ABATEMENT OF ANTICANCER DRUGS VIA ELECTROCHEMICAL OXIDATION PROCESS: A REVIEW

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
CHARULATA SIVODIA ◽  
ALOK SINHA
Keyword(s):  
Anticancer Drugs ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Electrochemical Techniques ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Pharmaceutical Drugs ◽  
Cytostatic Drugs ◽  
Cancerous Cell ◽  
Pharmaceutical Removal ◽  
Mutagenic Effects ◽  
Made In

The advancement made in biomedical industry upsurges the consumption rate of pharmaceutical drugs. The lack of proper monitoring and regulation methods leads to the unregulated discharge of pharmaceuticals in wastewater, where it can affect the aquatic organisms. Anticancer drugs are also known as cytostatic drugs mainly used for the treatment of cancer by disrupting the cell function and prevent multiplication of cancerous cell. Therefore, anticancer drugs are suspected to pose potential risk on environment by influencing mutagenic effects on the cells of aquatic organisms. An extensive research has been already made in the field of pharmaceutical removal, however their application on the removal of anticancer drugs is limited. This review paper elucidates about different electrochemical techniques for the mitigation of cytostatic drugs.

Vaccines for aquaculture overview

2020 ◽  
pp. 42-43
Author(s):  
Andrey S. Khishov ◽  
◽  
Galina I. Burlakova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Pharmaceutical Drugs ◽  
Short Development Time ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Basic And Applied Research ◽  
North And South America ◽  
Aquaculture Production

Aquaculture production is a promising direction for the development of food production. Like traditional types of animal husbandry, it needs effective medicines for veterinary use, which would ensure not only the well-being of farmed aquatic organisms, but also increase the safety of the fish products and non-fish objects of fishing. The development of measures to control epizootic processes in aquatic organisms is impossible without the creation of new immunological preparations. The development and use of immunobiological drugs will reduce the use of antimicrobial agents. The corresponding set of pharmaceutical drugs was transferred from the traditional veterinary medicine, but due to the peculiarities of the biology of aquatic animals, their immunity and the characteristics of specific pathogens, this could not be done with biological products. The short development time in the aquaculture industry poses current challenges in the form of a lack of basic and applied research for relatively poorly understood groups of new pathogens. The immunological processes associated with the development and intensity of the immune response in aquatic organisms require a detailed study. For domestic aquaculture producers, the analysis and dissemination of the experience accumulated by mankind and the application of advanced developments in this area are even more relevant, since Russia is just beginning its path of intensifying aquaculture production. At the same time, it is clear that the prohibition of the use and monitoring of antimicrobial agents in food products and feed requires a change in the approach to the problem and will lead to the creation of new immunobiological drugs. The market for immunobiological preparations for aquaculture is the most promising for development. In the article, the authors provide data on the development and registration of vaccines for aquaculture in Europe, North and South America.

Comparative effect of two pan-class I PI3K inhibitors used as anticancer drugs on human T cell function

2015 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 675-685 ◽  
Author(s):  
Belén Blanco ◽  
Carmen Herrero-Sánchez ◽  
Concepción Rodríguez-Serrano ◽  
Mercedes Sánchez-Barba ◽  
María Consuelo del Cañizo
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
Anticancer Drugs ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Class I ◽  
Comparative Effect ◽  
Pi3k Inhibitors ◽  
T Cell Function ◽  
Human T Cell

scholarly journals Commentary on the Recent FSH Collection: Known Knowns and Known Unknowns

Endocrinology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 161 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Djurdjica Coss
Keyword(s):  
Cell Function ◽  
Follicle Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Reproductive Function ◽  
Clinical Applications ◽  
Follicular Growth ◽  
Significant Progress ◽  
Known Unknowns ◽  
Near Future ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Made In

