Nanojet Trapping of a Single Sub‐10 nm Upconverting Nanoparticle in the Full Liquid Water Temperature Range

Small ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (7) ◽  
pp. 2006764
Author(s):  
Dasheng Lu ◽  
Marco Pedroni ◽  
Lucía Labrador‐Páez ◽  
Manuel I. Marqués ◽  
Daniel Jaque ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Temperature ◽  
Liquid Water ◽  
Temperature Range

scholarly journals A Three-Year Climatology of Cloud-Top Phase over the Southern Ocean and North Pacific

2011 ◽  
Vol 24 (9) ◽  
pp. 2405-2418 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony E. Morrison ◽  
Steven T. Siems ◽  
Michael J. Manton
Keyword(s):  
Southern Ocean ◽  
Liquid Water ◽  
North Pacific ◽  
North Pacific Ocean ◽  
Supercooled Liquid ◽  
Global Climate Models ◽  
Shortwave Radiation ◽  
Orthogonal Polarization ◽  
Temperature Range ◽  
Cloud Tops

Abstract Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Level 2 observations from the Terra satellite are used to create a 3-yr climatology of cloud-top phase over a section of the Southern Ocean (south of Australia) and the North Pacific Ocean. The intent is to highlight the extensive presence of supercooled liquid water over the Southern Ocean region, particularly during summer. The phase of such clouds directly affects the absorbed shortwave radiation, which has recently been found to be “poorly simulated in both state-of-the-art reanalysis and coupled global climate models” (Trenberth and Fasullo). The climatology finds that supercooled liquid water is present year-round in the low-altitude clouds across this section of the Southern Ocean. Further, the MODIS cloud phase algorithm identifies very few glaciated cloud tops at temperatures above −20°C, rather inferring a large portion of “uncertain” cloud tops. Between 50° and 60°S during the summer, the albedo effect is compounded by a seasonal reduction in high-level cirrus. This is in direct contrast to the Bering Sea and Gulf of Alaska. Here MODIS finds a higher likelihood of observing warm liquid water clouds during summer and a reduction in the relative frequency of cloud tops within the 0° to −20°C temperature range. As the MODIS cloud phase product has limited ability to confidently identify cloud-top phase between −5° and −25°C, future research should include observations from the Cloud-Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization (CALIOP) and other space-based sensors to help with the classification within this temperature range. Further, multiregion in situ verification of any remotely sensed observations is vital to further understanding the cloud phase processes.

scholarly journals Preliminary results of intraspecific sterlet hybrid (Siberian sterlet × sterlet) rearing under intensive conditions

2012 ◽  
pp. 17-19
Author(s):  
Tibor Feledi ◽  
Svetlana Lengyel ◽  
András Rónyai
Keyword(s):  
Water Temperature ◽  
Growth Potential ◽  
Optimal Range ◽  
Applied Water ◽  
Early Maturation ◽  
Preliminary Results ◽  
Temperature Range ◽  
Survival And Growth ◽  
Size Heterogeneity ◽  
Intraspecific Hybrid

Due to early maturation and a small size, sterlet (Acipenserrut-henus) is a very advantageous fish for intensive sturgeon farming with regard to caviar production. According to our previous observations, the growth potential of Siberian sterlet (A.ruthenusmarsiglii) is higher than that of the European one. In our experiment, sterlet and an intraspecific hybrid (Siberian sterlet × sterlet) were tested under intensive tank conditions. During the 8 weeks of the experiment, survival, growth and size heterogeneity were investigated. According to the results, there were no significant differences in survival and growth but the size heterogeneity was higher in the hybrid. It is supposed that, in our trial, the applied water  temperature range (24.0–25.5 °C) was optimal for sterlet, but was probably above the optimal range for the hybrid.

scholarly journals Morphology and ecology of Thalassiosira Cleve (Bacillariophyta) species rarely recorded in Brazilian coastal waters

2009 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 1059-1071 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Garcia ◽  
C. Odebrecht
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscope ◽  
Water Temperature ◽  
Wide Temperature Range ◽  
Coastal Waters ◽  
Light Microscope ◽  
Temperature Range ◽  
The World ◽  
First Time ◽  
Scanning Electron

The detailed description of rarely recorded Thalassiosira species in Brazil is presented with light microscope (LM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) illustrations. A total of 78 phytoplankton net samples (20 µm) collected between the years 2000 and 2006 in coastal waters of southern Brazilian, Cassino Beach and the estuary of Lagoa dos Patos, were studied in cleaned material using the Axiovert Zeiss LM and Jeol 6060 SEM. Water temperature and salinity of samples and six species are presented: Thalassiosira endoseriata, T. hendeyi, T. lundiana, T. minuscula, T. oceanica and T. wongii. Two species, Thalassiosira hendeyi and T. endoseriata were the most common being observed in all seasons at Cassino Beach in a wide temperature range (10-26 ºC), while only sporadically in the estuary of Lagoa dos Patos. Thalassiosira endoseriata, T. lundiana, T. oceanica and T. wongii are for the first time reported in Brazilian coastal waters. The latter two species, rarely recorded in the world, are fully illustrated based on Brazilian material.

