Utilization of Yeasts in Biological Control Programs

2009 ◽  
pp. 199-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. S. Pimenta ◽  
P. B. Morais ◽  
C. A. Rosa ◽  
A. Corrêa
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Control Programs

scholarly journals Parasitism Capacity of Trichogramma pretiosum and Trichogramma acacioi (Hym.: Trichogrammatidae) on eggs of Sitotroga cerealella (Lep.: Gelechiidae)

2008 ◽  
Vol 51 (6) ◽  
pp. 1249-1254 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dirceu Pratissoli ◽  
José Cola Zanuncio ◽  
Ulysses Rodrigues Vianna ◽  
Josimar Souza Andrade ◽  
Fernando Domingo Zinger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Sitotroga Cerealella ◽  
Alternative Host ◽  
Trichogramma Pretiosum ◽  
Parasitoid Species ◽  
Control Programs ◽  
Total Parasitism

The objective of this work was to evaluate the parasitism capacity of Trichogramma pretiosum Riley and T. acacioi Brun, Moraes and Soares (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) in eggs of the alternative host Sitotroga cerealella (Olivier) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) aiming to use both species in biological control programs of Nipteria panacea Tierry-Mieg (Lepidoptera: Geometridae). The parasitism rhythm and total parasitism of these parasitoid species were affected by the temperature with higher values during the first 24 h of their life. Parasitism period was longer for T. pretiosum and T. acacioi at the lowest temperature.

scholarly journals Reproduction of Ooencyrtus submetallicus (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) and Trissolcus sp. aff. urichi (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae) in Eggs of Nezara viridula (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) of Different Ages

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 96
Author(s):  
Eduardo Carvalho Faca ◽  
Fabrício Fagundes Pereira ◽  
Winnie Cezario Fernandes ◽  
Ivana Fernandes da Silva ◽  
Valmir Antônio Costa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Cycle Length ◽  
Nezara Viridula ◽  
Control Programs ◽  
Breeding Methodology ◽  
Different Ages ◽  
Laboratory Bioassays

The study of the interaction between parasitoid and host, especially the age of these organisms, is an important step towards the implementation of biological control programs. Therefore, we investigated the performance of Ooencyrtus submetallicus (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) and Trissolcus sp. aff. urichi (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae) parasitizing eggs of Nezara viridula (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae), considering different ages of the parasitoids and the host. We performed four laboratory bioassays: two using females of O. submetallicus and Trissolcus sp. aff. urichi at 24, 48, 72, 96, 120, or 144 hours of age exposed to parasitism in N. viridula eggs (24 h) and two trials with N. viridula eggs at 24, 48, 72, 96, 120, or 144 hours exposed to the parasitism of O. submetallicus and Trissolcus sp. aff. urichi (24 h). We evaluated the percentage of parasitism and emergence, life cycle length, progeny, sex ratio, and the longevity of the parasitoids. The parasitism of O. submetallicus in N. viridula eggs was influenced by the age of the parasitoid, 120 hours being the minimum to obtain better parasitism. From this age on, there is interference in the longevity of the progeny. Trisolcus sp. aff. urichi, at all ages, parasitized N. viridula eggs relatively well, but with almost no emergence of the parasitized eggs. Females of O. submetallicus parasitized and developed in eggs of N. viridula of all ages. Females of Trissolcus sp. aff. urichi parasitized their host, but there was barely any emergence. These pieces of information regarding the breeding methodology contribute to the implementation of new protocols for the multiplication of these parasitoids in the laboratory, and later, their release in the field.

Mass Rearing Bemisia Parasitoids for Support of Classical and Augmentative Biological Control Programs

2014 ◽  
pp. 145-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
John A. Goolsby ◽  
Matthew A. Ciomperlik ◽  
Gregory S. Simmons ◽  
Charles J. Pickett ◽  
Juli A. Gould ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Mass Rearing ◽  
Augmentative Biological Control ◽  
Control Programs

Phytoseiidae mites associated with native and cultivated solanaceous in Central-West Brazil

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mércia Elias Duarte ◽  
Peterson Rodrigo Demite ◽  
Renata Santos De Mendonça ◽  
Miguel Michereff-filho ◽  
Maria Luiza Santa Cruz De Mesquita Alves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Morphological Traits ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Predatory Mites ◽  
Natural Environments ◽  
Phytoseiid Mites ◽  
Control Programs ◽  
Phytophagous Mites ◽  
Wild Host ◽  
The One

