Measurement of a Urinary Marker (8-hydroxydeoxy­Guanosine, 8-OHdG) of DNA Oxidative Stress in Epidemiological Surveys: A Pilot Study

2015 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 341-345 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Elisabetta Zanolin ◽  
Paolo Girardi ◽  
Paolo Degan ◽  
Marta Rava ◽  
Mario Olivieri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Early Morning ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Repeated Measurements ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Urinary Concentration ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Linear Mixed Effects ◽  
Spot Urine ◽  
Epidemiological Surveys

Background 8-Hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) is a commonly used marker of DNA oxidative stress in epidemiological studies. The aim of this study was to establish whether the urinary concentration of 8-OHdG varies during the first part of the day, when clinical tests are usually performed, and whether it can therefore be measured without bias in spot urine samples. Material and methods Spot urine samples were collected using a convenience sample. A linear mixed-effects model for repeated measurements was used to analyze 8-OHdG levels. Results A significant increasing trend in time in the 8-OHdG concentration was found among smokers, but not in the case of nonsmokers. Conclusions In epidemiological studies on oxidative stress, all participants should collect their early morning urine specimens – before their first cigarette if they are smokers – to gather information on individual background oxidation levels.

scholarly journals Persistent Microalbuminuria in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infected Children in Kano, Nigeria

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdullahi Mudi ◽  
Bashir U. Alhaj ◽  
Fatimah Hassan-Hanga ◽  
Isah Adagiri Yahaya
Keyword(s):  
Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Early Morning ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Albumin Creatinine Ratio ◽  
Spot Urine ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Duration Of Infection ◽  
Male To Female

Microalbuminuria has been reported to be a precursor of HIV related renal disease, which if detected early and coupled with appropriate intervention may slow or retard the progress of the disease. One hundred and seventy-eight HIV infected children aged 15 years and below were recruited from the Paediatric Infectious Disease Clinic of Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital (AKTH), Kano, to determine the prevalence of persistent microalbuminuria using the albumin creatinine ratio (ACR). Early morning urine samples and spot urine samples were analyzed using a dipstick specific for microalbumin. Those who tested positive had their samples reanalyzed in the laboratory using immunometric assay and Jaffe reaction method for albumin and creatinine, respectively. Patients that had ACR of 30–300 mg/g were said to have microalbuminuria and had their urine samples retested after 6 to 8 weeks. Twelve children (6.7%) had persistent microalbuminuria and had a mean age of7.5±3.3years, with a male to female ratio of 1 : 1. There was no significant relationship between the finding of microalbuminuria and age, sex, duration of infection, and the use of highly active antiretroviral therapy. Periodic screening for microalbuminuria using albumin specific dipstick should be considered for children with HIV infection.

scholarly journals Perbandingan kandungan iodium dalam urin antara sampel urin 24 jam dan on spot pada anak usia sekolah

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 129
Author(s):  
Widya Ayu Kurnia Putri ◽  
Dodik Briawan ◽  
Hidayat Syarif ◽  
Leily Amelia
Keyword(s):  
Iodine Concentration ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Urine Collection ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Iodine Status ◽  
Spot Urine ◽  
Epidemiological Surveys

Background: Urine Iodine Concentration (UIC) is the indicator to assess iodine status. UIC from 24-hour urine collection appropriate to used as a direct measure of the iodine status and helps to validate the estimates intake of iodine. 24-hours urine collection is not practical in large studies and epidemiological surveys because it is quite difficult to complete and accurate collection. WHO/UNICEF/ICCIDD recommend the use of on spot urine collection.Objective: The aim of this study was to compare of 24-hour urine collection and spot urine collection for the assessment UIC in children.Method: The cross-sectional study was applied in Bogor. UIC was measured in 24-hour urine and parallel collected three spot urine namely on spot 1 collected morning, on spot 2 collected afternoon, and on spot 3 collected evening, sample urine collected from 44 healthy children age 10-13 years. UIC of 24-hour urine and one spot urine analyzed in the laboratory GAKY FK UNDIP using acid digestion method.Results: The average UIC from 24-hour urine collection was 179.77 ± 56.4 µg/l and UIC from on spot urine collection were on spot morning 145.30 ± 63.6 µg/l, on spot afternoon 159.95 ± 64.5 µg/l, and on spot evening 167.50 ± 66.1 µg/l. However, UIC correlation between UIC from on spot afternoon and UIC 24-hour (r = 0.456) with 66.67 % sensitivity and 75.61 % specificity.Conclusion: UIC urine samples from lunch to dinner more accurately reflects the UIC 24 hours to categorize the iodine status of the population. UIC from spot urine samples collected on the afternoon can be used as an alternative to evaluate the iodine status of school-age children.

