Data Mining Statewide Department of Transportation Volumetrically Designed Asphalt Mixture Records

2021 ◽  
pp. 036119812110613
Author(s):  
Ben C. Cox ◽  
Jonathan Easterling ◽  
W. Griffin Sullivan ◽  
Alex Middleton ◽  
Isaac L. Howard
Keyword(s):  
Asphalt Binder ◽  
Asphalt Mixture ◽  
Mechanical Tests ◽  
Unintended Consequences ◽  
Mix Design ◽  
Department Of Transportation ◽  
Database Analysis ◽  
Societal Pressure ◽  
Asphalt Content ◽  
Asphalt Paving

In recent years, the asphalt paving industry has been strained by numerous factors including increased asphalt binder costs, funding that has not kept up with material costs, increased societal pressure to recycle, and deteriorating pavement networks. Mix design should account for the market in which it is used, which is very different now than when today’s volumetric mix design practices were developed (many of the aforementioned factors were less present). Given this reality, a statewide database of all 1,452 approved mix designs in Mississippi from 2005 to 2018 was compiled and analyzed, and the objective of this paper is to present findings, trends, and unintended consequences of exclusive reliance on volumetrics. With volumetrics-only mix design, asphalt content is primarily controlled by voids in mineral aggregate (VMA), which is influenced by aggregate bulk specific gravity (Gsb). Minor Gsb deviations (i.e., within AASHTO d2 s limits), can significantly affect VMA, so much so that 99% of Mississippi’s mixes could be failing VMA while reported VMA passes. This allows mix manipulation and economization, with 0.8% asphalt content reductions possible while still meeting volumetric requirements. Recycled materials can exacerbate this issue, and common approaches to increase asphalt content (decreasing design gyration level or using finer gradations) are ineffective with fixed VMA requirements. Overall, the mix design database analysis agrees with numerous smaller studies but does so with an entire state’s actual practice. This presents a compelling case that volumetrics-only mix design has limitations, and supports ongoing efforts to reintegrate mechanical tests.

Performance-based mix design of unmodified and lime-modified hot mix asphalt

2012 ◽  
Vol 39 (7) ◽  
pp. 824-833 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sangyum Lee ◽  
Cheolmin Baek ◽  
Je-Jin Park
Keyword(s):  
Performance Test ◽  
Hot Mix Asphalt ◽  
Permanent Deformation ◽  
Asphalt Mixture ◽  
Fatigue Cracking ◽  
Mix Design ◽  
Direct Tension ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Asphalt Content ◽  
National Cooperative

This paper presents the performance evaluation of unmodified and lime-modified hot mix asphalt (HMA) mixtures at varying asphalt content using asphalt mixture performance test developed from National Cooperative Highway Research Program project 9-19 and 9-29 and the viscoelastic continuum damage finite element analysis. Test methods adopted in this study are the dynamic modulus test for stiffness, the triaxial repeated load permanent deformation test for rutting, and the direct tension test for fatigue cracking. The findings from this study support conventional understanding of the effects of asphalt content and lime modification on the fatigue cracking and rutting performance. Finally, the optimum asphalt content for both lime-modified and unmodified mixtures are proposed based on the knowledge gleaned from the performance-based mix design methodology. With additional validation and calibration, the comprehensive methodology described in this paper may serve as the foundation for a performance-based HMA mix design and performance-related HMA specifications.

Field Performance and Economic Analysis of Rehabilitated Pavement Sections with Engineered Stress Relief Course Interlayers

2019 ◽  
Vol 2673 (5) ◽  
pp. 351-364 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jhony Habbouche ◽  
Elie Y. Hajj ◽  
Murugaiyah Piratheepan ◽  
Peter E. Sebaaly ◽  
Nathan E. Morian
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Cost Analysis ◽  
Life Cycle Cost ◽  
Asphalt Binder ◽  
Asphalt Mixture ◽  
Field Performance ◽  
Stress Relief ◽  
Mix Design ◽  
Reflective Cracking ◽  
Promising Technique

