scholarly journals Climate Variability on Fishing Activities in Inland Waters: Case of Owena River in Ondo and Osun States, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
pp. 1919-1936
Author(s):  
Lydia Adeleke ◽  
Jacob Victor Jerry ◽  
Desalegn Ayal ◽  
Akinola Joshua Oluwatobi ◽  
Ayodele Idowu Sunday ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effect ◽  
Climate Variability ◽  
Survey Design ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Inland Waters ◽  
Fisheries Resources ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Fish Catch ◽  
Inland Water Body

AbstractThis chapter examined the effects of climate variability on fishing activities in inland waters: the case of Owena River in Ondo and Osun States, Nigeria. The particular inland water body (Owena) was selected purposively because the Owena River crosses across the two States (Ondo and Osun States). A total of 100 respondents/fisher folks were selected randomly. Primary data was used to get information from the respondents with the aid of the structured questionnaire. Secondary data was used to get information on the climate variability existing in the locations in order to achieve the set objectives. Specifically, the effects of climatic variables such as temperature, rainfall, and wind were determined on fisher folk, fishing duration, fish catch, fishing techniques, and fishing equipment/gears. Descriptive survey design was used to examine the demographic characteristics of respondents. The result revealed that most of the respondents (96%) were male. This chapter established that climate variability particularly strong wind, rainfall, and temperature has adverse effects on fishing activities such as reduction in fish catch, long duration of fishing, loss of fishing gear, change in fishing techniques, and effect on health; hence, the livelihoods of the residence are adversely affected on the long run. In addition to the adverse effect of poverty and loss of life for the fisher folks. Although, the fisher folks livelihoods depend mainly on fisheries resources and optimum fishing depends on favorable climate/weather conditions. Therefore, proper preventive coping strategies against the adverse effect of climate variables should be paramount in both States (Ondo and Ekiti) to improve livelihoods and food security.

scholarly journals Extreme weather conditions and dengue outbreak in Guangdong, China: spatial heterogeneity based on climate variability

2021 ◽  
pp. 110900
Author(s):  
Jian Cheng ◽  
Hilary Bambrick ◽  
Laith Yakob ◽  
Gregor Devine ◽  
Francesca D. Frentiu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Variability ◽  
Spatial Heterogeneity ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Extreme Weather ◽  
Dengue Outbreak

scholarly journals Assessing Impact of Climate Variability in Southwest Coastal Bangladesh Using Livelihood Vulnerability Index

Climate ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 107
Author(s):  
Sabrina Mehzabin ◽  
M. Shahjahan Mondal
Keyword(s):  
Climate Variability ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Kendall Test ◽  
Vulnerability Index ◽  
Precipitation Anomaly ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Precipitation Concentration Index ◽  
Coastal Bangladesh ◽  
Present Decade ◽  
The Impact

This study analyzed the variability of rainfall and temperature in southwest coastal Bangladesh and assessed the impact of such variability on local livelihood in the last two decades. The variability analysis involved the use of coefficient of variation (CV), standardized precipitation anomaly (Z), and precipitation concentration index (PCI). Linear regression analysis was conducted to assess the trends, and a Mann–Kendall test was performed to detect the significance of the trends. The impact of climate variability was assessed by using a livelihood vulnerability index (LVI), which consisted of six livelihood components with several sub-components under each component. Primary data to construct the LVIs were collected through a semi-structed questionnaire survey of 132 households in a coastal polder. The survey data were triangulated and supplemented with qualitative data from focused group discussions and key informant interviews. The results showed significant rises in temperature in southwest coastal Bangladesh. Though there were no discernable trends in annual and seasonal rainfalls, the anomalies increased in the dry season. The annual PCI and Z were found to capture the climate variability better than the currently used mean monthly standard deviation. The comparison of the LVIs of the present decade with the past indicated that the livelihood vulnerability, particularly in the water component, had increased in the coastal polder due to the increases in natural hazards and climate variability. The index-based vulnerability analysis conducted in this study can be adapted for livelihood vulnerability assessment in deltaic coastal areas of Asia and Africa.

