Epidemiological Surveillance of Rodent-Borne Viruses (Roboviruses)

In recent years, in the Russian Federation there has been an increase in the levels of radiofrequency electromagnetic fields in residential areas, including due to an increase in the number of base stations (BS). The purpose of sanitary and epidemiological surveillance at the stages of placement and commissioning of base stations (BS) is to prevent their adverse effects on public health. The increase in the number of base stations, together with the advent of new electronic equipment and antennas, provide opportunities for improving the processes of their accounting at the stage of placement and monitoring of the levels of radiofrequency electromagnetic fields at the operation stage. This automation tool can be a geo-information portal for providing sanitary and epidemiological surveillance of cellular base stations. The prototype of the geo-information portal allows both calculating the size of sanitary protection zones (SPZ) and building restriction zones (RZ) from the BS in online mode, displaying the results of calculations in graphical form and issuing sanitary and epidemiological conclusions for the placement and operation of base stations. The geo-information portal has the ability to synchronize with the data of the radio frequency center. Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing will be able to receive up-to-date analytical data. There will be completely automated processes of collecting, processing and storing information on BS.

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ON THE NEED TO SYNCHRONIZE RULES AND METHODS OF RESEARCH OF SAFETY INDICATORS OF NON-FOOD PRODUCTS IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE REQUIREMENTS OF THE TECHNICAL REGULATIONS OF THE CUSTOMS UNION

ЗДОРОВЬЕ НАСЕЛЕНИЯ И СРЕДА ОБИТАНИЯ - ЗНиСО / PUBLIC HEALTH AND LIFE ENVIRONMENT ◽

10.35627/2219-5238/2018-304-7-39-42 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 39-42

Author(s):

M.I. Chubirko ◽

O.V. Klepikov ◽

G.P. Dubova ◽

E.M. Studenikina

Keyword(s):

Food Products ◽

Measurement Methods ◽

Epidemiological Surveillance ◽

Customs Union ◽

Objective Data ◽

Safety Index ◽

Formaldehyde In Air ◽

Technical Regulations

The article considers problematic practical moments of compliance with the rules and methods of research of safety indicators of non-food products in accordance with the requirements of the Technical Regulations of the Customs Union. The authors give examples of the inconsistency of the measurement procedures presented in the lists, indicated in the lists of various technical regulations for the study of non-food products, directly affects the work of laboratories and limits their ability to conduct research. Using the example of methods for determining the concentration of formaldehyde in air extracts indicated in different technical regulations for non-food products, it is shown that in practice there are situations when the same safety index for different groups of goods is investigated according to different measurement methods. It has been shown that until now in the lists of documents in the field of standardization, containing rules and methods of research (testing) and measurements, there are methods that do not meet the sensitivity requirements specified in the same technical regulations, as well as certain documents that have become invalid. Proposals on synchronization of rules and methods for researching the safety indicators of non-food products for timely provision of sanitary and epidemiological surveillance with objective data on valid up-to-date documents have been developed.

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Investigation of ill-defined causes of death: assessment of a program's performance in a State from the Northeastern region of Brazil

Revista Brasileira de Epidemiologia ◽

10.1590/1415-790x201400010010eng ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 17 (1) ◽

pp. 119-134 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Elisabeth Barboza França ◽

Carolina Cândida da Cunha ◽

Ana Maria Nogales Vasconcelos ◽

Juan José Cortez Escalante ◽

Daisy Xavier de Abreu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Health Professionals ◽

Causes Of Death ◽

Family Health ◽

Completion Rate ◽

Epidemiological Surveillance ◽

Mortality Data ◽

Hospital Records ◽

Brazilian Government ◽

Probabilistic Sample

OBJECTIVE: The proportion of ill-defined causes of death (IDCD) was persistently high in some regions of Brazil in 2004. In 2005, the Brazilian government implemented a project in order to decrease this proportion, especially in higher priority states and municipalities. This study aimed to evaluate the performance of this project in Alagoas - a state from the Northeast region of Brazil. METHOD: We selected a probabilistic sample of 18 municipalities. For all IDCD identified in 2010, we collected the verbal autopsy (VA) questionnaires used for home investigation, and the Ministry of Health (MoH) form, which contains information about the final disease and cause of death taken from hospital records, autopsies, family health teams, and civil registry office records. The completion rate of the MoH form and VA was calculated using the number of deaths with specific causes assigned among investigated deaths. RESULTS: A total of 681 IDCD were recorded in 2010 in the sample, of which 26% had a MoH and/or VA3 forms completed. Although the majority of cases were attended by health professionals during the terminal disease, the completion rate was 45% using the MoH form and 80% when VA was performed. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings provide evidence that the training of the epidemiological surveillance teams in the investigation and certification of causes of death could contribute to improve the quality of mortality data.

