Fate of Pharmaceutical Drugs and Metabolites in the Environment

Because of the almost-instant connection with the welfare and well-being of individuals, pharmaceutical industry stands prominently as a very important factor for the improvement and progress of a healthy productive nation. These days, pharmaceutical industry thrives as one of the largest and exponentially expanding global industries. Nonetheless, millions of people in low income developing countries, have to suffer from the fatal consequences of the inaccessibility and non-availability of essential drugs. This is also happening in Yemen, where the pharmaceutical manufacturers sector have to face up to many challenges. The Yemen Drug Company (YEDCO) was founded in 1964 by the Yemeni government as it collaborated with private investors. It was endorsed as a company with the expertise in the medicinal drug marketing. YEDCO started its work by taking in drugs from foreign companies and then locally marketing and distributing them. In 1982, YEDCO built the first medicinal factory for drugs in Sana’a. Since then, seven companies were set up to manufacture medicines in Yemen. The expanding population has led to the need to have more pharmaceutical products. It may be understandable that pharmaceutical manufacturer companies are also hit by the political crisis in the country. Inadequate amount of fuel and raw material as well as low security status were some of the underlying factors behind these ill-effects in Yemen. Imported drugs make up about nearly 90% % of the pharmaceutical market compared to 10% drugs from the domestic market. This situation has led to an additional burden being shouldered by the national economy, where Yemen spends about US$263 million annually on pharmaceutical drugs, in reference to the national Supreme Drugs Authority. Although there is a very quick growth in the population and drugs consumption, the pharmaceutical industry has not been very active, where global pharmaceutical products play their role dominantly on the domestic market. The pharmaceutical production necessitates skilled human resources like university graduates. By contrast, the government and the private sector should also motivate the pharmaceutical industry and make use of the local employment

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Vaccines for aquaculture overview

Veterinaria Kubani ◽

10.33861/2071-8020-2020-5-42-43 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 42-43

Author(s):

Andrey S. Khishov ◽

◽

Galina I. Burlakova ◽

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Agents ◽

Aquatic Organisms ◽

Animal Husbandry ◽

Well Being ◽

Pharmaceutical Drugs ◽

Short Development Time ◽

The Creation ◽

Basic And Applied Research ◽

North And South America ◽

Aquaculture Production

Aquaculture production is a promising direction for the development of food production. Like traditional types of animal husbandry, it needs effective medicines for veterinary use, which would ensure not only the well-being of farmed aquatic organisms, but also increase the safety of the fish products and non-fish objects of fishing. The development of measures to control epizootic processes in aquatic organisms is impossible without the creation of new immunological preparations. The development and use of immunobiological drugs will reduce the use of antimicrobial agents. The corresponding set of pharmaceutical drugs was transferred from the traditional veterinary medicine, but due to the peculiarities of the biology of aquatic animals, their immunity and the characteristics of specific pathogens, this could not be done with biological products. The short development time in the aquaculture industry poses current challenges in the form of a lack of basic and applied research for relatively poorly understood groups of new pathogens. The immunological processes associated with the development and intensity of the immune response in aquatic organisms require a detailed study. For domestic aquaculture producers, the analysis and dissemination of the experience accumulated by mankind and the application of advanced developments in this area are even more relevant, since Russia is just beginning its path of intensifying aquaculture production. At the same time, it is clear that the prohibition of the use and monitoring of antimicrobial agents in food products and feed requires a change in the approach to the problem and will lead to the creation of new immunobiological drugs. The market for immunobiological preparations for aquaculture is the most promising for development. In the article, the authors provide data on the development and registration of vaccines for aquaculture in Europe, North and South America.

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A cost-effective preventative approach to potentially save lives in the coronavirus pandemic, jointly using Vitamin D, Curcumin, and Vitamin C. Authors Bakare T A and Soar J S

10.31232/osf.io/jgf6e ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Jagjit S Soar

Keyword(s):