scholarly journals The Interplay of Structure and Dynamics in the Raman Spectrum of Liquid Water over the Full Frequency and Temperature Range

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 851-857 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tobias Morawietz ◽  
Ondrej Marsalek ◽  
Shannon R. Pattenaude ◽  
Louis M. Streacker ◽  
Dor Ben-Amotz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Raman Spectrum ◽  
Liquid Water ◽  
Temperature Range ◽  
Structure And Dynamics

Influence of Temperature on Intratrack Processes and Ps Formation and Behaviour in Liquid Water

2008 ◽  
Vol 607 ◽  
pp. 213-217 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergey V. Stepanov ◽  
Gilles Duplâtre ◽  
Vsevolod Byakov ◽  
V.S. Subrahmanyam ◽  
Dmitry Zvezhinskiy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Positron Annihilation ◽  
Liquid Water ◽  
Radical Reactions ◽  
Influence Of Temperature ◽  
Positron Annihilation Lifetime ◽  
Temperature Range ◽  
Diffusion Controlled ◽  
Temperature Dependences ◽  
Influence Of Temperature On

Positron annihilation lifetime (PAL) spectra are measured in liquid water in the temperature range 2 – 930C. The spectra are treated by taking into account intratrack reactions and assuming that radical reactions with Ps are diffusion-controlled (the respective temperature dependences obeying the Stokes-Einstein law). Equilibrium Ps bubble parameters are obtained.

Prediction of the Temperature-Dependent Thermal Conductivity and Shear Viscosity for Rigid Water Models

2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yijin Mao ◽  
Yuwen Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Shear Viscosity ◽  
Liquid Water ◽  
Nonequilibrium Molecular Dynamics ◽  
Temperature Dependent ◽  
Temperature Range ◽  
Site Model ◽  
Water Models ◽  
Temperature Dependent Thermal Conductivity

The temperature-dependent thermal conductivity and shear viscosity of liquid water between 283 and 363 K are evaluated for eight rigid models with reverse nonequilibrium molecular dynamics (RNEMD). In comparison with experimental data, five-site models (TIP5P and TIP5P-Ew) have apparent advantages in estimating thermal conductivities than other rigid water models that overestimate the value by tens of percent. For shear viscosity, no single model can reproduce all experimental data; instead, five- and four-site models show their own strength in a certain temperature range. Meanwhile, all of the current rigid models obtain lower values than experimental data when temperature is lower than 298 K, while the TIP5P and TIP5P-Ew models can relatively accurately predict the values over others at a temperature range from 298 to 318 K. At a higher temperature range shear viscosity of liquid water can be reproduced with a four-site model (TIP4P-2005, TIP4P-Ew) fairly well.

scholarly journals Structure and Statistical Analysis of the Microphysical Properties of Generating Cells in the Comma Head Region of Continental Winter Cyclones

2014 ◽  
Vol 71 (11) ◽  
pp. 4181-4203 ◽  
Author(s):  
David M. Plummer ◽  
Greg M. McFarquhar ◽  
Robert M. Rauber ◽  
Brian F. Jewett ◽  
David C. Leon
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Water ◽  
Water Saturation ◽  
Supercooled Water ◽  
Particle Growth ◽  
Liquid Water Content ◽  
Head Region ◽  
Temperature Range ◽  
Microphysical Properties ◽  
The Impact ◽  
In Cells

Abstract This paper presents analyses of the microphysical structure of cloud-top convective generating cells at temperatures between −10° and −55°C across the comma head of 11 continental cyclones, using data collected by the W-band Wyoming Cloud Radar and in situ instrumentation aboard the National Science Foundation (NSF)/NCAR C-130. A case study of one cyclone is presented, followed by statistical analyses of the entire dataset. Ice particle number concentrations averaged 1.9 times larger inside generating cells compared to outside, and derived ice water contents and median mass diameters averaged 2.2 and 1.1 times larger in cells, respectively. Supercooled water was directly measured at temperatures between −31.4° and −11.1°C, with the median and 95th-percentile liquid water content increasing from ~0.09 to 0.12 g m−3 and 0.14 to 0.28 g m−3 over this temperature range, respectively. Liquid water was present in 26% of observations within cells and 18% of observations between cells over the same temperature range, and it was nearly ubiquitous at temperatures above −16°C. The larger ice particle concentrations in cells are consistent with greater ice production in convective updrafts. The increased mass and diameter of the ice particles demonstrate that generating cells provide environments favorable for enhanced particle growth. The impact of water saturation and supercooled water in the cells was evident, with rapid particle growth by diffusion and sometimes riming apparent, in addition to aggregation. Turbulent mixing lessened the observed differences between cells and surrounding regions, with supercooled water observed within and between cells, similar habits within and between cells, and rimed particles evident even in ice-phase conditions.

Corrigenda

1966 ◽  
Vol 261 (1117) ◽  
pp. 97-97
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Water ◽  
Pvt Properties ◽  
Temperature Range

G. S. Kell and E. Whalley, Phil. Trans.A 258, 565 (1965). ‘The PVT properties of water. I. Liquid water in the temperature range 0 to 150 °G and at pressures to 1 kb.’

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