Examining the Endogenous Antioxidant Response Through Immunofluorescent Analysis of Nrf2 in Tissue

Changes in plasma endogenous and dietary antioxidants and oxidative stress markers were studied following two 90 min elite female soccer games separated by 72 h of either active or passive recovery. The active recovery group (n 8) trained for 1 h at 22 and 46 h after the first game (low-intensity cycling and resistance training), while the passive group rested (n 8). Blood samples were taken before the games; immediately after the games; 21, 45 and 69 h after the first game; and immediately after the second game. The oxidative stress markers and antioxidants were not affected by active recovery. The oxidative stress marker GSSG increased by the same extent after both the games, while the lipid peroxidation marker diacron-reactive oxygen metabolite remained unchanged. The endogenous antioxidants total glutathione and uric acid and ferric reducing/antioxidant power increased immediately after both the games with the same amplitude, while increases in cysteine, cysteine–glycine and total thiols reached significant levels only after the second game. The changes in dietary antioxidants after the first game were either rapid and persistent (tocopherols and ascorbic acid (AA) increased; polyphenols decreased) or delayed (carotenoids). This resulted in high pre-second game levels of tocopherols, AA and carotenoids. Polyphenols returned to baseline at 69 h, and were not affected by the second game. In conclusion, the soccer-associated dietary antioxidant defence, but not the endogenous antioxidant defence, is persistent. Similar acute oxidative stress and endogenous antioxidant responses and dissimilar dietary antioxidant reactions occur during two repeated female soccer games. Finally, the complex antioxidant response to soccer is not affected by active recovery training.

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Post-Exercise Ketosis, Salivary Uric Acid and Interleukin-6 after a Simulated Wheelchair Basketball Match

Endocrine Metabolic & Immune Disorders - Drug Targets ◽

10.2174/1871530321999210111202724 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 ◽

Author(s):

Anna Raguzzini ◽

Elisabetta Toti ◽

Marco Bernardi ◽

Fabio Castellucci ◽

Valentina Cavedon ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Uric Acid ◽

Antioxidant Response ◽

Dietary Habit ◽

Dietary Intakes ◽

Wheelchair Basketball ◽

Post Exercise ◽

National Team ◽

Total Antioxidant ◽

Endogenous Antioxidant ◽

Basal Energy Expenditure

Background:: Interleukin (IL)-6, total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and uric acid (UA) increase after exercise in able-bodied individuals. Wheelchair Basketball Athletes (WBA), having low muscle mass, could be at risk of post-exercise ketosis. Objective:: This study aimed to evaluate the post-exercise ketosis, IL-6 and antioxidant response, in WBA of the Italian National team, after a simulated match. Methods:: Dietary intakes, Starvation Symptoms Inventory (SSI), percentage of fat mass (FM%) and basal Respiratory Exchange Ratio (RER) and Basal Energy Expenditure (BEE), were evaluated. Salivary TAC, UA and IL-6 were measured: before (PreM), at the end (EM) and 20 minutes after (PostM) the match. Capillary glucose and β-hydroxybutyrate (βHB) were monitored. Percentage of Heart Rate Reserve (%HRR) was measured to evaluate exercise intensity. Results:: WBA had low carbohydrates (43.5% of daily energy intake (En)) and high fat (36.3% En) intakes. The increase in UA at PostM correlated with En (0.810, p<0.01) and was inversely related to βHB at EM (-0.719, p<0.05). Furthermore, at PostM growing IL-6 levels correlated with BEE (0.778, p<0.05) and inversely related to FM% (-0.762, p<0.5) were found, which in turn was correlated to SSI (0.781, p<0.05). Also βHB PostM correlated with SSI (0.761, p<0.05) but was inversely related to RER (-0.745, p<.05) and En (-0.826, p<0.01). Conclusions:: Our study suggests that some WBA should improve their dietary habit in order to prevent post-exercise ketosis and ameliorate the endogenous antioxidant response after exercise.

