Nanomaterials: Scope, Applications, and Challenges in Agriculture and Soil Reclamation

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. M. Salem Attia ◽  
N. I. Elsheery
Keyword(s):  
Soil Reclamation

scholarly journals Sludge amendment accelerating reclamation process of reconstructed mining substrates

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan Li ◽  
Ningning Yin ◽  
Ruiwei Xu ◽  
Liping Wang ◽  
Zhen Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Structure ◽  
Aggregate Stability ◽  
Soil Aggregate ◽  
Soil Reclamation ◽  
Soil Restoration ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Soil Aggregate Stability ◽  
Mining Soil ◽  
Positive Correlations ◽  
Reclamation Process

AbstractWe constructed a mining soil restoration system combining plant, complex substrate and microbe. Sludge was added to reconstructed mine substrates (RMS) to accelerate the reclamation process. The effect of sludge on plant growth, microbial activity, soil aggregate stability, and aggregation-associated soil characteristics was monitored during 10 years of reclamation. Results show that the height and total biomass of ryegrass increases with reclamation time. Sludge amendment increases the aggregate binding agent content and soil aggregate stability. Soil organic carbon (SOC) and light-fraction SOC (LFOC) in the RMS increase by 151% and 247% compared with those of the control, respectively. A similar trend was observed for the glomalin-related soil protein (GRSP). Stable soil aggregate indexes increase until the seventh year. In short, the variables of RMS determined after 3–7 years insignificantly differ from those of the untreated sample in the tenth-year. Furthermore, significant positive correlations between the GRSP and SOC and GRSP and soil structure-related variables were observed in RMS. Biological stimulation of the SOC and GRSP accelerates the recovery of the soil structure and ecosystem function. Consequently, the plant–complex substrate–microbe ecological restoration system can be used as an effective tool in early mining soil reclamation.

scholarly journals Dynamics of the soil respiration response to soil reclamation in a coastal wetland

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiliang Song ◽  
Yihao Zhu ◽  
Weifeng Chen
Keyword(s):  
Soil Respiration ◽  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Soil Carbon ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Coastal Wetlands ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Soil Reclamation ◽  
Diurnal Changes ◽  
Seasonal Scale ◽  
Study Sites

AbstractThe soil carbon (C) pools in coastal wetlands are known as “blue C” and have been damaged extensively owing to climate change and land reclamation. Because soil respiration (RS) is the primary mechanism through which soil carbon is released into the atmosphere at a global scale, investigating the dynamic characteristics of the soil respiration rate in reclaimed coastal wetlands is necessary to understand its important role in maintaining the global C cycle. In the present study, seasonal and diurnal changes in soil respiration were monitored in one bare wetland (CK) and two reclaimed wetlands (CT, a cotton monoculture pattern, and WM, a wheat–maize continuous cropping pattern) in the Yellow River Delta. At the diurnal scale, the RS at the three study sites displayed single-peak curves, with the lowest values occurring at midnight (00:00 a.m.) and the highest values occurring at midday (12:00 a.m.). At the seasonal scale, the mean diurnal RS of the CK, CT and WM in April was 0.24, 0.26 and 0.79 μmol CO2 m−2 s−1, and it increased to a peak in August for these areas. Bare wetland conversion to croplands significantly elevated the soil organic carbon (SOC) pool. The magnitude of the RS was significantly different at the three sites, and the yearly total amounts of CO2 efflux were 375, 513 and 944 g CO2·m−2 for the CK, CT and WM, respectively. At the three study sites, the surface soil temperature had a significant and positive relationship to the RS at both the diurnal and seasonal scales, and it accounted for 20–52% of the seasonal variation in the daytime RS. The soil water content showed a significant but negative relationship to the RS on diurnal scale only at the CK site, while it significantly increased with the RS on seasonal scale at all study sites. Although the RS showed a noticeable relationship to the combination of soil temperature and water content, the synergic effects of these two environment factors were not much higher than the individual effects. In addition, the correlation analysis showed that the RS was also influenced by the soil physico-chemical properties and that the soil total nitrogen had a closer positive relationship to the RS than the other nutrients, indicating that the soil nitrogen content plays a more important role in promoting carbon loss.

scholarly journals Nitrate leaching and NH3 volatilization during soil reclamation in the Yellow River Delta, China

2021 ◽  
pp. 117330
Author(s):  
Wei Zhu ◽  
Jingsong Yang ◽  
Rongjiang Yao ◽  
Xiangping Wang ◽  
Wenping Xie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrate Leaching ◽  
Yellow River ◽  
Yellow River Delta ◽  
River Delta ◽  
Soil Reclamation ◽  
The Yellow River ◽  
Nh3 Volatilization ◽  
The Yellow River Delta

scholarly journals Sewage sludge application enhances soil properties and rice growth in a salt-affected mudflat soil

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuhua Shan ◽  
Min Lv ◽  
Wengang Zuo ◽  
Zehui Tang ◽  
Cheng Ding ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Root Growth ◽  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Soil Reclamation ◽  
Rice Growth ◽  
Promote Plant Growth