scholarly journals Misclassification of iodine intake level from morning spot urine samples with high iodine excretion among Inuit and non-Inuit in Greenland

2015 ◽  
Vol 113 (9) ◽  
pp. 1433-1440 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stig Andersen ◽  
Rasmus Waagepetersen ◽  
Peter Laurberg
Keyword(s):  
Demographic Data ◽  
Early Morning ◽  
Iodine Intake ◽  
National Registry ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Iodine Nutrition ◽  
Spot Urine ◽  
Intake Level ◽  
Iodine Excretion

Iodine nutrition is commonly assessed from iodine excretion in urine. A 24 h urine sample is ideal, but it is cumbersome and inconvenient. Hence, spot urine samples with creatinine to adjust for differences in void volume are widely used. Still, the importance of ethnicity and the timing of spot urine samples need to be settled. We, thus, collected 104 early morning spot urine samples and 24 h urine samples from Inuit and non-Inuit living in Greenland. Diet was assessed by a FFQ. Demographic data were collected from the national registry and by questionnaires. Iodine was measured using the Sandell–Kolthoff reaction, creatinine using the Jaffe method and para-amino benzoic acid by the HPLC method for the estimation of completeness of urine sampling and compensation of incomplete urine samples to 24 h excretion. A population-based recruitment was done from the capital city, a major town and a settlement (n 36/48/20). Participants were seventy-eight Inuit and twenty-six non-Inuit. The median 24 h iodine excretion was 138 (25th–75th percentile 89–225) μg/97 (25th–75th percentile 72–124) μg in Inuit/non-Inuit (P= 0·030), and 153 (25th–75th percentile 97–251) μg/102 (25th–75th percentile 73–138) μg (P= 0·026) when including compensated iodine excretion. Iodine excretion in 24 h urine samples increased with a rising intake of traditional Inuit foods (P= 0·005). Iodine excretion was lower in morning spot urine samples than in 24 h urine samples (P< 0·001). This difference was associated with iodine intake levels (P< 0·001), and was statistically significant when the iodine excretion level was above 150 μg/24 h. In conclusion, the iodine intake level was underestimated from morning spot urine samples if iodine excretion was above the recommended level.

scholarly journals Developing community-based urine sampling methods to deploy biomarker technology for the assessment of dietary exposure

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (17) ◽  
pp. 3081-3092 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda J Lloyd ◽  
Thomas Wilson ◽  
Naomi D Willis ◽  
Laura Lyons ◽  
Helen Phillips ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Effective Means ◽  
Dietary Exposure ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Urine Collection ◽  
Spot Urine ◽  
Urine Sampling ◽  
Temperature Regimes ◽  
Exposure Biomarkers

AbstractObjective:Obtaining objective, dietary exposure information from individuals is challenging because of the complexity of food consumption patterns and the limitations of self-reporting tools (e.g., FFQ and diet diaries). This hinders research efforts to associate intakes of specific foods or eating patterns with population health outcomes.Design:Dietary exposure can be assessed by the measurement of food-derived chemicals in urine samples. We aimed to develop methodologies for urine collection that minimised impact on the day-to-day activities of participants but also yielded samples that were data-rich in terms of targeted biomarker measurements.Setting:Urine collection methodologies were developed within home settings.Participants:Different cohorts of free-living volunteers.Results:Home collection of urine samples using vacuum transfer technology was deemed highly acceptable by volunteers. Statistical analysis of both metabolome and selected dietary exposure biomarkers in spot urine collected and stored using this method showed that they were compositionally similar to urine collected using a standard method with immediate sample freezing. Even without chemical preservatives, samples can be stored under different temperature regimes without any significant impact on the overall urine composition or concentration of forty-six exemplar dietary exposure biomarkers. Importantly, the samples could be posted directly to analytical facilities, without the need for refrigerated transport and involvement of clinical professionals.Conclusions:This urine sampling methodology appears to be suitable for routine use and may provide a scalable, cost-effective means to collect urine samples and to assess diet in epidemiological studies.

