The Relative Merits of Early Morning vs Random Urine Samples for Studying Crystalluria

Urolithiasis ◽  
1989 ◽  
pp. 41-42
Author(s):  
Y. M. Fazil Marickar ◽  
K. Sachidev ◽  
T. Joseph ◽  
S. Sindhu ◽  
R. Vathsala
Keyword(s):  
Early Morning ◽  
Urine Samples

Measurement of estrone-3-glucuronide and pregnanediol-3α-glucuronide in early morning urine samples to monitor ovarian function

1989 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 567-574 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Magini ◽  
P. Pinzani ◽  
G. F. Bolelli ◽  
F. Bassi ◽  
R. Salerno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Function ◽  
Early Morning ◽  
Urine Samples

scholarly journals Persistent Microalbuminuria in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infected Children in Kano, Nigeria

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdullahi Mudi ◽  
Bashir U. Alhaj ◽  
Fatimah Hassan-Hanga ◽  
Isah Adagiri Yahaya
Keyword(s):  
Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Early Morning ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Albumin Creatinine Ratio ◽  
Spot Urine ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Duration Of Infection ◽  
Male To Female

Microalbuminuria has been reported to be a precursor of HIV related renal disease, which if detected early and coupled with appropriate intervention may slow or retard the progress of the disease. One hundred and seventy-eight HIV infected children aged 15 years and below were recruited from the Paediatric Infectious Disease Clinic of Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital (AKTH), Kano, to determine the prevalence of persistent microalbuminuria using the albumin creatinine ratio (ACR). Early morning urine samples and spot urine samples were analyzed using a dipstick specific for microalbumin. Those who tested positive had their samples reanalyzed in the laboratory using immunometric assay and Jaffe reaction method for albumin and creatinine, respectively. Patients that had ACR of 30–300 mg/g were said to have microalbuminuria and had their urine samples retested after 6 to 8 weeks. Twelve children (6.7%) had persistent microalbuminuria and had a mean age of7.5±3.3years, with a male to female ratio of 1 : 1. There was no significant relationship between the finding of microalbuminuria and age, sex, duration of infection, and the use of highly active antiretroviral therapy. Periodic screening for microalbuminuria using albumin specific dipstick should be considered for children with HIV infection.

scholarly journals Misclassification of iodine intake level from morning spot urine samples with high iodine excretion among Inuit and non-Inuit in Greenland

2015 ◽  
Vol 113 (9) ◽  
pp. 1433-1440 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stig Andersen ◽  
Rasmus Waagepetersen ◽  
Peter Laurberg
Keyword(s):  
Demographic Data ◽  
Early Morning ◽  
Iodine Intake ◽  
National Registry ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Iodine Nutrition ◽  
Spot Urine ◽  
Intake Level ◽  
Iodine Excretion

Iodine nutrition is commonly assessed from iodine excretion in urine. A 24 h urine sample is ideal, but it is cumbersome and inconvenient. Hence, spot urine samples with creatinine to adjust for differences in void volume are widely used. Still, the importance of ethnicity and the timing of spot urine samples need to be settled. We, thus, collected 104 early morning spot urine samples and 24 h urine samples from Inuit and non-Inuit living in Greenland. Diet was assessed by a FFQ. Demographic data were collected from the national registry and by questionnaires. Iodine was measured using the Sandell–Kolthoff reaction, creatinine using the Jaffe method and para-amino benzoic acid by the HPLC method for the estimation of completeness of urine sampling and compensation of incomplete urine samples to 24 h excretion. A population-based recruitment was done from the capital city, a major town and a settlement (n 36/48/20). Participants were seventy-eight Inuit and twenty-six non-Inuit. The median 24 h iodine excretion was 138 (25th–75th percentile 89–225) μg/97 (25th–75th percentile 72–124) μg in Inuit/non-Inuit (P= 0·030), and 153 (25th–75th percentile 97–251) μg/102 (25th–75th percentile 73–138) μg (P= 0·026) when including compensated iodine excretion. Iodine excretion in 24 h urine samples increased with a rising intake of traditional Inuit foods (P= 0·005). Iodine excretion was lower in morning spot urine samples than in 24 h urine samples (P< 0·001). This difference was associated with iodine intake levels (P< 0·001), and was statistically significant when the iodine excretion level was above 150 μg/24 h. In conclusion, the iodine intake level was underestimated from morning spot urine samples if iodine excretion was above the recommended level.

