Minimal Component-Hypertrees

2019 ◽  
pp. 276-287 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandre Morimitsu ◽  
Wonder Alexandre Luz Alves ◽  
Dennis Jose Silva ◽  
Charles Ferreira Gobber ◽  
Ronaldo Fumio Hashimoto
Keyword(s):  
Minimal Component

Problems of placing boundaries on ecological continua - options for a workable national rainforest definition in Australia

2000 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 511 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. J. Lynch ◽  
V. J. Neldner
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Vegetation Type ◽  
Conservation Strategy ◽  
Mixed Forests ◽  
Minimal Component ◽  
Closed Canopy ◽  
Successional Stages ◽  
National Perspective ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Floristic Characteristics

Options for a new definition of, and key for, rainforest in Australia are provided. The definitions take a national perspective, and are based on the ecological characteristics of rainforest species and some structural and floristic characteristics. Rainforest plant species are defined as those adapted to regenerating under low-light conditions experienced under the closed canopy or in localised gaps caused by recurring disturbances which are part of the natural rainforest ecosystem, and are not dependent on fire for successful regeneration. Three definitions are provided which differ in the extent of inclusion of transitional and seral communities. The first definition recognises communities such as mixed forests as transitional to rainforests and therefore as separate communities. The second definition includes a minimal component of emergent non-rainforest species in rainforest in the recognition that the main floristic component and functioning of the communities cannot be distinguished. The third definition includes the late successional stages of transitional and seral communities in rainforest on the presumption that such communities include non-rainforest species which are close to senescence, and that these communities are essential for the long-term conservation of rainforest in areas where rainforest is vulnerable and subject to major disturbance, particularly by fire. The first definition is concluded to be the least ambiguous and arbitrary, and enables a consistent approach to rainforest management. Recognition of mixed forests as a distinctive and mappable vegetation type should be incorporated in a comprehensive conservation strategy inclusive of all ecosystem developmental stages.

Shotgun Sequencing Small Oligonucleotides by Nozzle-Skimmer Dissociation and Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry

2005 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 221-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhaojing Meng ◽  
Patrick A. Limbach
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Electrospray Ionization ◽  
Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry ◽  
De Novo ◽  
De Novo Sequencing ◽  
Ionization Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Ionization Mass ◽  
Minimal Component ◽  
Rapid Characterization ◽  
Sequential Generation

Nozzle-skimmer dissociation in combination with de novo sequencing was investigated as an approach for increasing the throughput of oligonucleotide analysis attainable by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. An experimental method allowing for the sequential generation of precursor and fragment ion data during direct infusion of samples was developed. These data can then be used with readily available de novo sequencing software to characterize small oligonucleotides. When this approach was applied to mixtures of oligonucleotides, it was found that de novo sequencing becomes limited due to spectral congestion and overlapping oligonucleotide m/z dissociation product values. Self-packed C18 microspray emitters were investigated as a means of reducing spectral complexity. It was found that such emitters allow for the analysis of oligonucleotide mixtures with minimal component overlap, and these emitters provide additional benefits of pre-concentrating and desalting the sample. These developments can provide a route for the more rapid characterization of ribonucleic acid endonuclease digestion mixtures.

In Situ Higher-Time Derivative of Temperature Sensors for Aerospace Heat Transfer

2011 ◽  
Vol 339 ◽  
pp. 53-58
Author(s):  
Man Guo Huang ◽  
Byran S. Elkins ◽  
Jay I. Frankel
Keyword(s):  
Time Derivative ◽  
Lag Time ◽  
Temperature Sensors ◽  
Analytic Model ◽  
Thermocouple Calibration ◽  
Minimal Component ◽  
Delay Times ◽  
Accuracy And Repeatability ◽  
Derivatives Of

This paper presents a novel sensor that delivers, in combination with a thermocouple calibration curve, higher-time derivatives of temperature. This paper provides motivation for developing such a sensor, presents the salient and poignant features of the initial design and processes required for arriving at the sensor while incurring minimal component delay times (lag time), and displays preliminary predictions using an experimental thermocouple drop facility that allows for comparison with an analytic model. The presented results are highly encouraging for stability, accuracy and repeatability.

