scholarly journals A Two-Phase Framework for Detecting Manipulation Campaigns in Social Media

2020 ◽  
pp. 201-214
Author(s):  
Dennis Assenmacher ◽  
Lena Clever ◽  
Janina Susanne Pohl ◽  
Heike Trautmann ◽  
Christian Grimme
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Two Phase

Stereotyping by omission and commission: Creating distinctive gendered spectacles in the televised coverage of the 2015 Australian Open men’s and women’s tennis singles semi-finals and finals

2017 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Quayle ◽  
Alanna Wurm ◽  
Harley Barnes ◽  
Thomas Barr ◽  
Erin Beal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Thematic Analysis ◽  
Gender Stereotypes ◽  
Women's Bodies ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Specific Detail ◽  
Gender Representations ◽  
Strong Focus ◽  
Technical Features ◽  
Body Talk

This paper explores the way in which announcers created spectacle in the Eurosport coverage of the men’s and women’s tennis singles semi-finals and finals at the Australian Open 2015. This was an event where gender representations were under global social media scrutiny after two female players were asked to ‘twirl’ for the audience. We used a two-phase thematic analysis. Semantic thematic analysis showed that more personal descriptions were directed at women than men and these often described off-court features. Descriptions of men included detailed and specific portrayals of physical characteristics, while women’s bodies were seldom referred to specifically. Discourse analysis showed that men’s games were spoken of as physical clashes between titans. In contrast, women’s matches were described in aesthetic rather than physical terms and ‘diva-like’ personalities and relationships were important features of women’s game narratives. While male bodies were described in specific detail where relevant to technical features of the game, women’s bodies were only described indirectly and non-specifically. For the women’s game, this dialogical repression of specific body talk in combination with a strong focus on aesthetic judgements invoked stereotypes by omission, simultaneously reinscribing gender stereotypes and emphasizing their importance by communicating taboo. These gendered commentaries created distinctive gendered spectacles for the men’s and women’s events.

Transmission of negative brand-relevant content on social media

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashleigh Powell ◽  
Constantino Stavros ◽  
Angela Dobele
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Service Failure ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Social Motives ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Media Channels ◽  
Depth Interviews ◽  
Brand Hate

Purpose Understanding how to predict and manage the spread of negative brand-relevant content is of critical concern to marketers. This paper aims to contribute to this understanding by building on existing anti-branding, brand hate and word-of-mouth literature to explore the factors that lead individuals to engage in the transmission of negative brand-relevant information via social media. Design/methodology/approach A two-phase exploratory design was used. The first stage involved an analysis of negative transmission via comments left on news and brand posts. The second phase of the research involved a series of 13 depth interviews with frequent social media users about their negative brand-relevant transmission behavior to add richness and depth to the findings from the passive observation in the first phase of the research. Findings The first phase of the research demonstrated that negative transmission can be both brand-related (e.g. driven by-product or service failure or corporate irresponsibility) and consumer-related (e.g. driven by self or social motives). The second phase of the research clarified that negative transmission often occurs in the absence of brand hate, particularly when it can be used as a covert method of self-enhancement for the transmitter via downward social comparisons. Originality/value Negative transmission as a form of anti-branding that is more strongly self-related (as opposed to brand) is established, progressing understanding and applications of contemporary media channels. Implications, including how brand-generated controversy and consumer reinforcement can be used to manage negative transmission, are offered.

scholarly journals A Study Protocol

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Betul Keles ◽  
Mary Leamy ◽  
Gemma Trainor ◽  
Trevor Murrells ◽  
Annmarie Grealish
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Social Media ◽  
Secondary Schools ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Healthy Sample ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Relational Orientation

There is a complex relationship between social media use and mental health outcomes. To explore this complexity and understand how social media influence adolescent mental health, a two-phase, explanatory sequential mixed-method study will be conducted. Firstly, the quantitative phase will involve surveying a healthy sample of 400 adolescents attending secondary schools in the UK (n=200) and Turkey (n=200). We will use the survey to investigate the moderating effect of relational orientation in a cross-sectional study, in which participants will be selected from secondary schools in Portsmouth, United Kingdom and Kayapinar, Diyarbakir, Turkey. Secondly, the qualitative phase will involve interviewing a mixed sample of 10-12 clinical and non-clinical adolescents in London. In these interviews, we will explore key quantitative findings in more detail, for example, how and why adolescents use social media and the role of social media in the development and maintenance of mental health well-being. The strengths and limitations of the study proposal have been discussed. Keywords: social media, anxiety, depression, adolescents, culture, relational orientation

scholarly journals To post or not to post? Exploring the motivations behind brand-related engagement types on social networking sites