Vitamin D ◽

Vitamin C ◽

Cost Effective ◽

Risk Groups ◽

The Elderly ◽

Pharmaceutical Drugs ◽

Over The Counter ◽

Literature Searches ◽

Pharmaceutical Agents ◽

And Control

he current COVID-19 pandemic now believed to be based on the mutation of the SARS-CoV virus (first reported in 2002) to SARS-CoV-2 emerging in 2019, is naturally causing extreme worry and concern around the world with sometimes mixed and incoherent messages on how to deal with it. There is a plethora of information from previous epidemics caused by other coronaviruses such as severe acute respiratory syndrome, SARS (2002) and Middle East respiratory syndrome MERS (2012) from which we can extrapolate guidance on how to deal with the current pandemic. In the current absence of specific pharmaceutical agents, we propose assessing the extended tools that we already possess in our biological armoury to combat, prevent and control the spread of this virus. Using a set of precise criteria to locate such possible contenders, we conducted literature searches to find compounds that met these criteria. We have now reduced this to a shortlist of three agents that may be the best candidates. We propose vitamin C, vitamin D and Curcumin fit our criteria well. These compounds are widely available to the general public. They are available online and over-the-counter as supplements. Otherwise healthy individuals are safely able to self-administer these agents as a prophylactic to protect themselves and to enhance their immune response. This would be especially desirable for the elderly and at risk groups. These agents can also be used as adjunct therapy, particularly for those who may have early symptoms. This preventative therapy could be implemented whilst awaiting specific pharmaceutical drugs to emerge as a treatment for COVID-19. Our suggested compounds are a highly cost-effective way to potentially reduce the mortality that is regretfully mounting as a result of COVID-19 infection. The biological mode of action and the dosing of these compounds are summarised.

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New Turbidimetric Method for Determination of Ketotifen Fumarate in Pharmaceutical Drugs by using line-continuous flow injection manifold design of KTF-Ammonium molybdate (Am) system

International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research ◽

10.31838/ijpr/2020.12.02.0046 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (02) ◽

Keyword(s):

Flow Injection ◽

Continuous Flow ◽

Ammonium Molybdate ◽

Pharmaceutical Drugs ◽

Turbidimetric Method ◽

Ketotifen Fumarate

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Faculty Opinions recommendation of Carrier-mediated cellular uptake of pharmaceutical drugs: an exception or the rule?

Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature ◽

10.3410/f.1119207.575370 ◽

2008 ◽

Author(s):

Frank Seeber

Keyword(s):

Cellular Uptake ◽

Pharmaceutical Drugs

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ABATEMENT OF ANTICANCER DRUGS VIA ELECTROCHEMICAL OXIDATION PROCESS: A REVIEW

10.37516/global.j.sci.eng.2020.010 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-4

Author(s):

CHARULATA SIVODIA ◽

ALOK SINHA

Keyword(s):

Anticancer Drugs ◽

Cell Function ◽

Electrochemical Techniques ◽

Aquatic Organisms ◽

Pharmaceutical Drugs ◽

Cytostatic Drugs ◽

Cancerous Cell ◽

Pharmaceutical Removal ◽

Mutagenic Effects ◽

Made In

The advancement made in biomedical industry upsurges the consumption rate of pharmaceutical drugs. The lack of proper monitoring and regulation methods leads to the unregulated discharge of pharmaceuticals in wastewater, where it can affect the aquatic organisms. Anticancer drugs are also known as cytostatic drugs mainly used for the treatment of cancer by disrupting the cell function and prevent multiplication of cancerous cell. Therefore, anticancer drugs are suspected to pose potential risk on environment by influencing mutagenic effects on the cells of aquatic organisms. An extensive research has been already made in the field of pharmaceutical removal, however their application on the removal of anticancer drugs is limited. This review paper elucidates about different electrochemical techniques for the mitigation of cytostatic drugs.

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Beneficiary and Adverse Effects of Phytoestrogens: A Potential Constituent of Plant Based Diet

Current Pharmaceutical Design ◽

10.2174/1381612826999200917154747 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 26 ◽

Author(s):

Sridevi Vaadala ◽

Naveen Ponneri ◽

Venkat Shashank Karnam ◽

Ramachandra Reddy Pamuru ◽

Mohammed Arifullah

Keyword(s):

Dairy Products ◽

Metabolic Disorders ◽

Hormone Replacement ◽

Pharmaceutical Drugs ◽

Adult Males ◽

Flax Seed ◽

Green Beans ◽

The World ◽

Pros And Cons ◽

Derivatives Of

Background: Phytoestrogens are non-endocrine, non-steroidal secondary derivatives of plants and consumed through plant-based diet also named as “dietary estrogens”. The major sources of phytoestrogens are soy and soy-based foods, flax seed, chickpeas, green beans, dairy products, etc. The dietary inclusion of phytoestrogen based foods play a crucial role in the maintenance of metabolic syndrome cluster including obesity, diabetes, blood pressure, cancer, inflammation, cardiovascular diseases, postmenopausal ailments and their complications. In recent days, phytoestrogens are the preferred molecules for hormone replacement therapy. On the other hand, they act as endocrine disruptors via estrogen receptor mediated pathways. These effects are not restricted to adult males or females and identified even in development. Objective: Since phytoestrogenic occurrence is high at daily meal for most people from all over the world, they focused to study for its beneficiary effects towards developing pharmaceutical drugs for treating various metabolic disorders by keeping an eye on endocrine disruption. Conclusion: The present review emphasizes the pros and cons of phytoestrogens on human health, which may help to direct the pharmaceutical industry to produce various phytoestrongen based drugs against various metabolic disorders.

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