AbstractThe most important measures for salt-affected mudflat soil reclamation are to reduce salinity and to increase soil organic carbon (OC) content and thus soil fertility. Salinity reduction is often accomplished through costly freshwater irrigation by special engineering measures. Whether fertility enhancement only through one-off application of a great amount of OC can improve soil properties and promote plant growth in salt-affected mudflat soil remains unclear. Therefore, the objective of our indoor pot experiment was to study the effects of OC amendment at 0, 0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5%, and 2.5%, calculated from carbon content, by one-off application of sewage sludge on soil properties, rice yield, and root growth in salt-affected mudflat soil under waterlogged conditions. The results showed that the application of sewage sludge promoted soil fertility by reducing soil pH and increasing content of OC, nitrogen and phosphorus in salt-affected mudflat soil, while soil electric conductivity (EC) increased with increasing sewage sludge (SS) application rates under waterlogged conditions. In this study, the rice growth was not inhibited by the highest EC of 4.43 dS m−1 even at high doses of SS application. The SS application increased yield of rice, promoted root growth, enhanced root activity and root flux activity, and increased the soluble sugar and amino acid content in the bleeding sap of rice plants at the tillering, jointing, and maturity stages. In conclusion, fertility enhancement through organic carbon amendment can “offset” the adverse effects of increased salinity and promote plant growth in salt-affected mudflat soil under waterlogged conditions.

Assessing solid waste compost application as a practical approach for salt-affected soil reclamation

2011 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 284-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdelbasset Lakhdar ◽  
Chokri Hafsi ◽  
Ahmed Debez ◽  
Francesco Montemurro ◽  
Naceur Jedidi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solid Waste ◽  
Practical Approach ◽  
Soil Reclamation ◽  
Salt Affected Soil ◽  
Compost Application

Nitrogen availability from peat amendments used in boreal oil sands reclamation

2010 ◽  
Vol 90 (1) ◽  
pp. 165-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
S S Hemstock ◽  
S A Quideau ◽  
D S Chanasyk
Keyword(s):  
Soil Nitrogen ◽  
Seasonal Variability ◽  
Oil Sands ◽  
Nitrogen Availability ◽  
Organic N ◽  
Soil Reclamation ◽  
Microbial Biomass N ◽  
Net Nitrification ◽  
Resin Core ◽  
Net Mineralization

Following surface mining, peat is typically used as an organic amendment to cap reconstructed soils in the Athabasca oil sands region of Alberta. Yet, very little is known about its ability to provide available nitrogen (N) in these soils. Hence, the overall objective of this study was to measure soil nitrogen (N) availability throughout the year in five peat amendments. Specific objectives were: (1) to examine seasonal variability in soil labile N pool sizes (nitrate, ammonium, dissolved organic N, and microbial biomass N), and (2) to determine in situ net nitrification, ammonification, and mineralization rates using the resin-core technique. Results from this field incubation method indicated a strong seasonal variability in net mineralization rates, with maximum positive values in the fall, and low or negative rates in winter. Net ammonification rates, which were significantly correlated to soil moisture content, were significantly smaller and showed smaller seasonal fluctuations and fewer differences among peat materials than net nitrification rates. Furthermore, the contribution of net nitrification to total net mineralization rates was characteristically higher than what is typically observed in undisturbed boreal forest soils. Taken together, results indicate that net nitrification processes may control nitrogen availability in these reclaimed soils.Key words: Soil nitrogen, soil reclamation, nitrification, mineralization, boreal soils

THE TRANSFORMATION OF SOIL-RECLAMATION PROCESSES WHEN CHANGING THE WATER BALANCE OF AGRICULTURAL LANDSCAPES OF THE LOWER POVOLGHYE (VOLGA REGION)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.S Falkovich ◽  
◽  
N.A. Pronko
Keyword(s):  
Water Balance ◽  
Agricultural Landscapes ◽  
Volga Region ◽  
Soil Reclamation ◽  
Secondary Salinization ◽  
Lower Volga Region ◽  
Agricultural Use ◽  
Moisture Conductivity ◽  
Filtration Capacity ◽  
Zonal Soils

The article presents the results of a study of the peculiarities of transformation of soilreclamation processes in agricultural landscapes of the Lower Volga region under the influence of changes in the water balance during irrigation and subsequent cessation of irrigation. The increase of the income part of water balance due to irrigation in an adverse combination of poor drainability, weak filtration capacity waterbearing rocks and mineralization of ground waters leads to the development of adverse processes in soils, like a rise of groundwater and salinization. It is proved that the changes in the water supply from automorphic type to hydromorphic type and the changes in the composition of the soil-absorbing ratio significantly transform the main hydrophysical characteristic and moisture conductivity functions of zonal soils, which are required for forecasting water and salt regimes of soils. It is proved that the nature of changes in the salt regime of long-irrigated soils degraded as a result of secondary salinization after being removed from agricultural use is determined by the drainage of territories. It is established that self-reclamation of soils of saline fallow areas occurs if drainage ensures the exclusion of groundwater participation in the water regime of the root layer, which is important to take into account for the involvement of abandoned areas in agriculture.

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