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sevil Yesiloglu ◽  
Juliet Memery ◽  
Chris Chapleo
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Social Networking ◽  
Social Networking Sites ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Brand Engagement ◽  
Media Channels

PurposeThis study aims to investigate consumer motivations behind brand-related engagement on social media by exploring three different engagement types: consuming, contributing (to) and creating. Previous research suggests that many brands seek to engage with consumers via communications on social networking sites; however, most focus on quantitative metrics and measurement tools to evaluate such behaviour and so offer limited understanding and guidance. To address this gap, the current study utilises a mixed-method approach to investigate the motivations behind each brand-related engagement type to provide deeper insight into what motivates consumers to engage with brand-related posts on social networking sites. This study also aims to investigate whether the motivations between different engagement types exist and whether these vary between brands and other people's brand-related posts.Design/methodology/approachA two-phase integrated qualitative–quantitative research design was utilised. Twelve semi-structured interviews explored the range of consumers' brand engagement motivations before an online survey (N = 225) identified and confirmed the motivational similarities and differences between the three brand-related engagement types.FindingsDifferent motives influence each brand-related engagement type, bar the “enjoyment” motive, which triggers all three engagement types. Of particular interest is the identification of a new motive for engagement-seeking compensation that influences negative brand-related engagement.Practical implicationsThrough understanding what motivates consumers to consume, contribute and create, brands can tailor their marketing messages to each different brand-related engagement type. This will increase their engagement with consumers on social networking sites, as specific segments can be created by the brand to enhance their targeting strategies based on consumers' differing motivations within social media channels.Originality/valueThis study contributes a much-needed framework of motivations for brand-related engagement on social media, recognising variations in motivations by type of engagement (consume, contribute (to), create).

scholarly journals ‘Doctors can’t be doctors all of the time’: a qualitative study of how general practitioners and medical students negotiate public-professional and private-personal realms using social media

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. e047991
Author(s):  
Megan Marshal ◽  
Vikram Niranjan ◽  
Eimear Spain ◽  
Joe MacDonagh ◽  
Jane O'Doherty ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Medical Students ◽  
Interpersonal Relationships ◽  
General Practitioners ◽  
Medical Profession ◽  
Private Life ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Medical Practitioners ◽  
Social Media Platforms ◽  
Use Of Social Media

ObjectiveThe objective of this study is to explore the experiences and perspectives of general practitioners’ and medical students’ use of, and behaviour on, social media and to understand how they negotiate threats to professional and personal life on social media.DesignA two-phase qualitative design was used, consisting of semistructured interviews and follow-up vignettes, where participants were asked to respond to vignettes that involved varying degrees of unprofessional behaviour. Data were analysed using template analysis.Setting and participantsParticipants were general practitioner tutors and third year medical students who had just completed placement on the University of Limerick longitudinal integrated clerkship. Five students and three general practitioners affiliated with the medical school were invited to participate in one-to-one interviews.ResultsThree overarching themes, each containing subthemes were reported. ‘Staying in contact and up to date’ outlines how social media platforms provide useful resources and illustrates the potential risks of social media. ‘Online persona’ considers how social media has contributed to changing the nature of interpersonal relationships. ‘Towards standards and safety’ raises the matter of how to protect patients, doctors and the medical profession.ConclusionGuidance is required for students and medical practitioners on how to establish reasonable boundaries between their personal and professional presence on social media and in their private life so that poorly judged use of social media does not negatively affect career prospects and professional efficacy.

Effect of Shock Loading on the Microstructure of Uniloy 326

1974 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 504-505
Author(s):  
K. P. Staudhammer ◽  
L. E. Murr
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Shock Loading ◽  
Current Investigation ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
05 C ◽  
Shock Deformation ◽  
Heat Treated

The effect of shock loading on a variety of steels has been reviewed recently by Leslie. It is generally observed that significant changes in microstructure and microhardness are produced by explosive shock deformation. While the effect of shock loading on austenitic, ferritic, martensitic, and pearlitic structures has been investigated, there have been no systematic studies of the shock-loading of microduplex structures.In the current investigation, the shock-loading response of millrolled and heat-treated Uniloy 326 (thickness 60 mil) having a residual grain size of 1 to 2μ before shock loading was studied. Uniloy 326 is a two phase (microduplex) alloy consisting of 30% austenite (γ) in a ferrite (α) matrix; with the composition.3% Ti, 1% Mn, .6% Si,.05% C, 6% Ni, 26% Cr, balance Fe.

