Effect of defoliation and intercropping with forage legumes on maize yield and forage production

2003 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 204-207
Author(s):  
Tessema Zewdu
Keyword(s):  
Maize Yield ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Forage Legumes

scholarly journals Forage production and quality of tropical forage legumes submitted to shading

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fábio Nunes Lista ◽  
Bruno Borges Deminicis ◽  
João Carlos de Carvalho Almeida ◽  
Saulo Alberto do Carmo Araujo ◽  
Pablo Giliard Zanella
Keyword(s):  
Water Shortage ◽  
Silvopastoral Systems ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Forage Legumes ◽  
Small Reduction ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Arachis Pintoi ◽  
Tropical Forage ◽  
Shade Tolerant Species ◽  
Biological Nitrogen

ABSTRACT: Find shade-tolerant species is essential to the success of silvopastoral systems, increasingly frequent in recent years. In legumes, which have potential of biological nitrogen fixation, there is a great lack of knowledge when in shaded environments.The cultivation of four tropical forage (Neonotonia wightii, Pueraria phaseoloides, Macrotyloma axilare and Arachis pintoi) was evaluated when submitted to artificial shade levels (30, 50 and 70% shade) and in full sun during water and drought seasons. The design used was in randomized complete blocks in a sub-divided plot scheme with four replications. In the Water-season the Forage Peanuts had higher forage production in full sun (11 ton ha-1 DM), and under shade did not differ from Perennial Soybean, higher than the others in all levels of shade. In Drought-season the forage production was 61% lower than in Water-season. The highest crude protein levels were reported in Forage Peanuts, Tropical Kudzu and Perennial Soybean, 19.0; 18.3 and 18.2% respectively in the Water-season. Forage Peanuts is a good option for use in silvopastoral systems although there is a small reduction in forage production (average of 23.7%). In general, species of fabaceae showed a greater reduction in forage production in the period of water deficit; however, shading at levels of 30% to 50% contribute to mitigation of water shortage. Although, there is a small reduction in forage production, withexception of perennial soybeans in dry season, it is advisable to use tropical forage legumes in silvopastoral systems, since forage quality is not affected by shade.

Achieving persistence and productivity in white clover

2011 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 173-180
Author(s):  
K.H. Widdup ◽  
B.A. Barrett
Keyword(s):  
White Clover ◽  
Trifolium Repens ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Dairy Sheep ◽  
Forage Legumes ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
New Germplasm ◽  
On Farm

White clover (Trifolium repens) is a valuable forage and soil fertility resource whose persistence and contribution to production and profitability can be constrained by genetic, farm management, and environmental factors. Here we outline the growth stages of the plant, and factors affecting persistence at the plant and the population level in pasture. Breeding strategies that bring together new germplasm sources within white clover have improved persistence on farm. New experimental lines, including some accessing genetics from related Trifolium species, show advances in forage productivity and persistence in multi-site, mixed sward, trial systems under dairy, sheep and cattle grazing. New germplasm sources and the use of new tools for characterising and selecting superior plant material will enable increased genetic gain for traits including persistence and forage production in white clover and related forage legumes. Keywords: Lolium perenne, pasture, persistence, stolon density, Trifolium repens, white clover

Performance of temperate and subtropical forage legumes when over-seeding native pastures in the basaltic region of Uruguay

2005 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 279 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Real ◽  
C. A. Labandera ◽  
J. G. Howieson
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Soil Microbiology ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Forage Legumes ◽  
Plant Breeding Program ◽  
Selection Parameter ◽  
Native Pastures ◽  
Biological Nitrogen