Predatory mites represent important biological control agents and those belonging to the Phytoseiidae family are the most promising for the control of phytophagous mites and small insects. The control of key pests of tomato and other solanaceous crops, highlighting phytophagous mites, has been a challenge and the biological control constitutes a promising strategy. Prospecting predatory mites in wild host plants, natural environments as well as in agroecosystems is relevant because these non-crop and crop areas can serve as reservoirs for promising species for biological control programs. This study aimed to know the Phytoseiidae fauna associated with wild and cultivated solanaceous plants in a poorly prospected area in Brazil, the Central-West Region. A detailed taxonomic identification of phytoseiid mites was conducted, and the most important morphological traits are presented for each species. In addition, associated phytophagous mites mainly belonging to the Tetranychidae, Tenuipalpidae and Eriophyoidea were identified. Surveys were carried out in 23 species of solanaceous collected in the Distrito Federal (12 areas) and Goiás State (1 area), from February 2017 to January 2018. Nineteen species of predators belonging to ten genera were recorded: Amblyseius (2 species), Euseius (3), Galendromus (1), Iphiseiodes (1), Neoseiulus (3), Paraphytoseius (1), Phytoseius (3), Proprioseiopsis (2), Typhlodromalus (2, one probably new to science) and Typhlodromips (1). Solanum lycocarpum was the solanaceous that harbored the highest richness (11 species), as well as the one with the highest abundance of phytoseiids (250 specimens). Typhlodromalus aripo was the most common species, being the most abundant (423 specimens; 32%) and registered on the largest number of hosts (14). Many of phytoseiid species found present morphological traits that facilitate their occurrence in leaves with trichomes, as in the case of tomato and other cultivated solanaceous. These traits and the association between predators and phytophagous mites may indicate that these species are promising for biological control programms. Thus, extensive studies to assess the efficiency of the identified predatory mites to control key solanaceous pests are required.

scholarly journals Thermoregulatory response of Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) to infection by Beauveria bassiana, and its effect on survivorship and reproductive success

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaochen Liu ◽  
Stuart R. Reitz ◽  
Zhongren Lei ◽  
Haihong Wang
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Beauveria Bassiana ◽  
Frankliniella Occidentalis ◽  
Behavioral Thermoregulation ◽  
Thermoregulatory Response ◽  
Defensive Strategy ◽  
Control Programs ◽  
Severe Reduction ◽  
Seeking Behavior ◽  
History Of

Abstract Behavioral thermoregulation is a defensive strategy employed by some insects to counter infections by parasites and pathogens. Most reported examples of this type of thermoregulatory response involve behavioral fevering. However depending upon the life history of a host-insect and that of the parasite or pathogen, the host may respond by cold-seeking behavior. Thermoregulation is not only ecologically important; it may affect the success of parasites and pathogens as biological control agents. We examined if Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) thermoregulates in response to infection by Beauveria bassiana, a fungal pathogen commonly used for biological control. Fungal-infected thrips preferentially moved to cooler areas (~12 °C) while healthy thrips sought out warmer temperatures (~24 °C). This cold-seeking behavior suppressed the growth of B. bassiana in infected thrips, and significantly improved survivorship of infected thrips. At 24 °C, males only survived up to 10 d after infection and females up to 20 d after infection, which was substantially poorer survivorship than that of corresponding healthy individuals. However, individuals of both sexes survived up to 48 d after infection at 12 °C, which was a much less severe reduction in survivorship compared with the effect of B. bassiana infection at 24 °C. The proportion of females among progeny from infected thrips at 12 °C was higher than at 24 °C. Therefore, cold-seeking behavior is beneficial to F. occidentalis when infected by B. bassiana, and its effects should be considered in the use of B. bassiana in biological control programs.

scholarly journals Biological Control of Tephritid Fruit Flies in the Americas and Hawaii: A Review of the Use of Parasitoids and Predators

Insects ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 662
Author(s):  
Flávio R. M. Garcia ◽  
Sérgio M. Ovruski ◽  
Lorena Suárez ◽  
Jorge Cancino ◽  
Oscar E. Liburd
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Fruit Flies ◽  
Economic Importance ◽  
Parasitoid Species ◽  
Control Programs ◽  
First Time ◽  
Tephritid Fruit Flies

Biological control has been the most commonly researched control tactic within fruit fly management programs. For the first time, a review is carried out covering parasitoids and predators of fruit flies (Tephritidae) from the Americas and Hawaii, presenting the main biological control programs in this region. In this work, 31 species of fruit flies of economic importance are considered in the genera Anastrepha (11), Rhagoletis (14), Bactrocera (4), Ceratitis (1), and Zeugodacus (1). In this study, a total of 79 parasitoid species of fruit flies of economic importance are listed and, from these, 50 are native and 29 are introduced. A total of 56 species of fruit fly predators occur in the Americas and Hawaii.

scholarly journals An annotated checklist of the psyllids of California (Hemiptera: Psylloidea)

Zootaxa ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 3193 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
DIANA M. PERCY ◽  
ALESSANDRA RUNG ◽  
MARK S. HODDLE
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Species Diversity ◽  
North America ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Pest Species ◽  
Floristic Diversity ◽  
Control Programs ◽  
New Synonym ◽  
Annotated Checklist ◽  
Key Words Biogeography

A revised checklist to the species of Psylloidea (Hemiptera) from California is presented, with information on host plantdata, distributions, introduced and pest species, parasites, parasitoids, and predators, and biological control programs. Thelist includes 164 species, of which six are newly recorded. In total, this comprises a 26% increase in the number of speciesrecorded for California since the last published checklist in 1988. Choricymoza Bliven is a new synonym of PhylloplectaRiley, and 10 species previously in Euphalerus Schwarz are recombined under Nyctiphalerus Bliven. California has therichest native psyllid fauna in North America, and the influence of climatic and floristic diversity on this diversificationis considered. Key words: biogeography, host plant, jumping plant lice, species diversity, pest species.

