scholarly journals Bioassays to Evaluate the Resistance of Whole Plants to the Herbivorous Insect Thrips

2019 ◽  
pp. 93-108
Author(s):  
Merel Steenbergen ◽  
Colette Broekgaarden ◽  
Corné M. J. Pieterse ◽  
Saskia C. M. Van Wees
Keyword(s):  
Herbivorous Insect ◽  
Whole Plants

Freeze-Fracture Studies of Membranes in Developing Sieve Elements in a Plant Tissue Culture

1980 ◽  
Vol 38 ◽  
pp. 636-637
Author(s):  
R. D. Sjolund ◽  
C. Y. Shih
Keyword(s):  
Plant Tissue ◽  
Cultured Cells ◽  
Freeze Fracture ◽  
Tissue Cultures ◽  
Sieve Elements ◽  
Intact Plants ◽  
Plant Tissue Cultures ◽  
Whole Plants ◽  
Energy Dependent ◽  
Similar Elements

The differentiation of phloem in plant tissue cultures offers a unique opportunity to study the development and structure of sieve elements in a manner that avoids the injury responses associated with the processing of similar elements in intact plants. Short segments of sieve elements formed in tissue cultures can be fixed intact while the longer strands occuring in whole plants must be cut into shorter lengths before processing. While iyuch controversy surrounds the question of phloem function in tissue cultures , sieve elements formed in these cultured cells are structurally similar to those of Intact plants. We are particullarly Interested In the structure of the plasma membrane and the peripheral ER in these cells because of their possible role in the energy-dependent active transport of sucrose into the sieve elements.

FACTORS AFFECTING THE REGENERATION OF PEPPER (CAPSICUM ANNUUM L.)

HortScience ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (9) ◽  
pp. 1120G-1120
Author(s):  
J. L. Jacobs ◽  
C. T. Stephens
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Silver Nitrate ◽  
Callus Formation ◽  
Leaf Explants ◽  
Regeneration System ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Nitrate Concentrations ◽  
Leaf Differentiation ◽  
Whole Plants

Several growth hormone combinations and silver nitrate concentrations were examined for their effect on regeneration of different pepper genotypes. Primary leaf explants from in vitro seedlings were cultured on a revised Murashige and Skoog medium supplemented with auxin, cytokinin and 1.6% glucose. Combinations of different concentrations of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), 0-5 mg/l, and 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP), 0-5 mg/l, were tested to determine the most effective medium for shoot primordium formation. Experiments with IAA and BAP did not result in a specific growth hormone combination appropriate for regeneration of all genotypes tested. Of the silver nitrate concentrations tested, 10 mg/l resulted in the best shoot and leaf differentiation and reduced callus formation. Differences in organogenic response of individual genotypes were evaluated on a single regeneration medium. Whole plants were regenerated from 11 of 63 genotypes examined. Based on these experiments, a reproducible regeneration system for pepper was developed with a total of 500 plants regenerated to date.

Ethephon for American Ginseng (Panax quiquefolium L.) Inflorescence Removal

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 481b-481
Author(s):  
A.E. Fiebig ◽  
J.T.A. Proctor ◽  
D. Murr ◽  
R. Releeder
Keyword(s):  
Additive Concentration ◽  
Root Mass ◽  
Panax Quinquefolium ◽  
Fruit Removal ◽  
Plant Damage ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Production Practice ◽  
Whole Plants ◽  
Mass Increase ◽  
Standard Production

Varying concentrations (500-4000 mg·L–1) of ethephon, an ethylene-releasing compound, were applied to 3-year-old ginseng (Panax quinquefolium L.) plants in fields of southern Ontario. The effects of this chemical on fruit removal, plant damage, infructescence morphology, and root mass were studied and compared to the normal practice of manual inflorescence removal. The highest concentrations had the highest rates of removal but also caused the greatest amount of damage to the whole plants when compared to the mid-range concentrations. The lowest concentrations showed less foliar damage but did not provide sufficient fruit removal to mimic hand removal. When individual inflorescences of the ethephon treatments were studied, the seed heads had fewer ripe berries and more unpollinated florets than the untreated controls. When root masses were compared, high and low concentrations showed lower masses than those of the standard production practice of hand removal. However, mid range concentrations showed similar root mass increase to manual removal. When all parameters were considered, the concentration range giving the best results was 1000-1500 mg·L–1. Multiple applications of ethephon, at weekly intervals, had an additive effect on flower removal and plant damage. Treatments having an additive concentration of over 2000 mg·L–1 had detrimental effects on all parameters. Those within the 1000–1500 mg·L–1 range showed the highest similarity to the hand removal benefits.