In 1997, an integrated plant breeding program was initiated at the National Agricultural Research Institute (INIA) Uruguay, to develop forage legumes and root nodule bacteria which were able to be productive in co-existence with the native (grass-dominant) vegetation when grazed by cattle and sheep. The program was conducted in parallel with rhizobial strain selection by the Rhizobium–Biological Nitrogen Fixation Unit of the Soil Microbiology Department of the Ministry of Livestock, Agriculture and Fisheries of Uruguay and the Centre for Rhizobium Studies (CRS), Murdoch University, Western Australia. Between 1998 and 2000, 326 temperate and subtropical forage legume species originating from 38 ex-situ seed collections were evaluated in 3 plantings on: red lithosol, black lithosol and vertisol soils at Glencoe Research Station in Uruguay. Row–column field designs were used. Forage production at the end of the second year of evaluation was used as the key selection parameter for the introduced legumes because their success required persistence in the pasture either vegetatively or by natural reseeding. This study identified a set of promising legumes and strains of Rhizobium that are now available for further study and breeding in Uruguay as well as other countries with a similar climate. The methodology developed in this study may be applicable to forage selection programs in which competition between annual and perennial species is expected to influence outcomes.

scholarly journals SILAGE YIELD AND PROTEIN CONTENT OF FORAGELEGUMES INTERCROPPING WITH CEREALS

AGROFOR ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
George PAPANAOUM ◽  
Elissavet BOULOUMPASI ◽  
Theano B. LAZARIDOU
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Total Protein Content ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Forage Legumes ◽  
Common Vetch ◽  
Fresh Matter ◽  
Total N ◽  
Winter Cereals

Intercropping of most annual legumes with winter cereals is a very common practice for forage production in many countries. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of intercropping cereals with forage legumes on silage yield and protein content. The completely randomized design was applied with three replications and the experiment was established in the farm of the Western Macedonia University in Florina. Particularly, common vetch, forage pea and faba beans were used as forage legumes, and barley, bread wheat and triticale were used as cereals, which were grown individually as well as intercropped with each other in mixed rows in a sowing ratio 65:35. The plots consisted of seven rows five meters long of which the five inner were harvested. A total of 45 experimental plots was installed. The field was fertilized only with base fertilization. All the cultural practices used by farmers were applied. The plants were harvested when the legumes were at the end of the flowering period and were dried naturally for the formation of hay. The plants were separated by hand to determine the weight of fresh matter for each species. Samples of 100 g of hay from each experimental plot were used to calculate the dry matter and to determine the total N using the Kjeldahl method and subsequently the total protein content. In most cases differences were found between the treatments concerning the dry matter and the protein content giving a better proportion in the mixtures.

scholarly journals USE OF RHIZOBIUMBACTERIA TO INCREASE THE PRODUCTION OF FIVE TROPICAL LEGUMES WITH FORAGE POTENTIAL

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 617-624
Author(s):  
Sosa-Rubio Edgar Enrique ◽  
◽  
Herrera-Cool Gilbert Jose ◽  
Zavaleta-Cordova Maria Del Carmen ◽  
Montoya-Reyes Francisco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Aerial Part ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Forage Legumes ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Rhizobium Strains ◽  
Tropical Legumes ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

The objective of the work was to evaluate the effect of the application of Rhizobium bacteria in the biomass production of forage legumes. Rhizobiumstrains were isolated and selected from the rhizosphere of five forage species. Characterization and subsequent cultivation were carried out to inoculate plants in a greenhouse. Subsequently, the biofertilizer was prepared to apply it to five forage legumes: C. ternatea, L. leucocephala, C. macrocarpum, M. pruriens and C. cajan. Plants were germinated in petri dishes and on substrate, after 10 days of germination, they were transplanted into Leonards Jugs and watered with distilled water. The plants were placed in a completely randomized design with three replicates. The evaluations were carried out every week measuring plant heightand at the end of the experiment root weigh, dry matter of aerial part and radicular volume. The best values obtained were in M. pruriens which showed from 49 to 50 cm of plant height. For cross inoculation in weight variable was observed that the strains from C. ternatea and L. leucocephala showed the best results with 0.22 and 0.25 g/plant respectively. Although the best data of dry matter of aerial part was observed in L. leucocephalawith 0.40 g, better response of Radicular volume and plant height was observed in strains that came from C. ternatea with 2 mL and 7 cm respectively. In this study it can be conclude that the use of biofertilizers can be an alternative for low-cost forage production, as long as it contains Rhizobium strains capable of associating with legumes and fixing atmospheric nitrogen.

