Frugal Innovations in Healthcare: Factors Affecting the Diffusion in Developing Economies

2021 ◽  
pp. 31-51
Author(s):  
Hareem Arshad
Keyword(s):  
Developing Economies ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Frugal Innovations

scholarly journals Financing Growth through Remittances and Foreign Direct Investment: Evidences from Balkan Countries

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 117
Author(s):  
Esmeralda Jushi ◽  
Eglantina Hysa ◽  
Arjona Cela ◽  
Mirela Panait ◽  
Marian Catalin Voica
Keyword(s):  
Developing Economies ◽  
Central Banks ◽  
Sustainable Growth ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Foreign Direct Investments ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Balkan Countries ◽  
To Come ◽  
Sustainable Economic Growth ◽  
The Impact

The ultimate goal of central banks, worldwide, is to promote the foundations for sustainable economic growth. In the case of developing economies, in particular, such objective requires time, huge efforts, attention, and plenty of resources in order to be accomplished to the fullest degree. This paper thoroughly investigates key factors affecting Balkan countries’ economic development (as measured by gross domestic product (GDP) growth), focusing especially on the impact of remittances. The analysis was done over an 18-year time interval (2000–2017) and builds on 144 observations. The data figures were retrieved from the World Bank database while two dummies were created to test the impact of the last financial crisis (2008–2012). Econometric tools were employed to carry out a broad analysis on the interdependencies that exist and, in particular, to determine the role of remittance income on growth. The vector auto regressive model was estimated using EViews software, and was used to come up with relevant insights. Empirical findings suggest the following: population growth, remittances, and labor force participation are insignificant factors for sustainable growth. On the other hand, previous levels of GDP, trade, and foreign direct investments (FDIs) appear to be relevant for the predictor. This research provides up-to-date conclusions, which can be considered during the decision-making process of central banks, as well as by government policymakers.

Factors Affecting the Sustainability of Microfinance Institutions: A Case of Malawi Microfinance Institutions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helex Kayembe ◽  
Yunjian Lin ◽  
George N. Chidimbah Munthali ◽  
Wu Xuelian ◽  
Lazarus Obed Livingstone Banda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Governance ◽  
Portfolio Management ◽  
Developing Economies ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Microfinance Institutions ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Loan Portfolio ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Affecting

Abstract Background: Micro Finance Institutions (MFIs) have been used as a tool for poverty alleviation in many developing economies globally, including Malawi. However, their sustainability in many countries has been dependent solely on loan repayment, donor aid, and subsidies. Aim: This study aimed at investigating the factors that influence the sustainability of MFIs in Malawi. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted from November to December 2020 among the MFIs employees in the central region of Malawi. Convenience and purposive sampling techniques were used to collect data online using a google form sent via social media platforms. Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS software with Statistical significance placed at .05. Results: 120 respondents completed the survey representing a 79.3% response rate, of which 63% were male. The majority of the respondents fell within the age group of 31-40 years, representing 58%, having attained universities and vocational colleges' education level, representing 32.8%. With an experience of above 16 years, representing 41.2% of which were branch managers, representing 49.6%. The results of the ordinary least square regression indicated that reporting and loan management system (RLMS) (β=0.200, P=0.021), corporate-governance (β=0.257, P=0.004), and commercialization (β=0.161, P=0.047) were positively significantly influencing the sustainability of MFI. On the other hand, loan design/type (β =-0.211, P=0.006), loan portfolio management (β =-0.179, P=0.050) were found to be negatively impacting the MFI. Lastly, variables of over-indebtedness (B= 0.077, P=0.426), loan disbursement (β =0.121, P=0.104) were found statistically insignificant. Conclusion: Our study argues that commercialization, standardized reporting, and effective loan portfolio management systems, stakeholder-based approach to corporate governance, and favored board independence through scale and cost management is critical to improving MFIs' financial sustainability.

scholarly journals Factors Affecting the Sustainability Performance of Financial Institutions in Bangladesh: The Role of Green Finance