Evaluation of calcium to phosphorus ratio in spot urine samples as a practical method to monitor phosphorus intake adequacy in sows

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariola Grez-Capdeville ◽  
Thomas D Crenshaw
Keyword(s):  
Physiological State ◽  
Roc Curves ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Weighted Kappa ◽  
Practical Method ◽  
Early Morning ◽  
Late Gestation ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Spot Urine ◽  
Phosphorus Intake

Abstract The objective of this study was to evaluate the reliability of using Ca to P ratio measured in spot urine samples to assess P intake adequacy in gestating and lactating sows. A total of 36 sows were fed one of six concentrations of dietary total P (0.40, 0.48, 0.56, 0.64, 0.72, 0.80%) from day 7.5 + 1 after breeding until the end of lactation (day 26.6 + 1). Dietary Ca to P ratio was maintained constant across treatments at 1.25. Total 24-hour urine samples were collected in mid and late gestation (days 77.1 + 2 and 112.4 + 1), and early and late lactation (days 4.5 + 1 and 18.2 + 1). In parallel to 24-hour collections, spot urine samples were collected at three different times (early morning, late morning, and late afternoon) in late gestation and late lactation. Urine Ca and P concentrations were measured and Ca to P ratio was calculated. Sows were classified as P-adequate or P-deficient according to dietary P intake. Urine Ca to P ratio was greater in sows fed P-deficient diets than sows fed P-adequate diets (P &lt; 0.001). Receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curves were used to determine the cut-off values for urine Ca to P ratio to predict P intake adequacy. Three different categories of P intake were defined according to urine Ca to P ratio: deficient, adequate, and excessive. The area under the ROC for Ca to P ratio was 0.88 (95% CI 0.81 – 0.95). Best cut-off value of urine Ca to P ratio was 1.5 (sensitivity 94% and specificity 68%) to identify sows fed P-deficient diets and 0.5 for P-excessive diets (sensitivity 82% and specificity 82%). A strong relationship between Ca to P ratio in 24-hour and spot urine samples was determined (r = 0.93, P &lt; 0.01), independent of physiological state and collection time of spot samples (adjusted-R 2 = 0.86, P &lt; 0.01). The degree of agreement between spot and 24-hour urine for P intake adequacy, assessed by Cohen’s weighted kappa analysis, was substantial (0.78, 95% CI 0.69 – 0.88). We conclude that urinary Ca to P ratio provides a reliable prediction of the adequacy of P intake in reproducing sows. Urinary Ca to P ratio measurements in random spot urinary offers a practical method to determine dietary P adequacy.

scholarly journals Urinary concentrations of neonicotinoid insecticides were related to renal tubular dysfunction and neuropsychological complaints in Dry-zone of Sri Lanka

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kumiko Taira ◽  
Tomonori Kawakami ◽  
Sujithra Kaushaliya Weragoda ◽  
H. M. Ayala S. Herath ◽  
Yoshinori Ikenaka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Cystatin C ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Unknown Etiology ◽  
Urinary Concentration ◽  
Tubular Dysfunction ◽  
Renal Tubular Dysfunction ◽  
Spot Urine ◽  
Dry Zone ◽  
Renal Tubular

AbstractNeonicotinoids are systemic insecticides used since the 1990’s , that possess renal tubular toxicity. We conducted a field-based descriptive study in the North Central Dry-zone of Sri Lanka, where chronic kidney disease (CKD) of unknown etiology has been increasing since the 1990’s. To elucidate the relationship between renal tubular dysfunctions and urinary neonicotinoids concentrations, we collected spot urine samples from15 CKD patients, 15 family members, and 62 neighbors in 2015, analyzed two renal tubular biomarkers, Cystatin-C and L-FABP, quantified seven neonicotinoids and a metabolite N-desmethyl-acetamiprid by LC–MS/MS; and we investigated their symptoms using a questionnaire. Cystatin-C and L-FABP had a positive correlation (p < 0.001). N-Desmethyl-acetamiprid was detected in 92.4% of the urine samples, followed by dinotefuran (17.4%), thiamethoxam (17.4%), clothianidin (9.8%), thiacloprid and imidacloprid. Dinotefuran and thiacloprid have never been registered in Sri Lanka. In High Cystatin-C group (> 70 μg/gCre, n = 7), higher urinary concentration of dinotefuran (p = 0.009), and in Zero Cystatin-C group (< LOQ, n = 7), higher N-desmethyl-acetamiprid (p = 0.013), dinotefuran (p = 0.049), and thiacloprid (p = 0.035), and more complaints of chest pains, stomachache, skin eruption and diarrhea (p < 0.05) were found than in Normal Cystatin-C group (n = 78). Urinary neonicotinoids may be one of the potential risk factors for renal tubular dysfunction in this area.