Le feu : agent de contrôle des insectes

1994 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
pp. 468-472
Author(s):  
M. Martin Dupuis
Keyword(s):  
Forest Fires ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Fire Intensity ◽  
Fire Control ◽  
Fire Use ◽  
Wild Fire ◽  
Controlled Burning ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Evolution Understanding

For millenia, fire and insects have played an important role in forested land evolution. Understanding the roles they play can be important in helping us not only to control them, but to use them as an ecological tool. Also, we notice some important interactions between these two agents. As insects affect fire, fire may control insect pests. Controlled burning may provide excellent results, but allows a very slight margin for possible errors. Fire use as an insect mangement tool, requires a very precise and wide knowledge of weather conditions, fire intensity, insect's life cycle, available fuels, and type of ecosystem involved.After a long run of experiences and research, we notice that fire has been and will always be an important factor in equilibrium of some ecosystems. Since wild fire prevention campaigns and the emergence of insecticides, some forests have become excessively vulnerable to insect pests. Proper knowledge, and use of fire control, rather than immediate suppression of forest fires, would allow us to conserve various ecosystems in a healthy balance.

An Investigation of Coping Strategies Adopted by Small-Scale Sugarcane Growers in Bungoma County, Kenya

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-102
Author(s):  
Protas Fwamba Khaemba ◽  
Philomena Muiruri ◽  
Thomas Kibutu
Keyword(s):  
Coping Strategies ◽  
Survey Design ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Farm Income ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Sugarcane Farming ◽  
Income Generating Activities ◽  
Household Heads ◽  
By Products

This paper reports on one of the findings of a study undertaken to investigate the coping strategies used by small-scale sugarcane growers in Bungoma County, Kenya. A descriptive survey design was used. A multi-stage sampling procedure was employed in the selection of the divisions, villages, key respondents, and sugarcane farmers to be interviewed. Primary data were collected using questionnaires from 100 small-scale sugarcane growers’ household heads from Bumula Sub-County. Data were collected during the month of December 2016.  Qualitative data collected were analysed thematically. Quantitative data was analysed using regression in SPSS version 23 and Microsoft Excel. Results from small-scale sugarcane farmers in Bumula Sub-County revealed a declining farmers’ participation in sugarcane farming activities in the area. Coping strategies identified included off-farm income-generating activities, sale of sugarcane by-products and non-contracted cane farming. Significance test qualification was based on a percentage of adjusted R2 and within 0.3 to 0.7 ranges for Beta weight value.  The correlation coefficient (R-value) for the model was 0.362, indicating a moderately positive relationship between variables. The coefficient of determination (R2) was found to be 0.284 (28.4%). Adopted coping strategies accounted for 28.4% variability in the declining farmers’ participation in sugarcane farming. This result suggests the existence of other factors that explain the remaining 71.6% of the variation in the declining farmers’ participation. Farmers should enhance both on-farm and off-farm income-generating activities, sugarcane by-products value addition, and non-contracted cane farming in order to reverse the outcome and result in an enhanced farmers’ participation in sugarcane farming activities by 36.2%

scholarly journals SUMBER DAYA IKAN PERAIRAN UMUM DARATAN DI INDONESIA-TERABAIKAN

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Endi Setiadi Kartamihardja ◽  
Kunto Purnomo ◽  
Chairulwan Umar
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Monitoring And Evaluation ◽  
Ecological Function ◽  
Inland Waters ◽  
Flood Plains ◽  
Fisheries Resources ◽  
Natural Lakes ◽  
Function Management ◽  
Fisheries Statistics ◽  
Potential Area