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (18) ◽  
pp. 10165
Author(s):  
Guang-Wen Zheng ◽  
Abu Bakkar Siddik ◽  
Mohammad Masukujjaman ◽  
Nazneen Fatema
Keyword(s):  
Financial Institutions ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Developing Economies ◽  
Essential Element ◽  
The Body ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Sustainability Performance ◽  
Green Finance

Despite the increasing popularity of green finance and sustainable investment in the field of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), very few studies have investigated the effect of green finance dimensions on the sustainable performance of banks. Therefore, this study attempts to examine the dimensions of green finance and their effects on the sustainability performance of financial institutions in developing economies such as Bangladesh. The study also depicts the level of green financing adoption among the banks and non-bank financial institutions in the country between 2015 and 2020. Considering the nature of the dataset, the structural equation modeling technique was employed in this study to fulfil the research objectives. Amongst banks and non-bank financial institutions, the study highlighted private commercial banks as being the highest contributor to green financing, accounting for 78.12% of the total green financing in Bangladesh. In addition, the empirical findings revealed that the dimensions of green finance are related to the economic, social, and environmental aspects of the SDGs. Furthermore, empirical findings indicated that the dimensions of green finance—social, economic, and environmental—have a strong positive effect on the sustainability performance of banks. The study also discovered that approximately 95% of bankers identify green financing as an essential element in the short- and long-term development of banking strategies in Bangladesh. Consequently, this study adds to the body of knowledge on green finance development and the sustainability performance of banks and financial institutions in emerging economies such as Bangladesh. Therefore, major managerial policy implications are discussed.

scholarly journals Barriers and potential solutions for MSMEs in developing economies: Evidence from India

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 325-337
Author(s):  
Bishwajeet Prakash ◽  
Indrajit Kumar ◽  
Jainendra Kumar Verma
Keyword(s):  
Good Governance ◽  
Developing Economies ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Small And Medium Enterprises ◽  
Developing Regions ◽  
Potential Growth ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Analysis Technique ◽  
Medium Enterprises ◽  
Bihar State

Micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs) have emerged as an accelerator of economic growth with a sizeable contribution in job creation, innovation development, and reduction of regional disparities in most world economies. This paper investigates the influence of external and internal factors affecting the growth of MSMEs in poor-performing Bihar state, India. The objective of the study is to identify the major deep-rooted causes for the inability of MSMEs to compete in developing states and identify potential solutions. The study is based on an empirical database; it tested various dimensions of MSMEs barriers in their potential growth. The target group included MSMEs of Bihar state, India, using a sample of 450 entrepreneurs. The paper adopted a multistage stage sampling and multivariate analysis technique. The results showed that there are twelve major potential barriers, both endogenous and exogenous, faced by MSMEs, such as availability of raw materials, financial issues, labor force challenges, technology inefficiency, power/electricity scarcity, poor marketing, competition, knowledge-related challenges, government and administration problems, infrastructure inefficiency, etc. The findings show that these barriers affect the promotion and growth of MSMEs in developing regions. In future, it is suggested to focus on the implementation of good governance that helps to remove effectively the major barriers of MSMEs in underdeveloped states, such as Bihar, India.

B2B E-Commerce Infrastructure Success Factors for Small Companies in Developing Economies

2004 ◽  
pp. 185-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Murray E. Jennex ◽  
Don Amoroso ◽  
Olayele Adelakun
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Critical Success Factors ◽  
Success Factors ◽  
Developing Economies ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Small Companies ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Critical Success ◽  
Key Policy

This chapter looks into the key infrastructure factors affecting the success of small companies in developing economies that are establishing B2B e-commerce ventures by aggregating critical success factors from general e-commerce studies and studies from e-commerce in developing countries. The factors were identified through a literature review and case studies of two organizations. The results of the pilot study and literature review reveal five groups of success factors that contribute to the success of B2B e-commerce. These factors were later assessed for importance using a survey. The outcome of our analysis reveals a reduced list of key critical success factors that SMEs should emphasize as well as a couple of key policy implications for governments in developing countries.

scholarly journals Why Choose to Cycle in a Low-Income Country?