scholarly journals Evaluation of flavonoids and enterolactone in overnight urine as intake biomarkers of fruits, vegetables and beverages in the Inter99 cohort study using the method of triads

2012 ◽  
Vol 108 (10) ◽  
pp. 1904-1912 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kirstine S. Krogholm ◽  
Anette Bysted ◽  
Anne Lise Brantsæter ◽  
Jette Jakobsen ◽  
Salka E. Rasmussen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Validation Study ◽  
Fruit Juice ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Spot Urine ◽  
Flavonoid Aglycones ◽  
Reference Methods

Since collection of 24 h urine samples is very time consuming and difficult to obtain, epidemiological studies typically only obtain spot urine samples. The aim of the present study was to evaluate whether flavonoids and enterolactone in overnight urine could substitute flavonoids and enterolactone in 24 h urine as an alternative and more feasible biomarker of fruit, vegetable and beverage intake. A total of 191 individuals in the Inter99 cohort in Denmark completed the validation study. Concentrations of nine urinary flavonoid aglycones (quercetin, isorhamnetin, tamarixetin, kaempferol, hesperetin, naringenin, eriodictyol, phloretin and apigenin) and enterolactone were determined in overnight and 24 h urine samples, and their validity as biomarkers of fruit, vegetable and beverage intake was evaluated in relation to two independent reference methods (Inter99 FFQ data and plasma carotenoids) by using the method of triads. The intakes of fruit, juice, vegetables and tea reported in the FFQ were reflected by the flavonoid biomarker both in overnight and 24 h urine samples. Validity coefficients for the flavonoid biomarker in overnight urine ranged from 0·39 to 0·49, while the corresponding validity coefficients for the biomarker in 24 h urine ranged from 0·43 to 0·66. Although the validity coefficients were lower for overnight urine than for the 24 h urine flavonoid biomarker, they were still of acceptable magnitude. In conclusion, the results indicate that flavonoids and enterolactone in overnight urine samples may be used as a more feasible biomarker than 24 h urine for the assessment and validation of fruit, juice, vegetable and tea intakes in epidemiological studies.

65 Evaluation of Calcium to Phosphorus Ratio in Spot Urine Samples as a Practical Method to Monitor Phosphorus Intake Adequacy in Sows

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 41-41
Author(s):  
Mariola Grez Capdeville ◽  
Tom D Crenshaw
Keyword(s):  
Physiological State ◽  
Roc Curves ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Weighted Kappa ◽  
Practical Method ◽  
Early Morning ◽  
Late Gestation ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Spot Urine ◽  
Total P

Abstract The reliability of spot urinary Ca to P ratio (uCa:P) to assess P intake adequacy in sows was evaluated. Thirty-six multiparous sows were fed one of six concentrations of dietary total P (0.40, 0.48, 0.56, 0.64, 0.72, and 0.80%), with a constant Ca to total P ratio (1.25:1), from day 7.5+1 after breeding until the end of lactation (day 26.6+1). Total 24-hour urine samples were collected in mid (day 77.1+2) and late gestation (day 112.4+1), and early (day 4.5+1 and late (day 18.2+1) lactation. In parallel to 24-hour collections, spot urine samples were collected at three times (early morning, late morning, and late afternoon) in late gestation and late lactation. Urine Ca and P concentrations were measured and uCa:P was calculated. Sows were classified as P-adequate or P-deficient according to dietary P intake. Sows fed P-deficient diets had greater uCa:P than sows fed P-adequate diets (P &lt; 0.001). Receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curves were used to determine cut-off values for uCa:P to predict P intake adequacy. The area under the ROC for uCa:P was 0.88 (95% CI 0.81–0.95). Best cut-off value of uCa:P was 1.5 (sensitivity 94% and specificity 68%) to identify sows fed P-deficient diets, and 0.5 for P-excessive diets (sensitivity 82% and specificity 82%). A strong relationship between uCa:P in 24-hour and spot urine samples was determined (r = 0.93, P &lt; 0.01), independent of physiological state and collection time of spot samples (adjusted-R2 = 0.86, P &lt; 0.01). The degree of agreement between spot and 24-hour urine for P intake adequacy, assessed by Cohen’s weighted kappa analysis, was substantial (0.78, 95% CI 0.69–0.88). Measurements of uCa:P in spot urine samples provide a reliable prediction of the adequacy of P intake in reproducing sows. Values of uCa:P &gt; 1.5 were associated with P-deficient diets, whereas uCa:P &lt; 0.5 reflected excessive P intake.

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