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Larrea tridentata and its biological activities

Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry ◽

10.2174/1568026621666210727170908 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 ◽

Author(s):

Karen Y. Reyes-Melo ◽

Adrián A. Galván-Rodrigo ◽

Isaí E. Martínez-Olivo ◽

Guillermo Núñez-Mojica ◽

Francisco G. Ávalos-Alanís ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activities ◽

Biological Activities ◽

Nordihydroguaiaretic Acid ◽

Antioxidant Response ◽

Larrea Tridentata ◽

Related Factor ◽

Oxygen Species ◽

Traditional Uses ◽

Organic Extracts ◽

Endogenous Antioxidant

Background: Larrea tridentata is a dominant shrub in the deserts of North America and is recognized for its various traditional uses. More than 50 traditional uses have been recorded. Regarding its chemical composition, the products of the mevalonate, shikimate, and malonate pathways are predominant. L. tridentata has nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA), one of its most studied secondary metabolites that exhibited remarkable different biological activities: sequestration of reactive oxygen species, inhibition of lipoxygenases (LOX) and activation of the endogenous antioxidant response mediated by nuclear factor erythroid 2–related factor 2 (NRF2). Objective and Methods: This review seeks to draw attention to metabolites other than NDGA and which also contribute to the various biological activities of L. tridentata. Therefore, the present review includes those reports focused on the pharmacological properties of the organic extracts of L. tridentata and its natural products with promising values. Results and Conclusion: Among the most promising and widely reported metabolites from L. tridentata, are: 3’-demethoxy-6-O-demethylisoguaiacin, 3’-O-methylnordihydroguiaretic acid, meso-dihydroguaiaretic acid, and tetra-O-methylnorhydroguiaretic acid. These have been reported to exhibit antibacterial, antiprotozoal, anthelmintic, antifungal, antiviral, anticancer, and antioxidant activities.

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Skeletal Protection and Promotion of Microbiome Diversity by Dietary Boosting of the Endogenous Antioxidant Response

Journal of Bone and Mineral Research ◽

10.1002/jbmr.4231 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Amy Y Sato ◽

Gretel G Pellegrini ◽

Meloney Cregor ◽

Kevin McAndrews ◽

Roy B Choi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Response ◽

Microbiome Diversity ◽

Endogenous Antioxidant

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N-Phenyl Cinnamamide Derivatives Protect Hepatocytes against Oxidative Stress by Inducing Cellular Glutathione Synthesis via Nuclear Factor (Erythroid-Derived 2)-Like 2 Activation

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules26041027 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 26 (4) ◽

pp. 1027

Author(s):

Sou Hyun Kim ◽

Minwoo Kim ◽

Doyoung Kwon ◽

Jae Sung Pyo ◽

Joo Hyun Kim ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Target Genes ◽

Cell Injury ◽

Antioxidant Response ◽

Luciferase Reporter ◽

Dependent Manner ◽

Nuclear Factor ◽

Quinone Oxidoreductase ◽

Concentration Dependent Manner ◽

Endogenous Antioxidant ◽

Antioxidative Therapy

Substituted N-phenyl cinnamamide derivatives were designed and synthesized to confirm activation of nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2) pathway by the electronic effect on beta-position of Michael acceptor according to introducing the R1 and R2 group. Compounds were screened using the Nrf2/antioxidant response element (ARE)-driven luciferase reporter assay. Compound 1g showed desirable luciferase activity in HepG2 cells without cell toxicity. mRNA and protein expression of Nrf2/ARE target genes such as NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase 1, hemeoxygenase-1, and glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit (GCLC) were upregulated by compound 1g in a concentration-dependent manner. Treatment with 1g resulted in increased endogenous antioxidant glutathione, showing strong correlation with enhanced GCLC expression for synthesis of glutathione. In addition, tert-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BHP)-generated reactive oxygen species were significantly removed by 1g, and the results of a cell survival assay in a t-BHP-induced oxidative cell injury model showed a cytoprotective effect of 1g in a concentration dependent manner. In conclusion, the novel compound 1g can be utilized as an Nrf2/ARE activator in antioxidative therapy.