CRITERIA FOR SELECTING CHRYSOPA CARNEA BIOTYPES FOR BIOLOGICAL CONTROL: ADULT DIETARY REQUIREMENTS

1975 ◽  
Vol 107 (6) ◽  
pp. 589-595 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maurice J. Tauber ◽  
Catherine A. Tauber
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
North America ◽  
West Coast ◽  
Biological Traits ◽  
The West ◽  
Control Programs ◽  
Preoviposition Period ◽  
Chrysopa Carnea ◽  
Control Adult ◽  
Agricultural Areas

AbstractBased on our studies with 10 geographic populations of Chrysopa carnea, we recommend that biological control programs involving this predator use "pure" carnea stock originating from eastern and midwestern North America. Of the two strains (races or biotypes) of C. carnea—carnea and mohave—carnea is the superior choice for biological control on commercial crops in both eastern and western North America because (1) its preoviposition period is approximately one-half as long as mohave’s, (2) unlike mohave adults, neither sex of the carnea strain requires prey for successful mating and initiating oviposition, (3) carnea’s oviposition can be enhanced in the field by applying currently available food sprays, and (4) carnea is efficient to mass-rear on a commercial basis.The “pure” mohave race is restricted to limited areas on the west coast. This race, which can enter a food-mediated summer diapause, is more suitable for biological control on the west coast in non-agricultural situations dominated by native vegetation, where prey occurrence is highly variable during summer.Most west coast populations in agricultural areas are composed of intermediates between the carnea and mohave races. F1 hybrids produced by crossing individuals from mohave, carnea, and intermediate populations, show predominantly carnea characteristics, and inheritance of the distinguishing biological traits appears to be controlled by polygenes.

Biological control of Drosophila suzukii.

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (054) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xing-eng Wang
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Classical Biological Control ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Drosophila Suzukii ◽  
Control Programs ◽  
Crop Fields ◽  
Indigenous Natural Enemies

Abstract Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura) is native to East Asia but has widely established in the Americas and Europe, where it is a devastating pest of soft-skinned fruits. It has a wide host range and these non-crop habitats harbor the fly which then repeatedly reinvades crop fields. Biological control in non-crop habitats could be the cornerstone for sustainable management at the landscape level. Toward this goal, researchers have developed or investigated biological control tactics. We review over 100 studies, conducted in the Americas, Asia and Europe on natural enemies of D. suzukii. Two previous reviews provided an overview of potential natural enemies and detailed accounts on foreign explorations. Here, we provide an up-to-date list of known or evaluated parasitoids, predators and entomopathogens (pathogenic fungi, bacteria, nematodes, and viruses) and summarize research progress to date. We emphasize a systematic approach toward the development of biological control strategies that can stand alone or be combined with more conventional control tools. Finally, we propose a framework for the integrated use of biological control tools, from classical biological control with host-specific Asian parasitoids, to augmentative and conservation biological control with indigenous natural enemies, to the use of entomopathogens. This review provides a roadmap to foster the use of biological control tools in more sustainable D. suzukii control programs.

scholarly journals Biological control of fruit flies in Brazil

2019 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beatriz Jordão Paranhos ◽  
Dori Edson Nava ◽  
Aldo Malavasi
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Review Paper ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Classical Biological Control ◽  
Fruit Flies ◽  
Control Programs ◽  
Bactrocera Carambolae ◽  
Fruit Growing ◽  
Effective Use

Abstract: Fruit flies are the main pests of fruit growing in Brazil. They have been managed predominantly with the use of insecticides applied as cover spray and or/as toxic baits. Currently, the trend of management strategies is toward the adoption of methods that cause the lowest environmental impact in large areas. In this context, biological control is an excellent option to be used together with other management strategies, such as sterile insects, because it leaves no residues, does not disturb nontarget pests, and can be permanent if the natural enemy establishes itself in the field. This review paper addresses the current knowledge on the biological control of fruit flies in Brazil, highlighting the great biodiversity of its natural enemies, especially parasitoids, its biology and ecology. The classical biological control programs in Brazil are also reported, from the introduction of Tetrastichus giffardianus (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae), in 1937, to control Ceratitis capitata (Diptera: Tephritidae), to that of Fopius arisanus (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), in 2012, to control Bactrocera carambolae (Diptera: Tephritidae). Finally, the obtained advances are pointed out, as well as the main bottlenecks and perspectives for the effective use of biological control programs against fruit flies.

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