Study of Vidanga on Krimi Roga w.s.r. to Round Worms

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (04) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abhilasha . ◽  
Vijay Shankar Dubey
Keyword(s):  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Intestinal Wall ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Embelia Ribes ◽  
Worm Infestation ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
The Face ◽  
Whole Plants ◽  
Recurrent Nature ◽  
Weak Resistance

Krimi have been considered a major public health problem through out the world (WHO, 1967 Wandan, 1983 McLaren, 1984). In our country this problem is equally significant. It effects the children more frequently than adult (CCRAS 1987). Krimi hamper growth and development of a person, create malnutritional condition and decrease immunity thus the effective solution of this problem is necessary. Of all the herbs used in treating worm infestation, Vidanga is the best. So, Vidanga was selected for the present study. Whole plant of Embelia ribes Linn. were used as materials, as whole plants are used as medicine. Acharya Charaka describe Krimiroga in Vimanasthana. In most of patients, who are suffering from worm infestation have an Vivarnata (discolouration) on the face. “Vivarnata” had been described by Acharya Charaka under the Lakshana of Purishaja Krimi and it has been also described in Rasavaha Srotodusti Lakshana. Krimis robe the digestive nutritive assets through the intestinal wall, which we are making with high effort. So the deficiency of Rasa Dhatu create. According to Dhatu Poshana Nyaya if the Rasa Dhatu is not sufficient then other Dhatu can’t form properly and ultimate weak resistance and poor immunity develops and it is one cause of recurrent nature of disease. Prakriti Vighata and Nidana Parivarjana eradicate Krimiroga from the base.

Comparative Investigation on Formation and Accumulation of Rare Phenylpropanoids in Plants and in vitro Cultures of Pimpinella major

1990 ◽  
Vol 45 (6) ◽  
pp. 602-606 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Merkel ◽  
J. Reichling
Keyword(s):  
Callus Culture ◽  
Nutrient Medium ◽  
Callus Cultures ◽  
Comparative Investigation ◽  
In Vitro Cultures ◽  
Liquid Nutrient Medium ◽  
Whole Plants ◽  
Plant Seedlings

Abstract Unorganized callus and leaf/root-differentiating callus cultures of Pimpinella major have been established in liquid nutrient medium. Their capacity to accumulate rare phenylpropanoids such as epoxy-pseudoisoeugenol tiglate, epoxy-anol tiglate and anol tiglate was compared with that of seedlings and whole plants. The unorganized callus cultures were not able to accumulate any phenylpropanoids. In comparison, the leaf/root-differentiating callus culture promoted the accumulation of epoxy-pseudoisoeugenol tiglate (up to 90 mg/100 g fr.wt.) but not that of anol-derivatives. The accumulated amount of EPT in PMD-SH was comparable with that in plant seedlings.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Physiological and Quality Parameters of Green Asparagus Spears Subjected to Three Treatments against the Decline Syndrome

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 937
Author(s):  
Francisco Javier López-Moreno ◽  
Santiago Atero-Calvo ◽  
Eloy Navarro-León ◽  
Begoña Blasco ◽  
Teresa Soriano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Death ◽  
Amino Acid Profile ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Asparagus Officinalis ◽  
Chicken Manure ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Whole Plants ◽  
High Level ◽  
Green Asparagus

Green asparagus (Asparagus officinalis L.) is a widely grown and consumed crop which provides high-level nutritional interest. In recent years, the decline syndrome in asparagus plantations has been rapidly augmenting. This syndrome causes the early death of whole plants, also negatively affecting the new replanting. Decline causes notable economic losses in the sector. The objective of this work was to verify the effect of different treatments against asparagus decline syndrome on the physiological parameters and nutritional quality of the spears. To meet the objective, four different treatments were applied to asparagus plots strongly affected by decline syndrome: (T1) untreated control soil, (T2) biofumigation with Brassica pellets, (T3) biofumigation with chicken manure pellets, and (T4) disinfestation of the soil with Dazomet. The cumulative yield and physiological and quality parameters of green asparagus spears were studied. Thus, malondialdehyde (MDA), photosynthetic pigments, glutathione (GSH), ascorbate (AsA), total phenols, flavonoids, anthocyanin, antioxidant test, mineral nutrients, and the amino acid profile were measured on asparagus spears. The results showed that the Brassica pellets and Dazomet treatments were the most effective against the damage caused by the decline syndrome. However, it would be necessary to monitor the evolution in the following years.