Previous studies showed that the use of a stress relief course asphalt concrete (AC) interlayer (fine-graded asphalt mixture) between an AC overlay and the milled AC surface is a promising technique to mitigate reflective cracking. A performance-based mix design specification for an engineered stress relief course (ESRC) AC interlayer was developed and implemented in Nevada on two field projects. The projects were completed in summer of 2015 and 2016 on a U.S. route (US95, Las Vegas) and a residential road (Hidden Valley, Reno) in Nevada, respectively. The performance evaluation of field-produced mixtures collected during construction showed good stability, and increased resistance to fatigue and reflective cracking that can be attributed to the increased asphalt binder content and the finer aggregate gradation, thus making ESRC a promising technique to mitigate reflective cracking. This was also supported by the distress survey data collected throughout the up-to-date service life of the projects. The pavements with ESRC interlayer showed excellent performance thus far (after 2 to 3 years) when compared with the control sections, as demonstrated with a much lower level of cracking reflected in the AC overlay. A simple life cycle cost analysis was performed based on the observed field distresses from each project. The cost analysis showed that even though the ESRC mixture has a higher initial cost of materials, the agency and user life cycle costs per lane mile are lower and resulted in an average cost saving of 23%. In summary, based on the findings from this study, interlayer AC mixes designed using the presented ESRC performance-based mix design method should be used in Nevada.

Expansion Level of Steel Slag Aggregate Effects on Both Material Properties and Asphalt Mixture Performance

2019 ◽  
Vol 2673 (3) ◽  
pp. 506-515 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jamilla Emi Sudo Lutif Teixeira ◽  
Aecio Guilherme Schumacher ◽  
Patrício Moreira Pires ◽  
Verônica Teixeira Franco Castelo Branco ◽  
Henrique Barbosa Martins
Keyword(s):  
Material Properties ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Asphalt Binder ◽  
Steel Slag ◽  
Asphalt Mixture ◽  
Asphalt Mixtures ◽  
Mix Design ◽  
Expansion Level ◽  
Different Levels

The influence of steel slag expansion level on the early stage performance of hot mix asphalt (HMA) is evaluated. Initially, samples of Linz-Donawitz type steel slag with different levels of expansion (6.71%, 3.16%, 1.33%) were submitted to physical, mechanical, and morphological characterization to assess the effects of expansion on individual material properties. Steel slag was then used as aggregate in HMA to verify the effects of its expansion characteristics on the volumetric and mechanical performance of the asphalt mixture. Four different asphalt mixtures were designed based on Marshall mix design, using asphalt cement (pen. grade 50/70), natural aggregate (granite), and steel slag (in three different levels of expansion). The mechanical characteristics of the asphalt mixture were evaluated based on results from Marshall stability, indirect tensile strength, and resilient modulus testing. A modified Pennsylvania testing method (PTM) was also performed on the studied asphalt mixtures to verify the potential of asphalt binder film to minimize the expansive reactions of steel slag. It was observed that the level of steel slag expansion changes some of the material’s individual properties, which can affect the volumetric parameters of the mix design. The use of steel slag as aggregate in HMA also improves the mechanical properties of non-aged asphalt mixtures. Moreover, the expansive characteristics of this material could be minimized when combined with other asphalt mixture components.

Recycled Polyethylene Modified Asphalt Binders and Mixtures: Performance Characteristics and Environmental Impact

2022 ◽  
pp. 036119812110657
Author(s):  
Ibrahim A. Abdalfattah ◽  
Walaa S. Mogawer ◽  
Kevin D. Stuart
Keyword(s):  
Asphalt Binder ◽  
Asphalt Mixture ◽  
Asphalt Mixtures ◽  
Asphalt Binders ◽  
Dry Process ◽  
Modified Asphalt ◽  
Wet Process ◽  
Melted Snow ◽  
Recycled Polyethylene ◽  
Asphalt Paving

This study addresses the effects of recycled polyethylene (RPE) on the performances of both asphalt binders and asphalt mixtures. Whether using RPE in an asphalt mixture might leach harmful chemicals into rainwater or melted snow was also determined. Two processes, wet and dry, were used to formulate the RPE modified asphalt binders and mixtures. In the wet process, RPE was added to asphalt binder. In the dry process, it was added to heated aggregates. RPE from two sources and PG 64-22 virgin asphalt binders from two sources were used in this study. In conclusion, RPE improved the rutting resistance of the asphalt binders and asphalt mixtures. However, it had adverse effects on their resistance to intermediate-temperature and non-load associated cracking. The dry process could produce a mixture with a higher RPE dosage compared with the wet process using one virgin asphalt binder but not the other; thus, the virgin asphalt binder source was a significant factor for the dry process. Based on an embryotoxicity test, it was found that RPE can be used by the asphalt paving industry without creating any significant environmental risks.