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Bactris Setosa Mart. (Tucum-do-cerrado) Aqueous Extract Increases Growth and Viability in Saccharomyces Cerevisiae BY4741 and YAP1Δ Under Stress Caused by Menadione and Hydrogen Peroxide

10.21203/rs.3.rs-350535/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Renata Silva ◽

Élida Geralda Campos

Keyword(s):

Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽

Hydrogen Peroxide ◽

Cell Growth ◽

Aqueous Extract ◽

Antioxidant Response ◽

Yeast Cells ◽

Stressed Cells ◽

Cell Growth And Viability ◽

Endogenous Antioxidant ◽

Colony Survival

Abstract Yeast cells from Saccharomyces cerevisiae can increase endogenous antioxidant response when stressed to prevent cell death. YAP1 is a transcription factor responsible to activate genes that encoding antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase and catalase and can be an important key to protect these cells. Tucum-do-cerrado (Bactris setosa Mart.) is a Brazilian fruit rich in polyphenols and bioactive compounds mainly found in the peel. This study investigated cell growth and viability using S. cerevisiae wild type and yap1∆ strains exposed to tucum-do-cerrado peel aqueous extract and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and menadione induced oxidative stress. Yeast cells from BY4741 and yap1∆ were exposed to different concentrations of tucum extract, menadione and hydrogen peroxide separated and together in mixed groups for 20h and measured for growth curve. For colony survival yeast cells were exposed to these compounds for 72h in ágar plates and colonies were counted. Results showed that aqueous extract of tucum-do-cerrado was capable to recover BY4741 density of cells stressed with both menadione and H2O2 but not for yap1∆ strain. Besides, higher concentrations of the extract demonstrated a delay in cell growth. Colony survival showed that the exposition to tucum extract resulted in colony recover in BY4741 yeast cells but not for mutant yap1∆ strains which maintained low viability even with high extract concentration. In conclusion, despite S. cerevisiae antioxidant response to menadione and H2O2 is different, the protection afforded by tucum extract in H2O2 stressed cells, is probably through an YAP1 pathway.

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Blueberry containing diets protect from bone loss induced by sex steroid deficiency differently depending on sex and by mechanisms independent of canonical sex steroid receptor signaling

Proceedings of IMPRS ◽

10.18060/22716 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

Author(s):

O R Johnson ◽

A Y Sato ◽

G G Pellegrini ◽

M Cregor ◽

K McAndrews ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bone Loss ◽

Bone Microarchitecture ◽

Control Diet ◽

Antioxidant Properties ◽

Unmet Need ◽

Antioxidant Response ◽

Sex Steroid ◽

Mineral Density ◽

Response Element ◽

Endogenous Antioxidant

Background and Hypothesis: There is an unmet need for interventions that prevent bone loss induced by sex steroid deficiency. Loss of estrogens or androgens increases ROS in bone. We hypothesized that diets containing blueberries with antioxidant properties would protect from bone loss induced by sex steroid deficiency, depending on sex and on the expression of Nrf2, a transcription factor that regulates the endogenous antioxidant response. Experimental Design: SHAM, ovariectomized (OVX), or orchidectomized (ORX) 4-month-old, wild type (WT) or Nrf2 knockout (KO) male and female mice were fed with control diet or diets containing 3 types of blueberries. Bone mineral density (BMD) and bone microarchitecture were measured by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry and microscopic computed tomography, respectively; and gene expression was quantified in bone RNA by quantitative PCR. Results: Control-fed OVX or ORX mice exhibited the expected BMD loss, to a similar extent, in WT and KO mice. One of the blueberry diets (Montgomery) prevented bone loss, totally in females and partially in males; and prevented ~50% of microarchitecture deterioration in ORX mice, independently of Nrf2 expression. OVX and ORX decreased expression of estrogen-response-element gene C3 or androgen-response-element gene Rhox5, respectively, in both WT and KO mice fed control or Montgomery diets, indicating that bone protection is not due to estrogenic/androgenic actions of the diet. Conclusion and Potential Impact: Montgomery diet prevented bone loss due to sex steroid deficiency fully in females and partially in males. Thus, optimal skeletal benefits might be achieved by tailoring antioxidant-rich diets to patients of either sex.