Abstract Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) is a dimeric glycoprotein secreted by the anterior pituitary gonadotrope that is necessary for reproductive function in mammals. FSH primarily regulates granulosa cells and follicular growth in females, and Sertoli cell function in males. Since its identification in the 1930s and sequencing in the 1970s, significant progress has been made in elucidating its regulation and downstream function. Recent advances provide deeper insight into FSH synthesis, and effects in the gonads suggest potential roles in extragonadal tissues and examine pharmacological approaches and clinical applications in infertility treatment that now affect 18% of couples. These advances were discussed in detail in a number of reviews published in the last 2 years in Endocrinology. In this brief commentary, we summarize these reviews and point to the outstanding questions that should be answered in the near future to bridge a gap in our understanding of this hormone.

scholarly journals Aquaporin 1 Is Important for Maintaining Secretory Granule Biogenesis in Endocrine Cells

2008 ◽  
Vol 22 (8) ◽  
pp. 1924-1934 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irina Arnaoutova ◽  
Niamh X. Cawley ◽  
Nimesh Patel ◽  
Taeyoon Kim ◽  
Trushar Rathod ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Secretory Granule ◽  
Endocrine Cells ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Hormone Secretion ◽  
Prohormone Convertase ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Prohormone Convertase 1 ◽  
Aqp1 Expression ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Made In

Abstract Aquaporins (AQPs), a family of water channels expressed in epithelial cells, function to transport water in a bidirectional manner to facilitate transepithelial fluid absorption and secretion. Additionally, AQP1 and AQP5 are found in pancreatic zymogen granules and synaptic vesicles and are involved in vesicle swelling and exocytosis in exocrine cells and neurons. Here, we show AQP1 is in dense-core secretory granule (DCSG) membranes of endocrine tissue: pituitary and adrenal medulla. The need for AQP1 in endocrine cell function was examined by stable transfection of AQP1 antisense RNA into AtT20 cells, a pituitary cell line, to down-regulate AQP1 expression. These AQP1-deficient cells showed more than 60% depletion of DCSGs and significantly decreased DCSG protein levels, including proopiomelanocotin/pro-ATCH and prohormone convertase 1/3, but not non-DCSG proteins. Pulse-chase studies revealed that whereas DCSG protein synthesis was unaffected, approximately 50% of the newly synthesized proopiomelanocortin was degraded within 1 h. Low levels of ACTH were released upon stimulation, indicating that the small number of DCSGs that were made in the presence of the residual AQP1 were functionally competent for exocytosis. Analysis of anterior pituitaries from AQP1 knockout mice showed reduced prohormone convertase 1/3, carboxypeptidase E, and ACTH levels compared to wild-type mice demonstrating that our results observed in AtT20 cells can be extended to the animal model. Thus, AQP1 is important for maintaining DCSG biogenesis and normal levels of hormone secretion in pituitary endocrine cells.

scholarly journals ESTRUCTURA DE LA COMUNIDAD DE PECES EN LA BAHÍA LA ENTREGA, OAXACA, MÉXICO

2017 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduardo Ramos-Santiago ◽  
Margarito Tapia-García
Keyword(s):  
Coral Reef ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Dominant Species ◽  
Fish Community ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Field Of View ◽  
Rocky Reef ◽  
Sandy Bottom ◽  
Commercial Area ◽  
Made In

The ecological studieson the fish community in La Entrega Bay about its composition, diversity, distribution, and abundance7-288 Boletín de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras • Vol. 46 (1) • 2017are insufficient, although it has one of the largest structured coral reef, with a variety of environments,habitats, and aquatic organisms poorly studied. Five samples were made in November 2002, March andApril 2003, which correspond to the dry season; and June and August 2003 during the rainy season,through visual censuses with band transects of 10 m long and parallel to coastline. Each census wasconducted by two divers and considering a field of view of 5 m. Ten transects were distributed in thefollowing way: five in the coral reef, three in the rocky reef, and two in the sandy bottom in front ofthe commercial area of the Bay. A total of 65 species, 49 genus and 28 families were identified. Themost representative families were Labridae, with nine species and five genera, Pomacentridae witheight species and four genera and Tetraodontidae with five species and three genera. The greatestabundance of fish was characteristic of the coral reef, mainly during the rainy season. The greatestdiversity and specific richness occurred on the rocky reef during the rainy season. The classificationanalysis indicates a different community structure for coral reef, rocky, and sandy environments.Thalassoma lucasanum, Stegastes acapulcoensis, Prionurus punctatus, Chromis atrilobata,Haemulon maculicauda and Chaetodon humeralis were dominant species on the coral reef. Stegastesacapulcoensis, Microspathodon dorsalis, C. atrilobata, Apogon pacificus and Halichoeres notospiluswere dominant species on the rocky reef. Haemulon maculicauda, Haemulon steindachneri, Mugilcurema and Mulloidichthys dentatus were dominant species on the sandy environment. The specificrichness has a direct relationship with temperature. The abundance variations during the five months ofsampling were statistically different.