Evaluation of Permanent Deformation of BRA Modified Asphalt Paving Mixtures Based on Dynamic Creep Test Analysis

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
pp. 69-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Karami ◽  
Ainalem Nega ◽  
Ahdyeh Mosadegh ◽  
Hamid Nikraz
Keyword(s):  
Creep Test ◽  
Permanent Deformation ◽  
Asphalt Binder ◽  
Asphalt Mixture ◽  
Asphalt Mixtures ◽  
Modified Asphalt ◽  
Nominal Size ◽  
Dynamic Creep ◽  
Asphalt Paving ◽  
Modified Binder

The main objective this study is to evaluate the permanent deformation of buton rock asphalt (BRA) modified asphalt paving mixtures using dynamic creep test so that long term deformation behavior of asphalt mixtures can be characterized. The dynamic creep test was conducted on unmodified and BRA modified asphalt mixture using UTM25 machine. Asphalt cement of C170 from a regional supplier in Western Australia was used as the base asphalt binder for unmodified asphalt mixture; and BRA modified asphalt mixtures were made by substituting the base asphalt with 10, 20, and 30% (by weight of total asphalt binder) natural binder continuing granular BRA modified binder. The granular (pellets) BRA modified binder with a diameter of 7-10 mm was produced and extracted according the Australia Standard. Crushed granite was taken from a local quarry of the region; and dense graded for both unmodified and BRA modified asphalt mixture with the nominal size of 10 mm was used. The results of this analysis showed that BRA modified had a good performance as compared with unmodified asphalt mixtures, and increase in the content modified binder to 10%, 20%, and 30% resulted in decrease of the total permanent strain.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Moisture Susceptibility for Modified Open Graded Friction Course Mixes Used Styrene Butadiene Styrene

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 94-101
Author(s):  
Miran Bahyam Ahmed ◽  
Alaa Hussein Abed ◽  
Yasir Mawla Hammood Al-Badran
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Asphalt Binder ◽  
Asphalt Mixture ◽  
Moisture Susceptibility ◽  
Air Voids ◽  
Indirect Tensile ◽  
Asphalt Content ◽  
Styrene Butadiene Styrene ◽  
Styrene Butadiene ◽  
Butadiene Styrene

Open-graded-fraction-course (OGFC), is a hot asphalt mixture usually utilized as a private purpose wearing course, because of open graded asphalt mixture and aggregates skeleton (stone-on-stone) contact, it contain a relatively high air voids’ percentage, after compaction which are permeable to water. In this research one type of gradation was used (12.5 mm) NMAS, to preparing the OGFC asphalt mixtures, penetration grade 40/50, crushed aggregate, asphalt content prepared with 4 % and up to 6 % by weight of mixture with 0.5 % increments. Optimum asphalt content (OAC) was selected based on these criteria, air voids content, asphalt draindown, permeability, and abrasion resistance (aged and un-aged) condition. The mix performance had been investigated by indirect tensile strength and moisture susceptibility (sensitivity) measured according to the (AASHTO T283-14). Results illustrate that the increasing of asphalt binder content leads to a decrease of the air voids content, abrasion loss and permeability values, while draindown increase, conversely, the indirect tensile strength (ITS) had been significantly increased for both conditions and this is a gaod suggestion to resistance alongside moisture susceptibility. It can be decided that the increasing of asphalt  binder percent in OGFC asphalt mixture, leads to an increase in the thickness of binder coating around the aggregates. On the other hand, the influence of modifier that prepared with 4% styrene-butadiene-styrene (SBS) on OGFC asphalt mixture tends to improve the mix properties and exhibit higher (TSR) as compared with original asphalt by (31, 27.7 and 24.4) % at asphalt percent (4.8, 5.3 and 5.8) %, respectively. The SBS improved the adhesion between aggregate and asphalt which leads to reduce stripping of HMA, horizontal deformation, and increased the tensile stiffness modulus value.

scholarly journals EVALUATING THE PERFORMANCE OF ASPHALT RIENFORCEMENT LAYER COMPRISING POLYPROPYLENE GRANULES

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 278-292
Author(s):  
Hayder Salman Khudhair ◽  
Mustafa Amoori Kadhim
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Asphalt Binder ◽  
Asphalt Mixture ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Pavement Maintenance ◽  
Design Life ◽  
Indirect Tensile ◽  
Asphalt Content ◽  
Low Costs ◽  
Marshall Stability

Despite the widespread use of hot mix asphalt (HMA) Overlay as one of the most important methods of pavement maintenance, rehabilitation and development of roads, also the ease and speed of implementation and low costs, there are many disadvantages and problems that accompany the use, which is mostly due to reflection of the defects of layers the old pavement on which the asphalt reinforcement layer is based. Therefore, this study aims to prepare an asphalt mixture with a high performance and good specifications as overlay layer, which can resist the problems and defects that are exposed to it and increase its service life. Polypropylene granules of 19 mm particles size were used as an additive to the asphalt binder (AC 60-70), with percentages 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 7% of the optimum asphalt content weight. The volumetric and mechanical characteristics of mixture with this addition were evaluated by using Marshall stability and indirect tensile testing (ITS). The study showed that the use of 4% of the polypropylene granules of optimum asphalt weight gave optimal performance compared to the unmodified mix. The optimum performance of the asphalt concrete overlay during its design life, especially at high temperatures, was improved by improving the physical and mechanical properties of the asphalt mixture and by increasing its resistance to stresses is 32%.