Techniques for Greenhouse Evaluation of Herbicides on Saltcedar

Weed Science ◽  
1977 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.C. Quimby ◽  
E.B. Hollingsworth ◽  
R.L. McDonald
Keyword(s):  
Root Zone ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Field Methods ◽  
Limited Efficacy ◽  
Greenhouse Evaluation ◽  
Soil Layering ◽  
Application Techniques ◽  
Whole Plants ◽  
Over The Top ◽  
Pot Plant

Subirrigated pot-plant systems were developed for greenhouse simulations of field methods being tested for herbicidal control of saltcedar (Tamarix pentandraPall.). The methods included: over-the-top spraying; soil injection; soil layering, with whole plants transplanted onto the herbicide layer; and soil layering by severing the roots and concomitantly injecting herbicide. Existing foliar application techniques were improved for greenhouse testing of herbicides and results from preliminary tests were apparently similar to literature reports of limited efficacy in the field. Preliminary results from these greenhouse techniques showed that root zone applications, either by soil layering or soil injection, were very effective; stem or foliar applications were less effective.

scholarly journals Efficient Protocol for Improving the Development of Cryopreserved Embryonic Axes of Chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.) by Encapsulation–Vitrification

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 231
Author(s):  
Mariam Gaidamashvili ◽  
Eka Khurtsidze ◽  
Tamari Kutchava ◽  
Maurizio Lambardi ◽  
Carla Benelli
Keyword(s):  
Activated Charcoal ◽  
Castanea Sativa ◽  
Alginate Beads ◽  
Embryonic Axes ◽  
Root Regrowth ◽  
Castanea Sativa Mill ◽  
Whole Plants ◽  
Long Term Preservation ◽  
Direct Immersion

An optimized cryopreservation protocol for embryonic axes (EAs) of chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.) has been developed based on the encapsulation–vitrification procedure. EAs of mature seeds were aseptically dissected and encapsulated in alginate beads with or without 0.3% (w/v) activated charcoal (AC). Embedded EAs were dehydrated with Plant Vitrification Solution 2 for different treatment times up to 120 min, followed by direct immersion in liquid nitrogen. Cryopreserved embryonic axes encapsulated with AC showed higher survival (70%) compared to those encapsulated without AC (50%). Sixty-four percent of embryonic axes, from synthetic seeds with AC, subsequently developed as whole plants. Plantlet regrowth was faster in AC-encapsulated EAs and showed enhanced postcryopreservation shoot and root regrowth over 2 cm after five weeks from rewarming. Results indicate that encapsulation–vitrification with activated charcoal added to the beads is an effective method for the long-term preservation of Castaneasativa embryonic axes.

scholarly journals Morpho-Physiological Testing of NaCl Sensitivity of Tobacco Plants Overexpressing Choline Oxidase Gene

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 1102
Author(s):  
Galina N. Raldugina ◽  
Sergey V. Evsukov ◽  
Liliya R. Bogoutdinova ◽  
Alexander A. Gulevich ◽  
Ekaterina N. Baranova
Keyword(s):  
Choline Oxidase ◽  
Culture Methods ◽  
Gene Encoding ◽  
Oxidase Gene ◽  
Bacterial Enzyme ◽  
Transgenic Lines ◽  
High Regeneration ◽  
Whole Plants ◽  
Implicit Response

In this study the transgenic lines (TLs) of tobacco (Nicotianatabacum L.), which overexpress the heterologous gene encoding the bacterial enzyme choline oxidase were evaluated. The goal of our work is to study the effect of choline oxidase gene expression on the sensitivity of plant tissues to the action of NaCl. The regenerative capacity, rhizogenesis, the amount of photosynthetic pigments and osmotically active compounds (proline and glycine betaine) were assessed by in vitro cell culture methods using biochemical and morphological parameters. Transgenic lines with confirmed expression were characterized by high regeneration capacity from callus in the presence of 200 mmol NaCl, partial retention of viability at 400 mmol NaCl. These data correlated with the implicit response of regenerants and whole plants to the harmful effects of salinity. They turned out to be less sensitive to the presence of 200 mmol NaCl in the cultivation medium, in contrast to the WT plants.

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