Conjugated oestrogen during the menstrual cycle measured by a direct radioimmunoassay with an antiserum prepared against oestradiol-17-glucosiduronate-[C-6]-BSA conjugate

1984 ◽  
Vol 106 (3) ◽  
pp. 374-380 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hideo Honjo ◽  
Kazuo Otsubo ◽  
Jinsuke Yasuda ◽  
Jo Kitawaki ◽  
Hiroji Okada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Bovine Serum Albumin ◽  
Serum Albumin ◽  
Bovine Serum ◽  
Early Morning ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Time Relationship ◽  
Bovine Serum Albumin Conjugate ◽  
Prominent Peak

Abstract. Early morning and 24 h urine samples and serum were collected daily throughout the menstrual cycle in women. Urinary oestradiol-17-glucosiduronate (E2-17-G) was measured with a direct radioimmunoassay whose antiserum had been prepared against E2-17-G-[C-6]-bovine serum albumin conjugate and was very specific. On the average, E2-17-G in early morning and 24 h urine samples showed a prominent peak one day before the peak of urinary LH. The time relationship between these urinary E2-17-G and serum E2 levels and peaks was also investigated.

Evaluation of calcium to phosphorus ratio in spot urine samples as a practical method to monitor phosphorus intake adequacy in sows

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariola Grez-Capdeville ◽  
Thomas D Crenshaw
Keyword(s):  
Physiological State ◽  
Roc Curves ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Weighted Kappa ◽  
Practical Method ◽  
Early Morning ◽  
Late Gestation ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Spot Urine ◽  
Phosphorus Intake

Abstract The objective of this study was to evaluate the reliability of using Ca to P ratio measured in spot urine samples to assess P intake adequacy in gestating and lactating sows. A total of 36 sows were fed one of six concentrations of dietary total P (0.40, 0.48, 0.56, 0.64, 0.72, 0.80%) from day 7.5 + 1 after breeding until the end of lactation (day 26.6 + 1). Dietary Ca to P ratio was maintained constant across treatments at 1.25. Total 24-hour urine samples were collected in mid and late gestation (days 77.1 + 2 and 112.4 + 1), and early and late lactation (days 4.5 + 1 and 18.2 + 1). In parallel to 24-hour collections, spot urine samples were collected at three different times (early morning, late morning, and late afternoon) in late gestation and late lactation. Urine Ca and P concentrations were measured and Ca to P ratio was calculated. Sows were classified as P-adequate or P-deficient according to dietary P intake. Urine Ca to P ratio was greater in sows fed P-deficient diets than sows fed P-adequate diets (P &lt; 0.001). Receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curves were used to determine the cut-off values for urine Ca to P ratio to predict P intake adequacy. Three different categories of P intake were defined according to urine Ca to P ratio: deficient, adequate, and excessive. The area under the ROC for Ca to P ratio was 0.88 (95% CI 0.81 – 0.95). Best cut-off value of urine Ca to P ratio was 1.5 (sensitivity 94% and specificity 68%) to identify sows fed P-deficient diets and 0.5 for P-excessive diets (sensitivity 82% and specificity 82%). A strong relationship between Ca to P ratio in 24-hour and spot urine samples was determined (r = 0.93, P &lt; 0.01), independent of physiological state and collection time of spot samples (adjusted-R 2 = 0.86, P &lt; 0.01). The degree of agreement between spot and 24-hour urine for P intake adequacy, assessed by Cohen’s weighted kappa analysis, was substantial (0.78, 95% CI 0.69 – 0.88). We conclude that urinary Ca to P ratio provides a reliable prediction of the adequacy of P intake in reproducing sows. Urinary Ca to P ratio measurements in random spot urinary offers a practical method to determine dietary P adequacy.

scholarly journals Screening for Cushing's Syndrome using Early Morning Urine Samples

1979 ◽  
Vol 16 (1-6) ◽  
pp. 86-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael S. Walker
Keyword(s):  
Cushing’S Syndrome ◽  
Early Morning ◽  
Cushing's Syndrome ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Adrenal Hyperplasia ◽  
Normal Range ◽  
Hypothalamic Pituitary Adrenal ◽  
Bilateral Adrenal Hyperplasia ◽  
Obese Subjects ◽  
Pituitary Adrenal Axis

Urinary free 11-hydroxycorticosteroid/creatinine ratios (UFC/Cr) were determined in early morning urine samples from 138 obese subjects attending endocrine clinics in the Glasgow area. The majority of patients (128) had UFC/Cr ratios within the normal range for non-obese subjects (5–55 μmol/mol). Of those with elevated UFC/Cr ratios, further investigations of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis confirmed a diagnosis of Cushing's syndrome due to bilateral adrenal hyperplasia in six of the cases and adrenal tumours in a further two patients. In the remaining two patients there was evidence of intermittent adrenal hyperactivity with inconsistent responses to insulin-induced hypoglycaemia tests.