Research on Proportioning Design of Tourmaline Modified Asphalt Mixture

2013 ◽  
Vol 405-408 ◽  
pp. 1928-1931 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin Qi Wang ◽  
Biao Dong ◽  
Chao Hui Wang ◽  
Xiao Hua Wang
Keyword(s):  
Design Method ◽  
Asphalt Mixture ◽  
Mixture Design ◽  
Mix Design ◽  
Surface Theory ◽  
Modified Asphalt ◽  
Marshall Test ◽  
Asphalt Content

In order to study the effect of tourmaline on asphalt mixture design indexes, the optimal asphalt content of modified asphalt mixture with different contents of tourmaline were determined through Marshall Test, and the variation of optimal asphalt content caused by tourmaline was analyzed. The effect of tourmaline on density, porosity, VMA, VFA, stability, flow value were studied. Under the guidance of surface theory and mortar theory respectively, the Marshall Volume indicators of tourmaline modified asphalt mixture were analyzed comparatively. A mix design method for asphalt mixture modified inorganic powder is recommended.

scholarly journals Effect of Palm Oil Clinker (POC) Aggregate on the Mechanical Properties of Stone Mastic Asphalt (SMA) Mixtures

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 2716
Author(s):  
Ali Babalghaith ◽  
Suhana Koting ◽  
Nor Sulong ◽  
Mohamed Karim ◽  
Syakirah Mohammed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Palm Oil ◽  
Asphalt Binder ◽  
Asphalt Mixture ◽  
Binder Content ◽  
Mix Design ◽  
Fine Aggregate ◽  
Mastic Asphalt ◽  
Fine Aggregates ◽  
Stone Mastic Asphalt ◽  
Aggregate Composition

Aggregate composition has a pivotal role in ensuring the quality of pavement materials. The use of waste materials to replace the aggregate composition of asphalt pavement leads to green, sustainable, and environmentally friendly construction, which ultimately preserves nature by reducing the need to harvest materials from natural sources. Using the Marshall mix design, the main objective of this paper is to investigate the effects of waste palm oil clinker (POC) as fine aggregates replacement on the properties of stone mastic asphalt (SMA) mixture. Six groups of asphalt mixtures were prepared using different percentages of palm oil clinker content (0%, 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, and 100%). To determine the Marshall properties and select the optimum binder content, asphalt mixture samples with different percentages of asphalt binder content (5.0%, 5.5%, 6.0%, 6.5%, and 7.0%) were prepared for each group. The results showed that the palm oil clinker was appropriate for use as a fine aggregate replacement up to 100% in SMA mixture and could satisfy the mix design requirements in terms of Marshall stability, flow, quotient, and volumetric properties. However, the percentage of palm oil clinker replacement as fine aggregate has merely influenced the optimum binder content. Furthermore, there were improvements in the drain down, resilient modulus and indirect tensile fatigue performances of the SMA mixture. In conclusion, the use of POC as fine aggregates replacement in SMA mixture indicates a good potential to be commercialized in flexible pavement construction.

scholarly journals Influence of Buton Rock Asphalt on the Physical and Mechanical Properties of Asphalt Binder and Asphalt Mixture

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yafei Li ◽  
Jing Chen ◽  
Jin Yan ◽  
Meng Guo
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Asphalt Pavement ◽  
Asphalt Binder ◽  
Asphalt Mixture ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Mechanical Tests ◽  
Service Performance ◽  
Modified Asphalt ◽  
Wet Process ◽  
Modified Asphalt Binder

In order to study the effect of different rock asphalt contents on the physical and mechanical properties of an asphalt binder and asphalt mixture, the physical and mechanical tests and analysis were conducted. An on-site case was investigated to verify the effectiveness of rock asphalt-modified pavement. The results show that the activation treatment can effectively enhance the molecular polarity of Buton rock asphalt. The “wet process” was used to prepare the Buton rock asphalt-modified asphalt binder, and the high-temperature performance and aging resistance were significantly improved. The modified asphalt prepared by mixing 30% rock asphalt shows the optimum balance between service performance and segregation. The on-site full-scale application of the Buton rock asphalt-modified asphalt pavement showed the good workability and service performance. This research demonstrated the ability of rock asphalt improving asphalt pavement on multiscales. It is helpful for the broader application of rock asphalt in asphalt pavement.

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