scholarly journals Targeted, Monitored, and Controlled Chemotherapy: A Multimodal Nanotechnology-Based Approach against Cancer

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Shakeri-Zadeh ◽  
Samideh Khoei ◽  
Sepideh Khoee ◽  
Ali Mohammad Sharifi ◽  
Mohammad-Bagher Shiran
Keyword(s):  
Drug Release ◽  
Anticancer Drugs ◽  
Polymeric Nanoparticles ◽  
Control Release ◽  
Controlled Drug Release ◽  
Drug Carriers ◽  
Chemotherapeutic Agents ◽  
Drug Uptake ◽  
Cancerous Cell ◽  
Cancer Tumor

We review innovative methods for treatment of cancer tumor on the basis of nanotechnology and physics to target, monitor and control release of chemotherapeutic agents. Chemotherapy is one of the main methods of treatment for cancer and plays a vital role in clinical practice, but side effects of anticancer drugs are still critical problems. Magnetic nanoparticles can be applied as an effective drug carriers and contrast agents for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Since certain nanoparticles have magnetic properties, they can be trapped in tumor during blood circulation by an external magnetic field. Also, polymeric nanoparticles are great candidates to encapsulate anticancer drugs and to control the release profile of drugs in biologic media. We suggest the construction of drug-loaded polymer-coated magnetic (DPM) nanoplatform with the potential for being utilized in medical imaging as well as having controlled drug release properties. Nanoplatform distribution can be monitored by MRI and with clever combination of ultrasound physics and suggested DPM nanoplatform, it would be feasible to increase the rate of drug release (in situ) and drug uptake by cancerous cell. To optimize the level of drug uptake by cancerous cell, the selection of ultrasound frequency and intensity is essential. The development of suggested method could be a new approach against cancer tumor.

scholarly journals Herbal Therapies for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Chemistry, Biology, and Potential Application of Selected Plants and Compounds

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cicero L. T. Chang ◽  
Yenshou Lin ◽  
Arlene P. Bartolome ◽  
Yi-Ching Chen ◽  
Shao-Chih Chiu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Glucose Lowering ◽  
Limited Efficacy ◽  
National Economic ◽  
Herbal Therapies ◽  
Made In

Diabetes mellitus has been recognized since antiquity. It currently affects as many as 285 million people worldwide and results in heavy personal and national economic burdens. Considerable progress has been made in orthodox antidiabetic drugs. However, new remedies are still in great demand because of the limited efficacy and undesirable side effects of current orthodox drugs. Nature is an extraordinary source of antidiabetic medicines. To date, more than 1200 flowering plants have been claimed to have antidiabetic properties. Among them, one-third have been scientifically studied and documented in around 460 publications. In this review, we select and discuss blood glucose-lowering medicinal herbs that have the ability to modulate one or more of the pathways that regulate insulin resistance,β-cell function, GLP-1 homeostasis, and glucose (re)absorption. Emphasis is placed on phytochemistry, anti-diabetic bioactivities, and likely mechanism(s). Recent progress in the understanding of the biological actions, mechanisms, and therapeutic potential of compounds and extracts of plant origin in type 2 diabetes is summarized. This review provides a source of up-to-date information for further basic and clinical research into herbal therapy for type 2 diabetes. Emerging views on therapeutic strategies for type 2 diabetes are also discussed.