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (18) ◽  
pp. 7775
Author(s):  
Rahat Sabyrbekov ◽  
Indra Overland
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Developing Economies ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Income Country ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Low Income Country ◽  
Mode Of Transport ◽  
Lower Income Countries

Research on the adoption of the bicycle as a means of transport has been booming in high-income countries. However, little is known about bicycle adoption in lower-income countries where air pollution is high and cycling infrastructure is poor. Understanding the drivers of cycling adoption in developing economies can increase the efficiency of transport policies while reducing local air pollution, improving health, and cutting greenhouse gas emissions. The objective of this study is to identify the factors affecting cycling uptake in a low-income country using the city of Bishkek in Kyrgyzstan as a case study. The analysis is based on the Theory of Planned Behavior, a questionnaire-based survey of 900 respondents, factor analysis, and a logit model. In contrast to studies carried out in developed countries, this study finds that students are less likely to adopt cycling than other population groups. Other findings suggest that support for public transport, a desire for regular exercise and perceptions of the environmental benefits of cycling increase the probability of the use of cycling as a mode of transport in a low-income country. The paper also identifies positive and negative perceptions of cycling among cyclists and non-cyclists.

Factors affecting the performance of private party in concession-based PPP projects in Nigeria

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akintayo Opawole ◽  
Godwin Onajite Jagboro
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Success Factors ◽  
Developing Economies ◽  
Private Investment ◽  
Market Potential ◽  
Southwestern Nigeria ◽  
Relative Significance ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Private Party

Purpose Notwithstanding the remarkable market potential of the Nigerian economy for private investment, the current sociopolitical characteristics had necessitated a careful assessment to inform decisions in long-term investments. The purpose of this paper is therefore to evaluate the success factors that have a specific influence on private party’s performance in concession contracts in Nigeria. Design/methodology/approach Respondents involved in the study were participants in concession-based contracts in Southwestern Nigeria that included architects, estate surveyors, quantity surveyors, engineers and builders, accountants/bankers/economists and lawyers. These were selected using random and respondent-driven sampling (RDS) approaches. The research instrument adopted was a questionnaire that enlisted questions which were structured to ensure that the respondents have appropriate experience in concession-based projects and hold appropriate positions as decision-makers so as to give credence to collected data. The highest significant factors were identified through the relative significance index (RSI). By exploring factor analysis, the factors were condensed for discussion under appropriate component headings. The value of Kaiser–Meyer–Olkin (KMO, 0.755) measure of sampling adequacy tests carried out showed that the data collected were adequate for the factor analysis, and the Bartlett’s test of sphericity (χ2 = 1,799.339; df = 630; p < 0.001) was highly significant. Findings Factors influencing private party performance clustered under eight components, namely, technical, market maturity, political, legal, finance, procurement, incentive and regulation. However, component items including level of understanding of public–private alliance transactions, stability of exchange rate and provisions for reversion of policies were found to be highly significant. On the other hand, status of domestication and implementation of international laws/codes, predictability in legal regime and enforcement and extent of jurisdictional definition of land usage were least significant. Originality/value Findings would guide private investors in the preparation of robust investment packages that reduce risks and seemingly unavoidable opportunistic tendencies associated with public–private partnership projects in developing economies.

scholarly journals The Survival Rates of SMEs in Turkey and the Conceptual Framework of Factors Affecting IT

2021 ◽  
Vol 04 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Erkut Akkartal ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Developing Economies ◽  
Growth Management ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Managerial Practices ◽  
Finance Management ◽  
Empirically Supported ◽  
Literature Reviews ◽  
The Relationship

