necessity should be considered as an approach to classification, allowing to make a certain order in the question of systematization of software and its division into classes.

scholarly journals THE THEORY OF KNOWLEDGE OF SEVERIN BOETHIUS: MAIN CONCEPTS AND MEANINGS IN THE CONTEXT OF MEDIEVAL THEOLOGY

2020 ◽  
pp. 109-118
Keyword(s):  
Simple Form ◽  
Medieval Theology ◽  
Theological Interpretation ◽  
Types Of Knowledge ◽  
Divine Knowledge ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Divine Mind ◽  
Human Use ◽  
The Relationship

The article considers the issues of some initial provisions of the theory of cognition as part of the theology of the famous medieval thinker Severin Boethius. The main concepts of cognition are considered: reason, intellect, intelligence, divine knowledge, universals, divine mind, simple form and others. The aim of the article is to systematically present the key problems that reveal the place of cognition as an activity that determines the meaning of human existence in the epistemological doctrine of S. Boethius. Arguments in favor of the relationship between the concept of “divine mind” by S. Boethius and the concept of νους (from the Greek “mind”) in Aristotle. The origin of the concept of “simple form” is revealed. Based on conceptual analysis, it has been shown that much of Severin Boethius’ epistemological ideas are borrowed from Aristotle. Research has been conducted on the relationship between the concepts of “simple form” and “divine knowledge” as different types of knowledge acquired through “divine intelligence”. The significance of the concepts of the highest level of cognition is demonstrated and the purpose of their introduction by S. Boethius in the work “Consolation from Philosophy” (in the context of his epistemology) is investigated. The reasons for the diversity of means of cognition and types of knowledge, as well as the reasons for their different perfection (according to the principle of hierarchical nesting) are identified. It has been determined that the metaphysical entities that participated in such a division are destiny, providence, and the divine mind. The human use different means of cognition in education and science has been studied and the distribution of means of cognition and types of knowledge in accordance with individual sciences according to the classification of S. Boethius has been established. The result of the study is a theological interpretation of the views of S. Boethius on the limits and possibilities of human knowledge and purpose of human as a being created by God.

Classification of malicious insiders and the association of the forms of attacks

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 233-247
Author(s):  
Fletcher Glancy ◽  
David P. Biros ◽  
Nan Liang ◽  
Andy Luse
Keyword(s):  
Data Availability ◽  
Personality Characteristics ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Malicious Attacks ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Malicious Insiders ◽  
Reported Data ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose The authors argue that the current studies about malicious insiders confuse the fact that malicious attacks belong to two different categories, namely, those that launch instrumental attacks and expressive attacks. The authors collect malicious insider data from publicly available sources and use text-mining techniques to analyze the association between malicious insiders’ characteristics and the different types of attack. Design/methodology/approach The authors investigated the relationship between personality characteristics and different types of malicious attacks. For the personality characteristics, the authors use the same method as Liang et al. (2016), which extracted these characteristics based on a keyword-characteristic dictionary. For different types of malicious attacks, two raters rated each case based on criteria modified from criminology research to determine the degree of expressiveness and instrumentality. Findings The results show that malicious insiders who are manipulative or seeking personal gain tend to carry out instrumental attacks. Malicious insiders who are arrogant tend to conduct expressive attacks. Research limitations/implications This study uses third party articles to identify the personality characteristics of known malicious insiders. As such, not all personality characteristics may have been reported. Data availability was an issue. Practical implications Understanding if different personality characteristics lead different types of attacks can help managers identify employees who exhibit them and mitigate an attack before it occurs. Social implications Malicious insider attacks can have devastating results on businesses and employees. Help to identify potential malicious insiders before they act, may prevent undue harm. Originality/value This study used 132 cases of none malicious insiders to examine their attack objectives. No other study that the authors know of used that many cases.

scholarly journals Auditory characteristics of individuals with temporomandibular dysfunctions and dentofacial deformities

2013 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 70-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatiane Totta ◽  
Giselda Santiago ◽  
Eduardo Sanches Gonçales ◽  
Sandra de Oliveira Saes ◽  
Giédre Berretin-Felix
Keyword(s):  
Pure Tone ◽  
Temporomandibular Disorder ◽  
Pure Tone Audiometry ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Dentofacial Deformities ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Research Population ◽  
Vestibular Symptoms ◽  
The Relationship

OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether there is any relationship between otological as well as vestibular symptoms, audiological findings and type of temporomandibular disorder (articular, muscular and mixed); and to check the distribution of the temporomandibular disorders (TMD) dysfunction degree in the research population. METHODS: A retrospective study involving 30 patients of both sexes, aged between 18 and 49 years old, diagnosed with TMD and dentofacial deformities, who were subject to clinical evaluation (muscle palpation, auscultation of temporomandibular joint during mandibular motion and measurement of jaw movement), audiological testing (pure tone audiometry and immittance testing) and two questionnaires, one on otological and vestibular symptoms and the other on TMD anamnesis. Based on both the anamnesis questionnaire and the clinical assessment, the subjects were divided according to the type and degree of TMD dysfunction (mild, moderate and severe), and compared regarding the occurrence of auditory signs and symptoms, vestibular symptoms and audiological findings according to TMD type. RESULTS: The anamnesis questionnaire demonstrated higher prevalence (83.33%) of severe TMD. Subjects with mixed TMD had more complaints about hypoacusis than those with muscular TMD (p < 0.05). The results showed no change in either audiological and immittance testing for all assessed individuals. CONCLUSION: Otological symptoms are present in subjects with TMD and dentofacial deformities, regardless of the classification of TMD (articular, muscular or mixed). Those with mixed TMD may have higher incidence of complaints about hypoacusis than subjects with muscular TMD. Further studies are needed to investigate the relationship between otological symptoms and the different types of TMD.

Dual stain kit for the microscopic gram classification of ocular infection bacteria

1993 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 248-249
Author(s):  
Jacob S. Hanker ◽  
Dale N. Holdren ◽  
Kenneth L. Cohen ◽  
Beverly L. Giammara
Keyword(s):  
Contact Lenses ◽  
Ocular Infection ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Gram Staining ◽  
Ocular Infections ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Culture Positive ◽  
Increased Susceptibility

Keratitis and conjunctivitis (infections of the cornea or conjunctiva) are ocular infections caused by various bacteria, fungi, viruses or parasites; bacteria, however, are usually prominent. Systemic conditions such as alcoholism, diabetes, debilitating disease, AIDS and immunosuppressive therapy can lead to increased susceptibility but trauma and contact lens use are very important factors. Gram-negative bacteria are most frequently cultured in these situations and Pseudomonas aeruginosa is most usually isolated from culture-positive ulcers of patients using contact lenses. Smears for staining can be obtained with a special swab or spatula and Gram staining frequently guides choice of a therapeutic rinse prior to the report of the culture results upon which specific antibiotic therapy is based. In some cases staining of the direct smear may be diagnostic in situations where the culture will not grow. In these cases different types of stains occasionally assist in guiding therapy.

Explanatory Power for Medical Expert Systems: Studies in the Representation of Causal Relationships for Clinical Consultations

1982 ◽  
Vol 21 (03) ◽  
pp. 127-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. W. Wallis ◽  
E. H. Shortliffe
Keyword(s):  
Explanatory Power ◽  
Prototype System ◽  
Inference Rules ◽  
Medical Expert ◽  
Comprehensive Knowledge ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Medical Expert Systems ◽  
Explanation System ◽  
Systems Studies

This paper reports on experiments designed to identify and implement mechanisms for enhancing the explanation capabilities of reasoning programs for medical consultation. The goals of an explanation system are discussed, as is the additional knowledge needed to meet these goals in a medical domain. We have focussed on the generation of explanations that are appropriate for different types of system users. This task requires a knowledge of what is complex and what is important; it is further strengthened by a classification of the associations or causal mechanisms inherent in the inference rules. A causal representation can also be used to aid in refining a comprehensive knowledge base so that the reasoning and explanations are more adequate. We describe a prototype system which reasons from causal inference rules and generates explanations that are appropriate for the user.

K-MEANS CLUSTERING ALGORITHM BASED CLASSIFICATION OF SOIL FERTILITY IN NORTH WEST NIGERIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 780-787
Author(s):  
Ibrahim Hassan Hayatu ◽  
Abdullahi Mohammed ◽  
Barroon Ahmad Isma’eel ◽  
Sahabi Yusuf Ali
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Crop Yield ◽  
Clustering Algorithm ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
North West ◽  
R Programming ◽  
Available Information ◽  
Northwest Region ◽  
The Relationship

Soil fertility determines a plant's development process that guarantees food sufficiency and the security of lives and properties through bumper harvests. The fertility of soil varies according to regions, thereby determining the type of crops to be planted. However, there is no repository or any source of information about the fertility of the soil in any region in Nigeria especially the Northwest of the country. The only available information is soil samples with their attributes which gives little or no information to the average farmer. This has affected crop yield in all the regions, more particularly the Northwest region, thus resulting in lower food production.  Therefore, this study is aimed at classifying soil data based on their fertility in the Northwest region of Nigeria using R programming. Data were obtained from the department of soil science from Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria. The data contain 400 soil samples containing 13 attributes. The relationship between soil attributes was observed based on the data. K-means clustering algorithm was employed in analyzing soil fertility clusters. Four clusters were identified with cluster 1 having the highest fertility, followed by 2 and the fertility decreases with an increasing number of clusters. The identification of the most fertile clusters will guide farmers on where best to concentrate on when planting their crops in order to improve productivity and crop yield.

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