The Israeli Case: The Lack of Societal Pressure to Modify the Religious Marriage Policy

2021 ◽  
pp. 89-117
Author(s):  
Niva Golan-Nadir
Keyword(s):  
Societal Pressure

A cry still unheard: A menace of female foeticide societal attitude towards female foeticide

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Mona Arora
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Female Infanticide ◽  
Patriarchal Society ◽  
Societal Pressure ◽  
Societal Attitude

India has an age old fascination with the boy child and considers the birthof a girl as a bad investment in future. A girl is considered to be consumer ratherthan a producer, and this narrow viewpoint of the Indian patriarchal society haslead to horrid practices like female infanticide and female foeticide. There is societal pressure for women to have male children and failurestend to feel guilty after giving birth to a girl. Such women are at risk of beingbeaten and rejected by their husbands. This can even lead to rejection by in -lawsand by the society as a whole. Keeping in view the above discourse the presentpaper aims to study the attitude of society towards female foeticide.

scholarly journals Routinization of prenatal screening with the non-invasive prenatal test: pregnant women’s perspectives

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karuna R. M. van der Meij ◽  
Annabel Njio ◽  
Linda Martin ◽  
Janneke T. Gitsels-van der Wal ◽  
Mireille N. Bekker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Down Syndrome ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Prenatal Screening ◽  
Screening Program ◽  
Informed Choice ◽  
Aneuploidy Screening ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Fetal Aneuploidy ◽  
Societal Pressure ◽  
Prenatal Test

AbstractDue to the favorable test characteristics of the non-invasive prenatal test (NIPT) in the screening of fetal aneuploidy, there has been a strong and growing demand for implementation. In the Netherlands, NIPT is offered within a governmentally supported screening program as a first-tier screening test for all pregnant women (TRIDENT-2 study). However, concerns have been raised that the test’s favorable characteristics might lead to uncritical use, also referred to as routinization. This study addresses women’s perspectives on prenatal screening with NIPT by evaluating three aspects related to routinization: informed choice, freedom to choose and (personal and societal) perspectives on Down syndrome. Nationwide, a questionnaire was completed by 751 pregnant women after receiving counseling for prenatal screening. Of the respondents, the majority (75.5%) made an informed choice for prenatal screening as measured by the multidimensional measure of informed choice (MMIC). Education level and religious affiliation were significant predictors of informed choice. The main reason to accept screening was “seeking reassurance” (25.5%), and the main reason to decline was “every child is welcome” (30.6%). The majority of respondents (87.7%) did not perceive societal pressure to test. Differences between test-acceptors and test-decliners in personal and societal perspectives on Down syndrome were found. Our study revealed high rates of informed decision-making and perceived freedom to choose regarding fetal aneuploidy screening, suggesting that there is little reason for concern about routinization of NIPT based on the perspectives of Dutch pregnant women. Our findings highlight the importance of responsible implementation of NIPT within a national screening program.

scholarly journals Understanding the Sources of Stress and Coping Ways of Girls Residing in Hostel

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Supriya Dwivedi ◽  
Archana Mishra
Keyword(s):  
Thematic Analysis ◽  
Gender Discrimination ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
Stress And Coping ◽  
Societal Pressure ◽  
Environmental Setting ◽  
Diary Writing ◽  
Related Stress ◽  
And Coping ◽  
Different Sources

The present study aimed at understanding the sources of stress and coping ways of girls dwelling in hostel. Sources of stress may vary in different environmental setting. Hostel’s environment poses different kind of challenges for students. In India only a few girls are sent to hostel for study purpose as their marriage is given more priority than education. Therefore, 12 hostel girls studying in University of Allahabad were approached in order to collect data. Focus Group Discussion (FGD) was conducted with girls. The FGD was audio recorded with the permission of girls and the audio recording of discussion was transcribed line by line. The Hindi transcription of the discussion was translated into English. Thematic analysis was used for interpreting the data. Patterns regarding different sources of stress were identified. Family related stress, career related stress, marriage related stress, gender discrimination, societal pressure, unhygienic environment of the hostel and adjustment problem with the roommate were the major themes derived from the patterns found in discussion. The themes that were derived for coping ways were: avoidance, back bitching, Faith in God, technology involvement, reliving positive moments of life, diary writing, painting, studying, sharing and meditation.

Editorial

2008 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 6-6
Author(s):  
Masa Noguchi
Keyword(s):  
United Nations ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
Environmentally Sustainable ◽  
Legal Enforcement ◽  
Societal Pressure ◽  
Industrialized Nations ◽  
Future Potential ◽  
Environment And Development ◽  
The United Nations

Homes need to be socially, economically, and environmentally sustainable in response to societal pressure on our common future. The concept of ‘Sustainable Development’ was first advocated by the World Commission on Environment and Development, dated back to 1987, and it was considered as ‘a process of change in which the exploitation of resources, the direction of investments, the orientation of technological development, and institutional change are all in harmony and enhance both current and future potential to meet needs and aspirations.’ In 1992, this notion was given additional impetus at the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (or the Earth Summit) held in Rio de Janeiro where an initial international treaty on environment was produced; however, this had neither limits on green house gas emissions nor legal enforcement provisions for individual nations. In 1997, the text of the Kyoto Protocol to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change was adopted eventually at the 3rd Conference of the Parties held in Kyoto, Japan. As of April 2008, 178 states signed and ratified the Protocol; in consequence, most industrialized nations and some central European countries agreed to legally binding the reductions of greenhouse gas emissions of an average of 6 to 8% below 1990 levels between the years 2008 and 2012.