Perairan umum daratan Indonesia mempunyai luas 13,85 juta ha yang terdiri atas 12,0 juta ha sungai dan paparan banjiran (flood plains), 1,8 juta ha danau alam (natural lakes) dan 0,05 juta ha danau buatan (man made lakes) atau waduk (reservoirs). Potensi perikanan tangkap di perairan umum daratan ditaksir mencapai 3.034.934 ton per tahun. Perairan umum daratan berperan penting sebagai sumber protein dan ketahanan pangan, sumber ekonomi masyarakat, sumber lapangan kerja, sumber plasma nutfah dan genetik, sumber devisa dan pendapatan asli daerah, serta obyek wisata alam (ecoturism). Perairan umum daratan yang terabaikan akan berdampak terhadap penurunan potensi luasnya, keanekaragaman jenis ikan, produksi ikan, kesempatan dan peluang kerja (peningkatan pengangguran), pendapatan asli daerah, dan fungsi estetika. Pengelolaan perairan umum dengan benar akan berpengaruh terhadap peningkatan produksi minimal 20% dan fungsi ekologis, sehingga perikanan perairan umum daratan dapat dijadikan tumpuan pembangunan perekonomian masyarakat, khususnya nelayan. Berbagai upaya yang dilakukan untuk membangun perikanan perairan umum daratan antara lain mempromosikan akan penting dan peranan sub sektor perikanan, memberikan perhatian terhadap riset di bidang sumber daya perikanan, melakukan valuasi sumber daya, melaksanakan monitoring dan evaluasi (termasuk perbaikan statistik perikanan), mengembangkan ko manajemen dan kapasitas sumber daya manusia.Inland waters of Indonesia has a total area of 13.85 million ha composing of 12.0 million ha rivers and flood plains, 1.8 million ha natural lakes and 0.05 million ha man made lakes/ reservoirs. Total of fish potential yields of the inland waters was estimated to be 3,034,934 ton per yr. The inland waters plays an important role as source of protein and food security, source of economic and supporting livelihood of the peoples, source of employment, sources of genetics and germ plasm, contributing to foreign exchange and local government earning, and eco-tourism. The neglecting inland waters has affected on the decreasing potential area, fish potential yields, fish species diversity, employment opportunity, and local government earning and the ecological function. Management of the resources could impact on the increasing fish yields at least 20% and its ecological function, so that the inland waters fisheries can be used as a based of economic development of the peoples especially for the fishers. Some efforts which should be done in development of the inland waters fisheries are promotion of the role and importance of fisheries between other sectors, prioritizing research on fisheries resources, valuation of inland waters fisheries, monitoring and evaluation (including fisheries statistics), development of fisheries co-management and capacity building of the human resources.

scholarly journals How applicable is export-led growth and import-led growth hypotheses to South African economy?

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 15-24
Author(s):  
Ntebogang Dinah Moroke ◽  
Molebogeng Manoto
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
South Africa ◽  
Adverse Effect ◽  
Time Series ◽  
South African ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Reserve Bank ◽  
Equilibrium Relationship

This paper investigated exports, imports and the economic growth nexus in the context of South Africa. The paper sets out to examine if long-run and causal relationships exist between these variables. Quarterly time series data ranging between 1998 and 2013 obtained from the South African Reserve Bank and Quantec databases was employed. Initial data analysis proved that the variables are integrated at their levels. The results further indicated that exports, imports and economic growth are co-integrated, confirming an existence of a long-run equilibrium relationship. Granger causal results were shown running from exports and imports to GDP and from imports to exports, validating export-led and import-led growth hypotheses in South Africa. A significant causality running from imports to exports, suggests that South Africa imported finished goods in excess. If this is not avoided, lots of problems could be caused. A suggestion was made to avoid such problematic issues as they may lead to replaced domestic output and displacement of employees. Another dreadful ramification may be an adverse effect on the economy which may further be experienced in the long-run.

scholarly journals Dryland Farmers on Climate Resilient Practices – An Adoption Study at an Industrialized Taluk of Tamil Nadu

2020 ◽  
pp. 169-177
Author(s):  
D. Alagu Niranjan ◽  
Dipak Kumar Bose
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Analysis ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Survey Design ◽  
Conservation Tillage ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Adoption Study ◽  
Planting Materials ◽  
Selection Of