SMEs are vitally important enterprises as they are a source of income and employment in both developed and developing economies. However, despite their importance, only a small part of them survive for many years. Therefore, identifying the factors that enable SMEs to survive will play an important role in attracting entrepreneurs’ attention and encouraging them to take steps to ensure the survival of their enterprises. In the literature, these factors are considered independently of each other. In this context, there is a gap in the literature that requires to demonstrate the relationship between these factors. This article aims to contribute to the literature by identifying factors affecting the survival of SMEs in Turkey and providing a conceptual framework that explains their relationships. In the proposed framework, managerial practices, entrepreneurial traits, market adaptation, growth management and finance management were considered as the main constructs. If this conceptual framework, which was revealed as a result of field observations and detailed literature reviews, is empirically supported by further studies, it can create an alternative perspective that will inspire SME owners in Turkey to keep their companies alive for years.

scholarly journals Analysis of the Determinants of Innovation in Developing Countries: A Vector Auto-regression Approach

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (03) ◽  
pp. 1631-1644
Author(s):  
Benjamin Azembila Asunka ◽  
Zhiqiang Ma ◽  
Mingxing Li ◽  
Oswin Anaba Aganda
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Developing Economies ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Government Procurement ◽  
Causality Test ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Country Level ◽  
Innovation Activities ◽  
Vector Auto Regression ◽  
Auto Regression

Several factors account for innovation output in developed economies as documented in extant literature. The objective of this study is to make a case for a multi-faceted approach to innovation in developing countries. To analyze various factors affecting innovation, a sample of 43 developing countries is taken and the period of study is between 2009 and 2018.  A vector auto-regression model is used in a panel data setting to test the effect of various variables on innovation at country level, a granger causality test is also conducted to determine the causal relationship among these factors that together can spur innovation activities. Findings suggest a strong influence of R&D and government procurement of technology on the advancement of innovation. R&D is largely affected by the quality of research institutions and university-industry collaborative research, thus showing the strength of the effect of these variables on innovation. Scientists and engineers with requisite expertise greatly improve a country’s innovation efforts, however, developing countries do not benefit fully from the economic value of these experts. These results show that an integration of all these factors is a good approach to enhancing innovation in developing economies.

scholarly journals SELF-EMPLOYMENT AS AN ECONOMIC ADAPTATION FORM OF THE RUSSIA AND KAZAKHSTAN REGIONS POPULATION

2021 ◽  
pp. 10-23
Author(s):  
S. V. Doroshenko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Developing Economies ◽  
Influence Factors ◽  
The Self ◽  
Labor Costs ◽  
Software Environment ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Self Employment ◽  
Depth Analysis

The scale of changes in the current stage of social development actualizes the study of various adaptation models and mechanisms. The main purpose of the study is a comparative analysis of the self-employed form of the Russia and Kazakhstan population adaptation, as well as the identification of factors affecting self-employment. The methods of normative, comparative, statistical, correlation and regression analysis were used. It is determined that self-employment by a combination of such characteristics as risk, independence, income, tax payment is a form of the adaptation entrepreneurial model, which is more typical for developing economies or unstable periods. It is revealed that the cross-country comparative analysis has certain limitations due to different regulatory approaches to the allocation of the self-employed category. Comparative studies require taking into account the contextual component, and they also need to be supplemented with the study of factors affecting self-employment. The study novelty is to identify demographic and economic factors affecting self-employment, the assessment of which on the example of the Kazakhstan regions was the regression analysis task. The information base was the Bureau of National Statistics of the Agency for Strategic Planning and Reforms of the Kazakhstan Republic data. The study was conducted in the R software environment. The assessment results showed that the choice of self-employed form is directly influenced by age, gender, place of residence, unemployment, the opposite — labor costs, stability conditions. These conclusions should be taken into account when forming state support measures. The prospects for further research are largely determined by the level of statistical and other information about self-employed citizens. In this regard, it seems promising for Kazakhstan to continue research with an emphasis on certain categories of the self-employed, analysis of the influence of various factors. For Russia today, the use of sociological surveys is preferable, and the formation of a statistical base over time will allow for a more in-depth analysis of the influence factors.

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