Sheet Necking-II. Time-Independent Behavior

1978 ◽  
pp. 127-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. W. Hutchinson ◽  
K. W. Neale
Keyword(s):  
Independent Behavior

The flow properties of honey–malt spread

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 415-425 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Dianat ◽  
M Taghizadeh ◽  
F Shahidi ◽  
SMA Razavi
Keyword(s):  
Flow Behavior ◽  
Time Dependent ◽  
Malt Extract ◽  
Barley Malt ◽  
First Order ◽  
Dependent Behavior ◽  
Thixotropic Behaviour ◽  
Order Stress ◽  
Temperature Levels ◽  
Independent Behavior

In this study, the effect of barley malt extract at two brix levels (74 and 79 °Bx) and three ratios of malt extract/honey (65:35, 70:30 and 75:25) on the flow behavior properties of honey–malt spread at three temperature levels (35 ℃, 45 ℃ and 55 ℃) was investigated. Time-dependent behavior data of the spread samples were appropriately fitted to the Weltman, first-order stress decay with a zero stress value and first-order stress decay with a non-zero stress value models. Also, the Power-law, Herschel–Bulkley, Casson and Bingham models were used for curve fitting the time-independent behavior data. Regarding the R2 and root mean square error coefficients, the first-order stress decay with a non-zero stress value and Herschel–Bulkley models were selected as the suitable models to describe the flow behavior of samples. The results for time-dependent properties showed that spread samples exhibit a thixotropic behaviour, as the viscosity for all samples decreased with increase in shearing time at a constant shear rate of 50 s−1.

Normality Structures With Thermodynamic Equilibrium Points

2007 ◽  
Vol 74 (5) ◽  
pp. 965-971 ◽  
Author(s):  
Q. Yang ◽  
R. K. Wang ◽  
L. J. Xue
Keyword(s):  
Thermodynamic Equilibrium ◽  
Equilibrium Points ◽  
Thermodynamic System ◽  
Internal Variables ◽  
System A ◽  
Plastic Dissipation ◽  
Flow Potential ◽  
Yield Surfaces ◽  
Intrinsic Dissipation ◽  
Independent Behavior

Enriched by the nonlinear Onsager reciprocal relations and thermodynamic equilibrium points (Onsager, Phys. Rev., 37, pp. 405–406; 38, pp. 2265–2279), an extended normality structure by Rice (1971, J. Mech. Phys. Solids, 19, pp. 433–455) is established in this paper as a unified nonlinear thermodynamic theory of solids. It is revealed that the normality structure stems from the microscale irrotational thermodynamic fluxes. Within the extended normality structure, this paper focuses on the microscale thermodynamic mechanisms and significance of the convexity of flow potentials and yield surfaces. It is shown that the flow potential is convex if the conjugate force increment cannot not oppose the increment of the rates of local internal variables. For the Rice fluxes, the convexity condition reduces to the local rates being monotonic increasing functions with respect to their conjugate forces. The convexity of the flow potential provides the thermodynamic system a capability against the disturbance of the thermodynamic equilibrium point. It is proposed for time-independent behavior that the set of plastically admissible stresses determined by yield conditions corresponds to the set of thermodynamic equilibrium points. Based on that viewpoint, the intrinsic dissipation inequality is just the thermodynamic counterpart of the principle of maximum plastic dissipation and requires the convexity of the yield surfaces.

scholarly journals Peran Caregiver Dalam Mengenalkan Anggota Tubuh Pada Individu Autistik Usia Prasekolah

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Diah Retno Anggraini
Keyword(s):  
Sex Education ◽  
Sexual Exploitation ◽  
First Year ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
Autistic Children ◽  
Study Approach ◽  
Special Challenge ◽  
The Right ◽  
Independent Behavior

<em>It is estimated that around 40,000-70,000 children become victims of sexual exploitation and about 100,000 children are trafficked each year. It clearly proves the children’s lack of knowledge about sex education they should have gained in their first year from their caregivers, in this case their mothers. Entering the age of 1-2, children’s curiosity and ability to speak and to remember begin to increase quite well. This is the right time to continuously enrich their vocabularies and hone their ability to remember and speak by introducing body parts like hair, nose, knees, heels, and so on. Autism is a term used to describe a type of pervasive disorder in a child resulting in a disturbance or delay in cognition, language, behavior, communication and social interaction. Providing education and understanding is a special challenge for caregivers. This study illustrates how the role performed and displayed by the caregiver (mother) of autistic individuals in introducing the parts of body. The method used in the study is a qualitative method with case study approach by conducting observation and interview with the caregiver of autistic children. The result of the study indicates that the full role of caregiver (mother) produces autistic children with independent behavior. They can understand their body parts, maintain the hygiene of body parts and understand what body parts that may be touched and not</em>

scholarly journals A semismooth Newton method with analytical path-following for the $H^1$-projection onto the Gibbs simplex

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 1276-1295 ◽  
Author(s):  
L Adam ◽  
M Hintermüller ◽  
T M Surowiec
Keyword(s):  
Regularization Parameter ◽  
Image Inpainting ◽  
Path Following ◽  
Second Order ◽  
Semismooth Newton Method ◽  
Semismooth Newton ◽  
Yosida Regularization ◽  
Semismooth Newton Methods ◽  
Independent Behavior ◽  
The Value Function