Current-Mode nth-Order Filter Based on a Minimal Component

2016 ◽  
Vol 25 (05) ◽  
pp. 1650035 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meili Cao ◽  
Haizhen He ◽  
Hairong Lin ◽  
Hao Peng ◽  
Bohui Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Circuit ◽  
Experimental Tests ◽  
Current Mode ◽  
Third Order ◽  
Order Filter ◽  
Minimal Component ◽  
Low Pass ◽  
Band Pass ◽  
Hp Filter ◽  
High Pass

In this paper, a new active current-mode (CM) minimal component, cascaded current differencing unit (CCDU) and a CM nth-order filter based on the CCDU have been presented. The proposed CCDU simplifies the design of the CM nth-order filter circuit considerably. The proposed nth-order circuit, which adopts only an active component and n grounded capacitors, can simultaneously realize low-pass (LP), band-pass (BP) and high-pass (HP) filter responses. It enjoys the simple configuration and is suitable for integrated circuit (IC) fabrication. PSPICE simulations and experimental tests for CM third-order filter based on this structure have also been conducted and the results have good agreement with the theoretical analysis.

scholarly journals Maximal aerobic speed as prior reference point skills fitness capacities among elite male volleyball players

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 160-166
Author(s):  
M. Zerf ◽  
L. Louglaib
Keyword(s):  
Motor Skills ◽  
Reference Point ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Motor Abilities ◽  
Test Tool ◽  
Essential Components ◽  
Anaerobic Energy ◽  
Maximal Aerobic Speed ◽  
Minimal Component ◽  
Volleyball Players

Purpose . Maximal aerobic speed (MAS) levels are a prior reference point in the optimal management of effort parameters motor skills-related fitness. Typically indicated in sports literariness by improving the aerobic components that work to develop muscle flexibility, coordination of joint movements, the increase of speed and strength, which their developments advance the overall physical condition of the players. Methods . To solve the objective of this research, we establish the MAS levels of 60 elite male volleyball players (aged 22 to 25 years, ±5 years in elite championships). As well as their motor skill-related fitness, inspected by 20m speed, T-test agility and power strength volleyball test jumps (vertical or horizontal). Results . Our results confirm maximal aerobic speed (MAS) values as essential components for the player to achieve high performance under high explosive loads. Upkeep by our protocol to be advanced at MSA upper than 3.99 (m/s). Suspected as a variation of effort energy consumption. Explained by similarity through different resistance player capacities relative to its biomechanical particular gesture activity improvements or its movement technique optimized to his boundary conditions. Conclusions . Our protocol supports MAS levels (MAS) as an excellent test to evaluate the development of motor abilities in masculine volleyball. Upkeep by our protocol to be developed at MSA +3.99 (m/s). Claims as a minimal component of the conditioning to improve the motor volleyball skill-fitness ability. Subjected in this study as an easy volleyball-test tool to predict players' speed, agility, coordination and power developments. Challenging our trainers to access the player's anaerobic energy as a pointer of players’ physical capacity skills fitness progress.

scholarly journals Mobile element warfare via CRISPR and anti-CRISPR in Pseudomonas aeruginosa

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lina M. Leon ◽  
Allyson E. Park ◽  
Adair L. Borges ◽  
Jenny Y. Zhang ◽  
Joseph Bondy-Denomy
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Dna Binding ◽  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Mobile Element ◽  
Type I ◽  
Component Type ◽  
Minimal Component ◽  
New Type ◽  
Binding Mechanisms