FORAGE LEGUME YIELDS AND NEMATODE POPULATION BEHAVIOR IN MICROPLOTS INFESTED WITH Paratylenchus projectus

1982 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. L. TOWNSHEND ◽  
J. W. POTTER
Keyword(s):  
White Clover ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Nematode Population ◽  
Birdsfoot Trefoil ◽  
Forage Legume ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Forage Legumes

Yield reductions were minimal in forage legumes grown in field microplots infested with the pin nematode Paratylenchus projectus. Decreased forage production of birdsfoot trefoil and red clover resulted from reduced second and third cuts. During 2.5 yr, nematode numbers decreased under alfalfa, but increased under white clover. Under red clover and birdsfoot trefoil, nematode numbers increased in the first season and either remained static or declined thereafter. Unlike other nematodes in northern climates, populations of the pin nematode did not decrease appreciably over winter under favorable hosts.

scholarly journals Review on the Effect of Irrigation Interval on Different Crop Production

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Dessie Gieta Amare ◽  
Zigijit Kassa Abebe
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Potential Evapotranspiration ◽  
Maize Yield ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Irrigation Frequency ◽  
Irrigation Level ◽  
Irrigation Interval ◽  
Crop Growth Stage

In this review, the effect of irrigation intervals on growth and yield of onion, maize yield, growth characteristics for Chile pepper, vegetative growth and yield, growth analysis of soybean, forage production, growth and development of tomato, the effect of irrigation level and irrigation frequency on the growth of mini Chinese cabbage and Influence of irrigation interval, nitrogen level and crop geometry on production lettuce have been reviewed. The best performance irrigation interval for onion, maize, pepper, okra, soybean, forage, tomato, cabbage and lettuce are 5, 6, 1, 12, 8, 20, 1, 4 and 2 day respectively. Crop type, crop growth stage soil type, climate condition (temperature, rainfall, humidity, sunshine hour and wend speed) duration of the environment should be properly addressed and potential evapotranspiration and reference evapotranspiration should be estimated for determining of irrigating interval. In these cases, some of the studies are properly addressed these important parameters but some of the study not indicates. On the other hand chemical composition of water and soil, fertilizer application, method of research design and plant geometry are should be identified to eradicate the misjudgment of your best productivity of irrigation interval.

scholarly journals Effect of different pasture legumes on growth profile and forage production of the selected native pasture grasses mix at different growth stages

2021 ◽  
Vol 888 (1) ◽  
pp. 012061
Author(s):  
I G N Jelantik ◽  
I Benu ◽  
T T Nikolaus ◽  
G E M Malelak ◽  
A Firmanto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vegetative Stage ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Forage Legumes ◽  
Pasture Grass ◽  
Growth Profile ◽  
Pasture Legumes ◽  
Native Pasture ◽  
Generative Stage

Abstract The present experiment aimed to investigate the effect of introducing different pasture legumes on the growth profile and forage production of the selected native pasture grass species at different stages of growth. In a completely randomized design with 5 treatments and 5 replications, the mixture of Sorghum plumosum (SP) and Bothriochloa pertusa (BP) was introduced respectively with one of the forage legumes ie. Alysicarpus vaginalis (AV), Pueraria phasoloides (PP), Desmodium incanum (DI), and Clitoria ternatea (CT). Growth profile and forage production were measured at 40, 60, and 80 days after planting. Results showed that CT and PP significantly improved the growth and DM production of SP and suppressed (P<0.05) the growth of BP during the early vegetative stage but did not during the late vegetative stage. Introduction of legumes reduced (P<0.05) DM production of SP and the total forage production but improved (P<0.001) the DM production of B. pertusa as well as a leaf:stem ratio of both types of grass at the generative stage. PP had the highest (P<0.05) contribution of legumes to the total DM forage production during early and vegetative stages, meanwhile AV and DI during the generative stage. In conclusion, the introduction of forage legumes did not improve the DM production of both grass species but modify their growth profile toward a better quality as shown by increased leaf:stem ratio. P. phasoloides provide the highest foliage during the vegetative stage and A. vaginalis and D. incanum during the generative stage.

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