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Rice protein stimulates endogenous antioxidant response attributed to methionine availability in growing rats

Journal of Food Biochemistry ◽

10.1111/jfbc.13180 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 44 (5) ◽

Author(s):

Zhengxuan Wang ◽

Liang Cai ◽

Hui Li ◽

Mingcai Liang ◽

Yan Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Response ◽

Rice Protein ◽

Growing Rats ◽

Endogenous Antioxidant

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Liver macrophages inhibit the endogenous antioxidant response in obesity-associated insulin resistance

Science Translational Medicine ◽

10.1126/scitranslmed.aaw9709 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (532) ◽

pp. eaaw9709 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Valerio Azzimato ◽

Jennifer Jager ◽

Ping Chen ◽

Cecilia Morgantini ◽

Laura Levi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Insulin Resistance ◽

Liver Disease ◽

Lipid Accumulation ◽

Therapeutic Potential ◽

Antioxidant Response ◽

Related Factor ◽

Liver Macrophages ◽

Endogenous Antioxidant ◽

Nrf2 Protein

Obesity and insulin resistance are risk factors for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), the most common chronic liver disease worldwide. Because no approved medication nor an accurate and noninvasive diagnosis is currently available for NAFLD, there is a clear need to better understand the link between obesity and NAFLD. Lipid accumulation during obesity is known to be associated with oxidative stress and inflammatory activation of liver macrophages (LMs). However, we show that although LMs do not become proinflammatory during obesity, they display signs of oxidative stress. In livers of both humans and mice, antioxidant nuclear factor erythroid 2–related factor 2 (NRF2) was down-regulated with obesity and insulin resistance, yielding an impaired response to lipid accumulation. At the molecular level, a microRNA-targeting NRF2 protein, miR-144, was elevated in the livers of obese insulin-resistant humans and mice, and specific silencing of miR-144 in murine and human LMs was sufficient to restore NRF2 protein expression and the antioxidant response. These results highlight the pathological role of LMs and their therapeutic potential to restore the impaired endogenous antioxidant response in obesity-associated NAFLD.

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Inflammatory reaction without endogenous antioxidant response in Caco-2 cells exposed to iron/ascorbate-mediated lipid peroxidation

AJP Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajpgi.00042.2003 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 285 (5) ◽

pp. G898-G906 ◽

Cited By ~ 36

Author(s):

Sandra Bernotti ◽

Ernest Seidman ◽

Daniel Sinnett ◽

Sylvain Brunet ◽

Serge Dionne ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lipid Peroxidation ◽

Inflammatory Response ◽

Glutathione Transferase ◽

Intestinal Epithelial Cells ◽

Saturated Fatty Acids ◽

Antioxidant Response ◽

Intestinal Epithelial ◽

Fatty Acid Proportion ◽

Endogenous Antioxidant

To characterize the role of intestinal epithelial cells in mucosal host defense, we have examined endogenous antioxidant reactivity and inflammatory response in Caco-2 cell line. When differentiated Caco-2 cells were incubated with iron/ascorbate for 1–24 h, they exhibited increased malondialdehyde levels and decreased polyunsaturated fatty acid proportion in favor of saturated fatty acids. These modifications were accompanied with alterations in membrane fluidity and permeability. The oxidative stress did not induce changes in the antioxidant enzyme activity of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione transferase, or in cellular glutathione content. However, iron/ascorbate-mediated lipid peroxidation promoted inhibitor-κB degradation and NF-κB activation, as well as gave rise to IL-8, cyclooxygenase-2, and ICAM-1. These results support the importance of oxidant/antioxidant balance in the epithelial cell inflammatory response.

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