scholarly journals Urinary Free 11-Hydroxycorticosteroid/Creatinine Ratios in Early Morning Urine Samples as an Index of Adrenal Function

1977 ◽  
Vol 14 (1-6) ◽  
pp. 203-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael S. Walker
Keyword(s):  
Cushing’S Syndrome ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Early Morning ◽  
Cushing's Syndrome ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Creatinine Ratio ◽  
Laboratory Staff ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Age Range ◽  
Normal Laboratory

Urinary free 11-hydroxycorticosteroid/creatinine ratios were determined in early morning urine samples from 113 females (age range 20–45 years) and 65 males (age range 22–45 years). Basal values in normal subjects fluctuated between 5 and 55 μmol/mol creatinine. In four patients in whom Cushing's syndrome was diagnosed, urinary free 11-hydroxycorticosteroid/creatinine ratios were greater than 85 μmol/mol creatinine. Administration of dexamethasone (0.5 mg/q.i.d.) to nine normal laboratory staff for two days resulted in a suppression of the urinary free 11-hydroxycorticosteroid/creatinine ratio to less than 50% of the mean basal value in all cases. This degree of suppression did not occur in two cases of Cushing's syndrome due to adrenal tumours.

scholarly journals ANTIBIOTIC SUSCEPTIBILITY TESTING FOR ESCHERICHIA COLI CAUSING URINARY TRACT INFECTIONS IN SOKOTO METROPOLIS

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 373
Author(s):  
Muhammad Nura Umar ◽  
Bature Mustapha ◽  
Nuhu Tanko ◽  
Nafiu Aminu
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Early Morning ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Outcome Analysis ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Ethical Approval ◽  
Tract Infections

Objective: The study was designed to diffuse awareness on the prevalence of Escherichia coli as a causative agent of urinary tract infection (UTI) in Sokoto metropolis as well as to determine the susceptibility to commonly used antibiotics in Specialist Hospital Sokoto (SHS). This is also to raise awareness of the risk of giving antibiotics and their direct impact on the outcome analysis of UTIs.Methods: This study was conducted at SHS, and ethical approval to carry out the study was obtained from the Ethical Committee of the hospital. Informed consent was obtained from each participant. Early morning, mid-stream clean catch urine samples were collected by patients in sterile disposable containers. The antibiotic susceptibility of the isolates was determined against 10 commonly prescribed antibiotics in SHS using the modified Kirby–Bauer disc agar diffusion.Results: A total of 86 urine samples were analyzed over 2 months, and 34 were culture positive giving an isolation rate of 39.5%, while 48 were culture negative giving a rate of 55.8%, and 4 (4.7%) were undecided. A total of 16 isolates were E. coli (47.1%), while 18 accounts for others (52.9%). The results of antimicrobial susceptibility profile to 10 antibiotics showed that E. coli displayed high susceptibility to vancomycin (91.6%), followed by amikacin (89.2%) and then meropenem (88.0%), while high rate of resistance was found in nalidixic acid (81.2%), followed by co-trimoxazole (73.3%) and then norfloxacin (76.2%).Conclusion: When there is an adequate detection of E. coli and other uropathogens, it will aid in selecting the appropriate antimicrobial therapy and this will also serve as a means of infection control. This will go a long way in reducing the cost of treatment and threat of resistance as witnessed in the management of some uropathogens.

Measurement of a Urinary Marker (8-hydroxydeoxy­Guanosine, 8-OHdG) of DNA Oxidative Stress in Epidemiological Surveys: A Pilot Study

2015 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 341-345 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Elisabetta Zanolin ◽  
Paolo Girardi ◽  
Paolo Degan ◽  
Marta Rava ◽  
Mario Olivieri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Early Morning ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Repeated Measurements ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Urinary Concentration ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Linear Mixed Effects ◽  
Spot Urine ◽  
Epidemiological Surveys

Background 8-Hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) is a commonly used marker of DNA oxidative stress in epidemiological studies. The aim of this study was to establish whether the urinary concentration of 8-OHdG varies during the first part of the day, when clinical tests are usually performed, and whether it can therefore be measured without bias in spot urine samples. Material and methods Spot urine samples were collected using a convenience sample. A linear mixed-effects model for repeated measurements was used to analyze 8-OHdG levels. Results A significant increasing trend in time in the 8-OHdG concentration was found among smokers, but not in the case of nonsmokers. Conclusions In epidemiological studies on oxidative stress, all participants should collect their early morning urine specimens – before their first cigarette if they are smokers – to gather information on individual background oxidation levels.

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