Data Mining Statewide Department of Transportation Volumetrically Designed Asphalt Mixture Records

2021 ◽  
pp. 036119812110613
Author(s):  
Ben C. Cox ◽  
Jonathan Easterling ◽  
W. Griffin Sullivan ◽  
Alex Middleton ◽  
Isaac L. Howard
Keyword(s):  
Asphalt Binder ◽  
Asphalt Mixture ◽  
Mechanical Tests ◽  
Unintended Consequences ◽  
Mix Design ◽  
Department Of Transportation ◽  
Database Analysis ◽  
Societal Pressure ◽  
Asphalt Content ◽  
Asphalt Paving

In recent years, the asphalt paving industry has been strained by numerous factors including increased asphalt binder costs, funding that has not kept up with material costs, increased societal pressure to recycle, and deteriorating pavement networks. Mix design should account for the market in which it is used, which is very different now than when today’s volumetric mix design practices were developed (many of the aforementioned factors were less present). Given this reality, a statewide database of all 1,452 approved mix designs in Mississippi from 2005 to 2018 was compiled and analyzed, and the objective of this paper is to present findings, trends, and unintended consequences of exclusive reliance on volumetrics. With volumetrics-only mix design, asphalt content is primarily controlled by voids in mineral aggregate (VMA), which is influenced by aggregate bulk specific gravity (Gsb). Minor Gsb deviations (i.e., within AASHTO d2 s limits), can significantly affect VMA, so much so that 99% of Mississippi’s mixes could be failing VMA while reported VMA passes. This allows mix manipulation and economization, with 0.8% asphalt content reductions possible while still meeting volumetric requirements. Recycled materials can exacerbate this issue, and common approaches to increase asphalt content (decreasing design gyration level or using finer gradations) are ineffective with fixed VMA requirements. Overall, the mix design database analysis agrees with numerous smaller studies but does so with an entire state’s actual practice. This presents a compelling case that volumetrics-only mix design has limitations, and supports ongoing efforts to reintegrate mechanical tests.

scholarly journals Implementing non‐invasive prenatal testing (NIPT) in the Netherlands: An interview study exploring opinions about and experiences with societal pressure, reimbursement, and an expanding scope

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 112-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iris M. Bakkeren ◽  
Adriana Kater‐Kuipers ◽  
Eline M. Bunnik ◽  
Attie T. J. I. Go ◽  
Aad Tibben ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Prenatal Testing ◽  
Interview Study ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Societal Pressure

Surgical Management of Sinus Disease in Children

1992 ◽  
Vol 101 (1_suppl) ◽  
pp. 42-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott C. Manning
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Disease ◽  
Care Setting ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Underlying Disease ◽  
Sinus Surgery ◽  
Sinus Disease ◽  
Endoscopic Techniques ◽  
The Past ◽  
Disease States ◽  
Societal Pressure

In the past few years, interest in pediatric sinus surgery has increased in response to the introduction of new endoscopic techniques and to mounting societal pressure to resolve the problem of persistent rhinosinusitis in the day-care setting. As yet, there are no prospective controlled studies demonstrating efficacy of sinus surgery in children with uncomplicated acute or recurrent acute sinusitis, and medical management overwhelmingly remains the treatment of choice for these patients. Sinus surgery may be indicated, however, for three groups of pediatric patients: those with true chronic disease, those with serious underlying disease states aggravated by recurrent sinusitis, and those with suppurative complications of sinusitis.

scholarly journals Breastfeeding as a balancing act – pregnant Swedish women’s voices on breastfeeding

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Karin Cato ◽  
Sara M. Sylvén ◽  
Helena Wahlström Henriksson ◽  
Christine Rubertsson
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Ecological Model ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Ethical Review ◽  
Breastfeeding Support ◽  
Breastfeeding Intention ◽  
Societal Norms ◽  
Societal Pressure ◽  
Mixed Messages