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Using Benford’s law to assess the quality of COVID-19 register data in Brazil

Journal of Public Health ◽

10.1093/pubmed/fdaa193 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Lucas Silva ◽

Dalson Figueiredo Filho

Keyword(s):

Goodness Of Fit ◽

Epidemiological Surveillance ◽

Evidence Based ◽

Mean Absolute Deviation ◽

Chi Square ◽

Absolute Deviation ◽

Distortion Factor ◽

Benford Law ◽

Official Data

Abstract We employ Newcomb–Benford law (NBL) to evaluate the reliability of COVID-19 figures in Brazil. Using official data from February 25 to September 15, we apply a first digit test for a national aggregate dataset of total cases and cumulative deaths. We find strong evidence that Brazilian reports do not conform to the NBL theoretical expectations. These results are robust to different goodness of fit (chi-square, mean absolute deviation and distortion factor) and data sources (John Hopkins University and Our World in Data). Despite the growing appreciation for evidence-based-policymaking, which requires valid and reliable data, we show that the Brazilian epidemiological surveillance system fails to provide trustful data under the NBL assumption on the COVID-19 epidemic.

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Epidemiological Characteristics of Carrying Viral Hepatitis B Antigen in the Population of the Nišava District

Acta Facultatis Medicae Naissensis ◽

10.2478/afmnai-2014-0014 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 31 (2) ◽

pp. 121-128

Author(s):

Marina Kostić ◽

Biljana Kocić ◽

Nataša Rančić

Keyword(s):

Hepatitis B ◽

Health Care Providers ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Drug Users ◽

Risk Groups ◽

Epidemiological Surveillance ◽

Annual Reports ◽

Care Providers ◽

Upward Trend ◽

Epidemiological Characteristics

Summary The aim of this paper was to determine the trend of diseases and epidemiological characteristics of viral antigen carrying of hepatitis B for better implementation of prevention and control of the disease activity. The annual reports, reports of diseases - deaths from infectious diseases, epidemiological survey of the Public Health Institute (IPH) Niš were used as the material. The period from 2002 to 2011 in the Nišava District was considered. A descriptive method was used. HBsAg carrying shows an upward trend (y=15+3.27 x). Most carriers are males (57.27%), live in urban areas (98.16/ 100.000 population), average age 41.92 years old ±SD 18.59, pensioners (22.42%). 54.05% are nephrology patients (almost all retirees under the age of 60 years old). Only 15.76% were hospitalized. The data on the vaccination status are insufficient. In 5.45%, co-infection with hepatitis C virus was found. 63.33% belong to the group of patients for whom there were no data on the mode of transmission. Hemodialysis patients make 16.67%, blood donors 9.39%, 6.36% pregnant women and injecting drug users 1.21%. The upward trend of carrying, the presence of all known risk groups in the population of carrying in the Nišava District points to the need for improved epidemiological surveillance, strict application of protective measures, conducting of statutory vaccination of all categories of people exposed to particular risk of infection as well as continuing education on preventive measures of both population and health care providers.

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Influence of Selective Agents (EMJH-STAFF), Sample Filtration and pH on Leptospira Interrogans Serovar Icterohaemorrhagiae Cultivation and Isolation from Swine Urine

Veterinary Sciences ◽

10.3390/vetsci8060090 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (6) ◽

pp. 90

Author(s):

Romana Steinparzer ◽

Tamara Mair ◽

Christine Unterweger ◽

Adi Steinrigl ◽

Friedrich Schmoll

Keyword(s):