Exsolution and inversion in pigeonite from the Whin Sill, Northern England

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 474-475
Author(s):  
P.P.K. Smith
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Homogeneous Nucleation ◽  
Silicate Mineral ◽  
Antiphase Boundaries ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Primitive Form ◽  
The Core ◽  
Nucleation Mechanisms ◽  
And Inversion

Grains of pigeonite, a calcium-poor silicate mineral of the pyroxene group, from the Whin Sill dolerite have been ion-thinned and examined by TEM. The pigeonite is strongly zoned chemically from the composition Wo8En64FS28 in the core to Wo13En34FS53 at the rim. Two phase transformations have occurred during the cooling of this pigeonite:- exsolution of augite, a more calcic pyroxene, and inversion of the pigeonite from the high- temperature C face-centred form to the low-temperature primitive form, with the formation of antiphase boundaries (APB's). Different sequences of these exsolution and inversion reactions, together with different nucleation mechanisms of the augite, have created three distinct microstructures depending on the position in the grain.In the core of the grains small platelets of augite about 0.02μm thick have farmed parallel to the (001) plane (Fig. 1). These are thought to have exsolved by homogeneous nucleation. Subsequently the inversion of the pigeonite has led to the creation of APB's.

Shock consolidation of Ni-Ti alloy powder

1986 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 430-431
Author(s):  
Naresh N. Thadhani ◽  
Thad Vreeland ◽  
Thomas J. Ahrens
Keyword(s):  
Alloy Powder ◽  
Amorphous Material ◽  
Ti Alloy ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Optical Micrograph ◽  
Shock Compaction ◽  
Powder Particles ◽  
Ti Powder ◽  
Rapidly Solidified

A spherically-shaped, microcrystalline Ni-Ti alloy powder having fairly nonhomogeneous particle size distribution and chemical composition was consolidated with shock input energy of 316 kJ/kg. In the process of consolidation, shock energy is preferentially input at particle surfaces, resulting in melting of near-surface material and interparticle welding. The Ni-Ti powder particles were 2-60 μm in diameter (Fig. 1). About 30-40% of the powder particles were Ni-65wt% and balance were Ni-45wt%Ti (estimated by EMPA).Upon shock compaction, the two phase Ni-Ti powder particles were bonded together by the interparticle melt which rapidly solidified, usually to amorphous material. Fig. 2 is an optical micrograph (in plane of shock) of the consolidated Ni-Ti alloy powder, showing the particles with different etching contrast.

A Comparison of Tem and Apfim to the Interpretation of Modulated Microstructures

1985 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. 70-71
Author(s):  
M.G. Burke ◽  
M.K. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Microstructural Characterization ◽  
Superlattice Reflection ◽  
High Volume ◽  
Atom Probe ◽  
Dark Field ◽  
Miscibility Gap ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Probe Field

Interpretation of fine-scale microstructures containing high volume fractions of second phase is complex. In particular, microstructures developed through decomposition within low temperature miscibility gaps may be extremely fine. This paper compares the morphological interpretations of such complex microstructures by the high-resolution techniques of TEM and atom probe field-ion microscopy (APFIM).The Fe-25 at% Be alloy selected for this study was aged within the low temperature miscibility gap to form a <100> aligned two-phase microstructure. This triaxially modulated microstructure is composed of an Fe-rich ferrite phase and a B2-ordered Be-enriched phase. The microstructural characterization through conventional bright-field TEM is inadequate because of the many contributions to image contrast. The ordering reaction which accompanies spinodal decomposition in this alloy permits simplification of the image by the use of the centered dark field technique to image just one phase. A CDF image formed with a B2 superlattice reflection is shown in fig. 1. In this CDF micrograph, the the B2-ordered Be-enriched phase appears as bright regions in the darkly-imaging ferrite. By examining the specimen in a [001] orientation, the <100> nature of the modulations is evident.

A TEM study of the influence of microstructure on the superplastic behavior of a U-5.8 wt.% Nb alloy

1986 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 568-569
Author(s):  
G. Mackiewicz Ludtka
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Heating Rate ◽  
Phase Field ◽  
Single Phase ◽  
Superplastic Behavior ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Single Phase Field

Historically, metals exhibit superplasticity only while forming in a two-phase field because a two-phase microstructure helps ensure a fine, stable grain size. In the U-5.8 Nb alloy, superplastici ty exists for up to 2 h in the single phase field (γ1) at 670°C. This is above the equilibrium monotectoid temperature of 647°C. Utilizing dilatometry, the superplastic (SP) U-5.8 Nb alloy requires superheating to 658°C to initiate the α+γ2 → γ1 transformation at a heating rate of 1.5°C/s. Hence, the U-5.8 Nb alloy exhibits an anomolous superplastic behavior.

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