Abstract An efficient, function-space-based second-order method for the $H^1$-projection onto the Gibbs simplex is presented. The method makes use of the theory of semismooth Newton methods in function spaces as well as Moreau–Yosida regularization and techniques from parametric optimization. A path-following technique is considered for the regularization parameter updates. A rigorous first- and second-order sensitivity analysis of the value function for the regularized problem is provided to justify the update scheme. The viability of the algorithm is then demonstrated for two applications found in the literature: binary image inpainting and labeled data classification. In both cases, the algorithm exhibits mesh-independent behavior.

scholarly journals Geochemical Behavior of Uranium and Radon in Groundwater of Jurassic Granite Area, Icheon, Middle Korea

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1278 ◽  
Author(s):  
Byong Wook Cho ◽  
Chang Oh Choo
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Maximum Contaminant Level ◽  
Contaminant Level ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Us ◽  
Us Epa ◽  
Independent Behavior ◽  
Radon Concentrations

Uranium concentrations (a total of 82 samples) in groundwater in Icheon, middle Korea, showed a wide range from 0.02 to 1640 μg/L with a mean of 56.77 μg/L, a median of 3.03 μg/L, and a standard deviation of 228.63 μg/L. Most groundwater samples had quite low concentrations: 32.9% were below 1 μg/L, while 15.9% exceeded 30 μg/L, the maximum contaminant level (MCL) of the US EPA (Environmental Protection Agency). Radon concentrations also ranged widely from 1.48 to 865.8 Bq/L. Although the standard deviation of radon was large (151.8 Bq/L), the mean was 211.29 Bq/L and the median was 176.86 Bq/L. Overall, 64.6% of the samples exceeded the alternative maximum contaminant level (AMCL) of the US EPA (148 Bq/L). According to statistical analyses, there was no close correlations between uranium and radon, but there were correlations between uranium and redox potential (Eh) (−0.54), dissolved oxygen (DO) (−0.50), HCO3− (0.45), Sr (0.65), and SiO2 (−0.44). Radon showed independent behavior with respect to most components in groundwater. Uranium concentrations in groundwater increased with increasing water–rock interactions. Anomalously high uranium and radon concentrations in groundwater are preferentially localized in granite areas and spatial distributions are remarkably heterogeneous.

scholarly journals Generalized Independence in the q-Voter Model: How Do Parameters Influence the Phase Transition?

Entropy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angelika Abramiuk ◽  
Katarzyna Sznajd-Weron
Keyword(s):  
Phase Transition ◽  
Critical Point ◽  
Broad Spectrum ◽  
Order Parameter ◽  
Analytical Formula ◽  
Voter Model ◽  
Pair Approximation ◽  
Scaling Relation ◽  
Independent Behavior

We study the q-voter model with flexibility, which allows for describing a broad spectrum of independence from zealots, inflexibility, or stubbornness through noisy voters to self-anticonformity. Analyzing the model within the pair approximation allows us to derive the analytical formula for the critical point, below which an ordered (agreement) phase is stable. We determine the role of flexibility, which can be understood as an amount of variability associated with an independent behavior, as well as the role of the average network degree in shaping the character of the phase transition. We check the existence of the scaling relation, which previously was derived for the Sznajd model. We show that the scaling is universal, in a sense that it does not depend neither on the size of the group of influence nor on the average network degree. Analyzing the model in terms of the rescaled parameter, we determine the critical point, the jump of the order parameter, as well as the width of the hysteresis as a function of the average network degree ⟨ k ⟩ and the size of the group of influence q.

scholarly journals Is Independence Necessary for a Discontinuous Phase Transition within the q-Voter Model?

Entropy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 521 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angelika Abramiuk ◽  
Jakub Pawłowski ◽  
Katarzyna Sznajd-Weron
Keyword(s):  
Phase Transition ◽  
Phase Transitions ◽  
Continuous Phase ◽  
Voter Model ◽  
Social Response ◽  
Generalized Model ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
The Social ◽  
Discontinuous Phase ◽  
Independent Behavior

We ask a question about the possibility of a discontinuous phase transition and the related social hysteresis within the q-voter model with anticonformity. Previously, it was claimed that within the q-voter model the social hysteresis can emerge only because of an independent behavior, and for the model with anticonformity only continuous phase transitions are possible. However, this claim was derived from the model, in which the size of the influence group needed for the conformity was the same as the size of the group needed for the anticonformity. Here, we abandon this assumption on the equality of two types of social response and introduce the generalized model, in which the size of the influence group needed for the conformity q c and the size of the influence group needed for the anticonformity q a are independent variables and in general q c ≠ q a . We investigate the model on the complete graph, similarly as it was done for the original q-voter model with anticonformity, and we show that such a generalized model displays both types of phase transitions depending on parameters q c and q a .

scholarly journals Studying Human Habits in Societal Context: Examining Support for a Basic Stimulus–Response Mechanism

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 614-618 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans Marien ◽  
Ruud Custers ◽  
Henk Aarts
Keyword(s):  
Human Life ◽  
Basic Definition ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Stimulus Response ◽  
Societal Context ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Basic Stimulus ◽  
Societal Problems ◽  
Independent Behavior

Human habits are considered to be an important root of societal problems. The significance of habits has been demonstrated for a variety of behaviors in different domains, such as work, transportation, health, and ecology, suggesting that habits have a pervasive impact on human life. Studying and changing habits in societal context requires a broad view of behavior, which poses a challenge for applying basic models to complex human habits. We address the conceptualization and operationalization of habits in the current literature and note that claims about the role of habits in societal context rarely agree with the basic definition of habits as goal-independent behavior. We consider future directions that are important for making progress in the study of habit change in societal context.

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