Abstract Background Breastfeeding provides health benefits to both women and children. The rationale behind an individual woman’s decision to breastfeed or not can depend on several factors, either independently or in combination. The aim of the current study was to explore attitudes towards breastfeeding among pregnant women in Sweden who intend to breastfeed. Methods Eleven mothers-to-be, one of whom had previous breastfeeding experience, participated in the study. The women were interviewed either by telephone or face-to-face during late pregnancy, with the aim of exploring their attitudes towards breastfeeding. A semi-structured interview-guide was used, and the transcripts of the interviews were analyzed using thematic analysis. The social ecological model of health is the theory-based framework underpinning this study. The model provides a comprehensive approach to understanding the factors that influence breastfeeding intention. Results When interviewed during pregnancy, women described breastfeeding as a balancing act between societal norms and personal desires. The women perceived a societal pressure to breastfeed, however it was accompanied by boundaries and mixed messages. This perceived pressure was balanced by their own knowledge of breastfeeding, in particular their knowledge of other women’s experience of breastfeeding. When envisioning their future breastfeeding, the women made uncertain and preliminary plans, and negotiated the benefits and drawbacks of breastfeeding. There was a wish for individual breastfeeding support and information. Conclusions Pregnant Swedish women perceive their future breastfeeding as a balancing act between societal norms and personal desires. These findings suggest that while discussing breastfeeding during pregnancy, it could be of interest to collect information from pregnant women on their knowledge of breastfeeding and from where they have gained this knowledge, since stories from family and friends may make them question their own capacity to breastfeed. A thorough review of the woman’s experiences and attitudes of breastfeeding is important in order to offer the best evidence-based breastfeeding support. Trial registration Ethical approval for the study was obtained from the Regional Ethical Review Board in Uppsala (Dnr: 2017/256).

scholarly journals Directional dependency and coastal framework geology: implications for barrier island resilience

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 1139-1153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Phillipe A. Wernette ◽  
Chris Houser ◽  
Bradley A. Weymer ◽  
Mark E. Everett ◽  
Michael P. Bishop ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coastal Management ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Moving Average ◽  
Barrier Island ◽  
Arfima Models ◽  
Societal Pressure ◽  
Dune Morphology ◽  
Padre Island ◽  
National Seashore

Abstract. Barrier island transgression is influenced by the alongshore variation in beach and dune morphology, which determines the amount of sediment moved landward through wash-over. While several studies have demonstrated how variations in dune morphology affect island response to storms, the reasons for that variation and the implications for island management remain unclear. This paper builds on previous research by demonstrating that paleo-channels in the irregular framework geology can have a directional influence on alongshore beach and dune morphology. The influence of relict paleo-channels on beach and dune morphology on Padre Island National Seashore, Texas, was quantified by isolating the long-range dependence (LRD) parameter in autoregressive fractionally integrated moving average (ARFIMA) models, originally developed for stock market economic forecasting. ARFIMA models were fit across ∼250 unique spatial scales and a moving window approach was used to examine how LRD varied with computational scale and location along the island. The resulting LRD matrices were plotted by latitude to place the results in the context of previously identified variations in the framework geology. Results indicate that the LRD is not constant alongshore for all surface morphometrics. Many flares in the LRD plots correlate to relict infilled paleo-channels, indicating that the framework geology has a significant influence on the morphology of Padre Island National Seashore (PAIS). Barrier island surface morphology LRD is strongest at large paleo-channels and decreases to the north. The spatial patterns in LRD surface morphometrics and framework geology variations demonstrate that the influence of paleo-channels can be asymmetric (i.e., affecting beach–dune morphology preferentially in one direction alongshore) where the alongshore sediment transport gradient was unidirectional during island development. The asymmetric influence of framework geology on coastal morphology has long-term implications for coastal management activities because it dictates the long-term behavior of a barrier island. Coastal management projects should first seek to assess the framework geology and understand how it influences coastal processes in order to more effectively balance long-term natural variability with short-term societal pressure.

Southern Literature, Cold War Culture, and the Making of Modern America

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jordan J. Dominy
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Cold War ◽  
Civil Rights ◽  
Civil Rights Movement ◽  
Southern Literature ◽  
American Exceptionalism ◽  
The United States ◽  
Societal Pressure ◽  
The Cold War

The formalized study of southern literature in the mid-twentieth century is an example of scholars formalizing the study of modernist aesthetics in order to suppress leftist politics and sentiments in literature and art. This formalized, institutional study was initiated in a climate in which intellectuals were under societal pressure, created by the Cold War, to praise literary and artistic production representative of American values. This even in southern literary studies occurred roughly at the same time that the United States sought to extoll the virtues of America’s free, democratic society abroad. In this manner, southern studies and American studies become two sides of the same coin. Intellectuals and writers that promoted American exceptionalism dealt with the rising Civil Rights Movement and the nation’s complicated history with race and poverty by casting the issues as moral rather than political problems that were distinctly southern and could therefore be corrected by drawing on “exceptional” southern values, such as tradition and honor. The result of such maneuvering is that over the course of the twentieth century, “south” becomes more than a geographical identity. Ultimately, “south” becomes a socio-political and cultural identity associated with modern conservatism with no geographical boundaries. Rather than a country divided into south and north, the United States is divided in the twenty-first century into red and blue states. The result of using southern literature to present southern values as appropriate, moderate values for the whole nation during the Cold War is to associate these values with nationalism and conservatism today.

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