Aims: To study the adoption of climate resilient practices by the farmers in the dryland region. Study Design: Cross-sectional survey design was used for the present descriptive study. Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted in Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Allahabad (Prayagraj) during the year of 2018 and for the period of 6 months. Methodology: The study used direct interview method with the subjects using a structured and pre-tested interview schedule for primary data collection in the sampled area which is an industrialized taluk of Tamil Nadu. The selection of area was purposeful, whereas, selection of villages was random and 15 respondents form each village was convenient. The collected data was tabulated and interpreted using descriptive statistics and correlation analysis. Results: The results of the study suggest that there is a poor adoption level of climate resilient practices existing among the dryland farmers. While, some of the practices like incorporation of residues in to soil instead of burning, brown and green manuring, conservation tillage, temperature tolerant varieties, farm machinery custom hiring centre, location specific intercropping systems, crop rotation, usage of better planting materials, prophylaxis, custom hiring centre and weather based insurance were adopted to some extent. Though there was no specific intervention to sensitize on these practices, adoption of above mentioned practices were found which could be due to the passive adaptation by the farmers of the locality over years. And the results of correlation analysis revealed that there is a significant relationship between adoption of climate resilient practices and variables like the respondents’ education, exposure to mass media exposure, contacts with extension agents, innovativeness level, risk orientation and scientific orientation at 0.01% level of significance. Conclusion: The results of the study will definitely help in evaluating government projects (as baseline) like National Initiative on Climate Resilient Agriculture, and strengthening programme planning and implementation in climate change.

scholarly journals Devolution and Politics as Predictors of Expansion Strategies in Public Training Institutions: A Case Study of Kenya Medical Training College

Science Mundi ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Chandoo Musango ◽  
Daniel K. Kimwetich
Keyword(s):  
Health Services ◽  
Medical Training ◽  
Survey Design ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
The Public ◽  
Political Patronage ◽  
Training Institutions ◽  
Descriptive Survey ◽  
Expansion Strategies

This study investigates the influence of devolution and politics on the expansion strategies in public training institutions with reference to the Kenya Medical Training College. The specific objectives of the study are to: establish the influence of devolution of health services on the success of expansion strategies in the public training institutions and; determine the influence of politics on the success of expansion strategies in the public training institutions. This study is based on the contingency theory. It adopts the descriptive survey design. The study focuses on 2393 KMTC officers from the 73 KMTC campuses in Kenya, 42 ministries of health officials in the 42 counties that have KMTC campuses, and 42 local leaders from those counties that have KMTC campuses. The total targeted study participants were thus 2477. From these, 10% (248 persons) were sampled. The study used purposive and stratified random sampling techniques to obtain the study sample. Primary data was collected using structured questionnaires and interviews. Data from questionnaires were analysed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 24. Descriptive statistics (frequencies, percentages, and means) were used to describe the central tendencies of the data. In addition, inferential statistics (Pearson Correlation and Multiple Regression Analysis) were also used.  Data from key informants were analysed using content analysis techniques. The findings show that the two study variables influenced the uptake of expansion strategies at KMTC campuses. In this regard, Pearson correlation shows that there was statistical significant relationship between devolution of health services (r=0.322, p<0.001) and; politics (r=0.478, p<0.001) and success of expansion strategies. These findings show that politics was the strongest factor influencing the success of expansion strategies followed by devolution of health services. As such, avoiding the negative influences of the devolution of health services and politics can enhance the success of expansion strategies at KMTC. In this regard, efforts aimed at reducing political patronage as well as interferences of devolved governments in the running of KMTC campuses would enhance the performance of new campuses.

scholarly journals Burnout experience of secondary and preparatory school teachers in West Gojjam and Awi zone in Amhara regional state

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-148
Author(s):  
Anteneh Wulolign ◽  
Solomon Adane ◽  
Solomon Kassie
Keyword(s):  
Survey Design ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
School Teachers ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Preparatory School ◽  
Regional State ◽  
West Gojjam