SUMMARYBacteria deploy multiple defense mechanisms to prevent the invasion of mobile genetic elements (MGEs). CRISPR-Cas systems use RNA-guided nucleases to target MGEs, which in turn produce anti-CRISPR (Acr) proteins that inactivate Cas protein effectors. The minimal component Type I-C CRISPR-Cas subtype is highly prevalent in bacteria, and yet a lack of a tractable in vivo model system has slowed its study, the identification of cognate Acr proteins, and thus our understanding of its true role in nature. Here, we describe MGE-MGE conflict between a mobile Pseudomonas aeruginosa Type I-C CRISPR-Cas system always encoded on pKLC102-like conjugative elements, which are large mobile islands, and seven new Type I-C anti-CRISPRs (AcrIF2*, AcrIC3-IC8) encoded by phages, other mobile islands, and transposons. The P. aeruginosa Type I-C system possesses a total of 300 non-redundant spacers (from 980 spacers total) across the 42 genomes analyzed, predominantly targeting P. aeruginosa phages. Of the seven new Type I-C anti-CRISPRs, all but one are highly acidic, and four have surprisingly broad inhibition activity, blocking multiple distantly related P. aeruginosa Type I CRISPR system subtypes (e.g. I-C and I-F, or I-C and I-E), including AcrIF2 (now, AcrIF2*), a previously described DNA mimic. Anti-type I-C activity of AcrIF2* was far more sensitive to mutagenesis of acidic residues in AcrIF2* than anti-type I-F activity, suggesting distinct binding mechanisms for this highly negatively charged protein. Five of the seven Acr proteins block DNA-binding, while the other two act downstream of DNA-binding, likely by preventing Cas3 recruitment or activity. For one such Cas3 inhibitor (AcrIC3), we identify a novel anti-CRISPR evasion strategy: a cas3-cas8 gene fusion, which also occurs in nature. Collectively, the Type I-C CRISPR spacer diversity and corresponding anti-CRISPR response, all occurring on Pseudomonas MGEs, demonstrates an active co-evolutionary battle between parasitic elements.

scholarly journals Aperiodic substitution systems and their Bratteli diagrams

2009 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. BEZUGLYI ◽  
J. KWIATKOWSKI ◽  
K. MEDYNETS
Keyword(s):  
Dynamical Systems ◽  
Finite Rank ◽  
Bratteli Diagram ◽  
Bratteli Diagrams ◽  
Substitution Dynamical Systems ◽  
Substitution System ◽  
Minimal Component

AbstractWe study aperiodic substitution dynamical systems arising from non-primitive substitutions. We prove that the Vershik homeomorphism φ of a stationary ordered Bratteli diagram is topologically conjugate to an aperiodic substitution system if and only if no restriction of φ to a minimal component is conjugate to an odometer. We also show that every aperiodic substitution system generated by a substitution with nesting property is conjugate to the Vershik map of a stationary ordered Bratteli diagram. It is proved that every aperiodic substitution system is recognizable. The classes of m-primitive substitutions and derivative substitutions associated with them are studied. We discuss also the notion of expansiveness for Cantor dynamical systems of finite rank.

Standard Database Format for the Dissemination and Storage of Diffraction Data - Task Group Progress Report on JCAMP-DX

1989 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 417-422
Author(s):  
G.P. Hamill ◽  
R. Jenkins ◽  
W.N. Schreiner
Keyword(s):  
Diffraction Data ◽  
Task Group ◽  
Storage Device ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Standard Format ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Data Owner ◽  
Minimal Component ◽  
Media Storage ◽  
And Storage

AbstractIn planning for PDF-3, the International Centre for Diffraction Data's full pattern database of raw diffraction data, it is evident that a standard format for storage and exchange of diffraction data is necessary. An evaluation of the JCAMP-DX protocol by a task group* of the International Centre for Diffraction Data has resulted in a set of format cooes specific to X-ray diffraction. The proposed structure of the data is divided into four parts: the minimal component set required by the JCAMP-DX definition (name, data, owner, sample identification, data type, etc.), a minimum item set required to define the X-ray diffraction data, an open selection of requested but not required information on the sample, its preparation and the instrument, and finally the data itself in one of several specified formats. All information stored in JCAMP-DX format is in ASCII characters. Therefore, these data are printable, easily read by the user and compatible with almost any computer or media storage device. Codes defining the information are primarily in shortened, but readable, English. The task group is completing the work on this project and will be presenting its proposals to JCAMP.

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