scholarly journals Effect of a temperature rise on metal toxicity for the aquatic biota: a systematic review

2021 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 710-720
Author(s):  
Carla Juliana Nin ◽  
Suzelei Rodgher
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Temperature Rise ◽  
Climate Changes ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Intergovernmental Panel ◽  
Freshwater Organisms ◽  
Test Organisms ◽  
Effects Of Temperature ◽  
Made In

Ecosystems are subject to various stress factors, such as temperature rises due to climate changes and metal disposal. Thermal stress can amplify or mask the effects of metals on aquatic organisms. This study aims to carry out a systematic review on the effects of temperature rises due to climate changes on the toxicity of metals for freshwater organisms. Searches were made in different electronic databases and article selection was based on the following inclusion criteria: concordance with the question of a systematic review; publication in English, Spanish, and Portuguese between 1960 and 2020; and the use of standard methodology. Forty-three articles were included, which were classified with respect to the year and country of publication, test-organisms and metals studied, temperatures tested, and the effects observed. In 80% of the studies analyzed, a temperature rise was responsible for increasing the toxicity of metals for the aquatic organisms. The temperatures studied contemplated the temperature rise predicted by the Intergovernmental Panel for Climate Change at the end of the 21st century. Brazil stood out among the countries for having the greatest number of research studies in this area, although there is still the need for an increase in studies in tropical climate regions. Based on the literature review, it was shown that the metals most studied were copper and cadmium and the test-organisms most used in the research projects were fish. The information obtained from ecotoxicological studies is essential to predict the effects and prevent the risks associated with the metal contamination of aquatic ecosystems due to climate changes.

scholarly journals Acute Toxicity and DNA Instability Induced by Exposure to Low Doses of Triclosan and Phthalate DEHP, and Their Combinations, in vitro

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathalia de Assis Aguilar Duarte ◽  
Lindiane Eloisa de Lima ◽  
Flora Troina Maraslis ◽  
Michael Kundi ◽  
Emilene Arusievicz Nunes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Damage ◽  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Nuclear Division ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Human Cells ◽  
Dna Instability ◽  
Nuclear Division Index ◽  
Mutagenic Effects ◽  
The Impact

Triclosan (TCS) is an antimicrobial agent widely used in personal care products (PCP) and the di-(2-ethyl hydroxy-phthalate) (DEHP) is a chemical compound derived from phthalic acid, used in medical devices and plastic products with polyvinyl chloride (PVCs). As result of their extensive use, TCS and DEHP have been found in the environment and previous studies demonstrated the association between their exposure and toxic effects, mostly in aquatic organisms, but there is a shortage in the literature concerning the exposure of TCS and DEHP in human cells. The aim of the present study was to assess the impact of exposure to TCS and DEHP, as well as their combinations, on biomarkers related to acute toxicity and DNA instability, in HepG2 cells, by use of cytokinesis-block micronucleus cytome (CBMNCyt) assay. For that, the cultures were exposed to TCS, DEHP and combinations at doses of 0.10, 1.0, and 10 μM for the period of 4 h and the parameters related to DNA damage (i.e., frequencies of micronuclei (MN) and nuclear buds (NBUDs), to cell division (i.e., nuclear division index (NDI) and nuclear division cytotoxic index (NDCI) and to cell death (apoptotic and necrotic cells) were scored. Clear mutagenic effects were seen in cells treated with TCS, DEHP at doses of 1.0 and 10 μM, but no combined effects were observed when the cells were exposed to the combinations of TCS + DEHP. On the other hand, the combination of the toxicants significantly increased the frequencies of apoptotic and necrotic cells, as well as induced alterations of biomarkers related to cell viability (NDI and NDCI), when compared to the groups treated only with TCS or DEHP. Taken together, the results showed that TCS and DEHP are also able to induce acute toxicity and DNA damage in human cells.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document