The purpose of the study was to assess Burnout experience of secondary and preparatory school teachers in West Gojjam and Awi Zones in Amhara regional state. Participants of the study were selected by simple random sampling technique. The study employed cross-sectional survey design method to answer the proposed research objectives regarding burnout experience by secondary school and preparatory school teachers. The primary data collection tool for the study was questionnaire. The level of burnout was assessed using standardized questionnaire, and these standardized questionnaires were adopted from the original English version Maslch burnout inventory Human service Survey to assess the level of burnout. The descriptive statistics on the mean scores of the three dimensions of burnout indicated that teachers were experiencing high levels of burnout in all the three dimensions of burnout. The independent samples t-test result showed that there were no statistically significant differences between the two groups (male and female) in EE and PA burnout levels (t= 1.35, df = 286, p =.176 >.05) and (t= -1.007, df = 286, p =.315 >.05).

scholarly journals MANAJEMEN USAHA IKAN FUFU DI DESA TAMBALA KAMPUNG BARU KECAMATAN TOMBARIRI KABUPATEN MINAHASA PROVINSI SULAWESI UTARA

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rian Rinaldi ◽  
Nurdin Jusuf ◽  
Grace O. Tambani
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Data Retrieval ◽  
Business Owners ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Business Owner ◽  
Fisheries Resources ◽  
North Sulawesi ◽  
Operational Costs ◽  
Business Objects

AbstractIndonesian fisheries resources regarding food in the fisheries sector have great potential, this is an important factor in supporting national development.This study aims to determine the management of "fufu" fish business in Tambala Kampung Baru Village, Tombariri District, Minahasa Regency, North Sulawesi Province, namely the system of processing and marketing of "fufu" fish.The research method is descriptive in order to describe the characteristics of a situation. Data retrieval is done by census method, where there are 19 "fufu" fish business owners, then data is collected on all business objects. Primary data was taken through direct interviews using a questionnaire to "fufu" fish business owners and secondary data is the data of viewers in this study."Fufu" fish production in Tambala Kampung Baru Village is adjusted to the acquisition of capital obtained by the business owner, where in 10 respondents it can be seen that the availability of raw materials in the production process varies from 300 kg to 500 kg. Marketing plans have been established after business planning.The economic aspect of the "fufu" fish business can provide good profit. This is because operational costs are relatively low, when compared to other businesses, producer marketing is not difficult, and the average processing process is carried out for 7 days.Keywords: management, "fufu" fish business, tambala village AbstrakSumberdaya perikanan Indonesia menyangkut bahan pangan dalam bidang perikanan memiliki potensi besar, hal ini merupakan faktor penting dalam menunjang pembangunan bangsa.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui manajemen usaha ikan “fufu” di Desa Tambala Kampung Baru Kecamatan Tombariri Kabupaten Minahasa Propinsi Sulawesi Utara yaitu sistem pengolahan dan pemasaran ikan “fufu”.Metode penelitian bersifat deskriptif dengan tujuan menguraikan sifat-sifat dari suatu keadaan. Pengambilan data dilakukan dengan metode sensus, dimana terdapat 19 pemilik usaha ikan “fufu”, kemudian dilakukan pengambilan data terhadap keseluruhan objek usaha. Data primer diambil melalui wawancara secara langsung dengan menggunakan kuesioner kepada pemilik usaha ikan “fufu” dan data sekunder merupakan data-data penujang dalam penelitian ini.Produksi ikan “fufu” di Desa Tambala Kampung Baru disesuaikan dengan perolehan modal yang diperoleh pemilik usaha, dimana dalam 10 responden dapat dilihat ketersedian bahan baku dalam proses produksi bervariasi antara 300 kg sampai dengan 500 kg. Rencanah pemasaran sudah ditetapkan setelah adanya perencanan usaha.Segi ekonomis usaha ikan “fufu” dapat memberikan keutungan yang baik. Hal ini disebabkan biaya oprasionalnya relatif rendah, bila dibandingkan dengan usaha lain, produsen pemasaran tidak sulit, dan proses pengolahan rata-rata dilakukan selama 7 hari.Kata kunci: Manajemen, usaha ikan “fufu”, Desa Tambala

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