Diagnostic Tests ◽

Urine Samples ◽

Epidemiological Surveillance ◽

Leptospira Interrogans ◽

Sample Storage ◽

Clinical Specimens ◽

Negative Results ◽

Swine Urine ◽

Selective Agents ◽

Phosphate Buffered Saline

Leptospira spp. cause the zoonotic disease leptospirosis, which occurs in numerous mammalians worldwide. Isolation is still important for serotyping and genotyping of Leptospira, which in turn is essential for epidemiological surveillance of leptospirosis and the development of diagnostic tests and vaccines. However, isolation of Leptospira from clinical specimens is inherently insensitive. This study was conducted to examine the influence of selective agents, sample filtration, sample pH and the use of phosphate buffered saline (PBS) buffer for sample storage to improve the success of cultivation and isolation of Leptospira interrogans serovar Icterohaemorrhagiae from swine urine. EMJH (Ellinghausen McCullough, Johnson and Harris) medium including the selective agents sulfamethoxazole, trimethoprim, amphotericin, fosfomycin and 5-fluorouracil (STAFF) increased the success of Leptospira isolation from spiked swine urine samples. Sample filtration yielded only negative results. Isolation in EMJH-STAFF was successful from swine urine with a density as low as 104 Leptospira/mL, and urine with pH ≤ 7 impaired the cultivation rate. Cultivation and isolation were not improved by the addition of PBS to spiked urine samples prior to storage for 24 h at 4 °C. The results of the study demonstrate that cultivation and isolation of leptospires from swine urine can be improved by enhanced methods.

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What Did Angola Learn from the World and What Did the World Learn from COVID-19? Reflection on Epidemiological Surveillance in Health

Journal of Health Management ◽

10.1177/0972063420983609 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 22 (4) ◽

pp. 528-540

Author(s):

Euclides Nenga Manuel Sacomboio

Keyword(s):

Critical Thinking ◽

Critical Analysis ◽

Epidemiological Surveillance ◽

Professional Experience ◽

State Of Emergency ◽

The World ◽

History Of ◽

The Government ◽

Scientific Reflection ◽

Epidemiological Situation

The global community is racing to slow down and eventually stop the spread of COVID-19, which is a pandemic that has killed thousands of lives and made tens of thousands sick. The new coronavirus has already reached Angola, with 25 confirmed cases, among them 2 died and 6 were cured. The government has decreed a state of emergency on 24 March 2020 for 15 days, which was extended twice for the same number of days that will make it possible to reduce clusters of people and keep them at home. This study reflected on the diverse ways of leadership. It is an article of theoretical, technical and scientific reflection, based on the experience of a new epidemiological situation, with a critical analysis based on technical, scientific and professional experience, with bibliographic input of data obtained from information published in scientific articles, newspapers, magazines and other official documents published in Angola and worldwide related to COVID-19. This article emerged from critical thinking based on the current situation of COVID-19 in Angola in the world and is reflected in this article, what Angola should learn and learned from the experience of other countries that also imported the disease, their history of investment in health, characteristics of their populations, their economies and other aspects.

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High-resolution melting PCR assay as a powerful tool for the epidemiological surveillance of tularemia in Western Europe

Infection Genetics and Evolution ◽

10.1016/j.meegid.2021.104741 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 90 ◽

pp. 104741

Author(s):

Maëllys Kevin ◽

Guillaume Girault ◽

Yvan Caspar ◽

Moulay Ali Cherfa ◽

Christiane Mendy ◽

...

Keyword(s):

High Resolution ◽

Western Europe ◽

High Resolution Melting ◽

Epidemiological Surveillance ◽

Pcr Assay

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Epidemiological surveillance and performance assessment: the two roles of health indicators during the COVID-19 pandemic

International Journal of Law in Context ◽

10.1017/s1744552321000276 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 17 (2) ◽

pp. 186-203

Author(s):

Nathan Genicot

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Performance Assessment ◽

Health Indicators ◽

Health Policies ◽

Epidemiological Surveillance ◽

Public Health Policies ◽

History Of ◽

And Performance ◽

The One ◽

Massive Development

AbstractThe COVID-19 pandemic has given rise to the massive development and use of health indicators. Drawing on the history of international public health and of the management of infectious disease, this paper attempts to show that the normative power acquired by metrics during the pandemic can be understood in light of two rationales: epidemiological surveillance and performance assessment. On the one hand, indicators are established to evaluate and rank countries’ responses to the outbreak; on the other, the evolution of indicators has a direct influence on the content of public health policies. Although quantitative data are an absolute necessity for coping with such disasters, it is critical to bear in mind the inherent partiality and precarity of the information provided by health indicators. Given the growing importance of normative quantitative devices during the pandemic, and assuming that their influence is unlikely to decrease in the future, they call for close scrutiny.

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